Extraction and characterization of oil of the pacu residue (Piaractus mesopotamicus) using ultrasonic technology
The increase in demand for fish consumption leads to the generation of a greater amount of waste, and it is necessary to seek alternatives to reuse of this organic load. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate the extraction of oil from the pacu residue by ultrasonic energy. The oil extraction was evaluated using a wet and dry raw material at 70 °C, from a complete factorial planning 2², where the variables were sample solvent ratio and time. The oils obtained in all the extraction conditions were analyzed as a function of the acidity in oleic acid (%), and the oil obtained in the best condition was submitted to the fatty acid profile. In the extraction smaller times and larger proportions of solvent sample contributed to obtain higher yields in oil. The oils obtained had low acidity and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, with a ratio of unsaturated and saturated and ω-6/ω-3 within the desired limits. In this way, ultrasound proved to be a useful tool for obtaining good quality pacu residue oil.