scholarly journals Scholarly Knowledge: At an Inflection Point?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Prewitt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Regional Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Nouvelles Technologies ◽  
Research Collaborations

In the rapidly expanding sector of higher education worldwide, high quality research is disproportionately produced by a small number of research-intensive universities, probably no more than 400 worldwide. These universities are experiencing major changes, spurred by new technologies and data sources from those technologies, by the commercialization in the “knowledge economy” and competition from the for-profit private sector, and of course by opportunities and pressures of globalization itself. The phase we are in is further shaped by changes in how the state and the market set research priorities, partly by creating an accountability regime tied to timely and measurable contributions of products, services, and policies.Where does Africa fit in? It does not have competitive research-intensive universities. It does have high quality individual researchers. The author argues that its strength lies in robust regional research collaborations, coupled with serious engagement with stakeholder platforms including government, commerce, and NGOs.---Dans le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur mondial à l’expansion rapide, la recherche de grande qualité est produite disproportionnellement par un nombre restreint d’universités fortement axées sur la recherche, dont le nombre ne s’élève probablement pas à plus de 400 dans le monde entier. Ces universités sont en train de connaître des changements majeurs, déclenchés par les nouvelles technologies et les sources de données émanant de ces technologies, par la commer-cialisation dans l’ « économie du savoir » et la compétition provenant du secteur privé lucratif, et bien entendu, par des opportunités et des pressions créées par la mondialisation elle-même. La phase que nous traversons est, qui plus est, caractérisée par le changement de la manière dont l’état et le marché établissent les priorités de la recherche, partiellement en créant un régime où les instituions doivent rendre des comptes, un régime lié aux contributions opportunes et mesurables de produits, de services et de politiques.Dans ce contexte, où l’Afrique trouve-t-elle sa place ? Elle n’a pas d’universités compétitives axées fortement sur la recherche. Elle possède, néanmoins, des chercheurs individuels de grande qualité. L’auteur estime que sa force repose sur des partenariats de recherche régionaux solides, couplés à des engagements sérieux pris envers des parties prenantes comme le gouvernement, le milieu du commerce et les ONG.

scholarly journals The case for an ?Excellence in Scholarship for Australia? initiative

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Calver
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research

Only those truly cryptozoic for all of 2010 could have missed the bustle and concern created by the Australian Commonwealth?s Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) initiative (http://www.arc.gov.au/era/default.htm). In common with other national research assessment exercises such as the RAE (UK) and PBRF (New Zealand), ERA is designed to assess research quality within the Australian higher education sector, identifying and rewarding those institutions and departments producing high-quality research. The linkages between achievement, recognition and reward have the potential to shape the research priorities and agendas of institutions and individual researchers.

Evidence-based practice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blánaid Daly ◽  
Paul Batchelor ◽  
Elizabeth Treasure ◽  
Richard Watt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Medical Opinion ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Quality Health

In the last 40 years, the needs of and demands for health care both in the UK and worldwide have increased dramatically. These increases are related to the population ageing, the development of new technologies and knowledge, rising patient expectations, and associated increases in professional expectations about the possibilities and potential of health care (Muir Gray 1997 ). In this period, the key policy concerns of the international health care community have been about containing costs and enabling equitable access to high quality health care, while also ensuring greater accountability, patient satisfaction, and improved public health (Lohr et al. 1998). Health care resources are finite and must be shared equitably on the basis of need, capacity to benefit, and effectiveness. The use of high quality research evidence and guidelines to inform individual patient care and population health care have become central to this process. In the mid-1970s, various writers began to question the effectiveness of medicine and the increasingly wider influence exerted by the medical profession on society. For example, McKeown (1976) mapped mortality rates for the main killer airborne diseases (tuberculosis, whooping cough, scarlet fever, diptheria, and smallpox) against contemporary advances in medicine from the mid-19th century to the early 1970s. He found that the declines in the incidence and prevalence of communicable diseases had occurred before their microbial cause had been identified and before an effective clinical intervention had been developed. McKeown concluded that the declines in mortality rates were not attributable to immunization and therapy and suggested the declines could more reasonably be attributed to better nutrition and improved housing conditions which had occurred over the period. Allied to McKeown’s historical analysis was the work of Archie Cochrane who evaluated contemporary clinical practice in the 1970s. In his seminal work Effectiveness and Efficiency , Cochrane (1972) showed that many medical treatments provided in the NHS were ineffective, inefficient, and founded on medical opinion rather than on a rigorous assessment of efficacy and effectiveness. Box 7.1 defines the terms efficacy, effective, and efficiency.

scholarly journals Organisational and technological skills: The overlooked dimension of research training

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Phelps ◽  
Kath Fisher ◽  
Allan Ellis
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Early Career ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Technological Skills ◽  
Research Students

<span>Over the last three decades new technologies have emerged that have the capacity to considerably streamline the research and publication process and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of research. This paper argues that to achieve high quality research training in the context of today's government and industry priorities, there must be a renewed focus on the organisational and technological skills that are appropriate to research. It reports on a survey of both researchers in training (higher degree research students) and early career researchers across a number of Australian institutions. The study revealed moderate levels of confidence in these areas but also found strong evidence that researchers see these aspects of research as very important and that they require greater knowledge, skills and support. The paper recommends inclusion of these organisational and technological aspects of research in research training programs and that higher education institutions take seriously the importance of such skills and do not assume that beginning researchers are already adequately trained in these skills.</span>

scholarly journals The future of psychiatric research

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Caldieraro ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Health Funding ◽  
Translational Process

Abstract Psychiatric disorders place considerable burden on individuals and on public health. Funding for research in psychiatry is less than ideal, but even so high quality research is being conducted at many centers. However, these studies have not impacted clinical practice as much as expected. The complexity of psychiatric disorders is one of the reasons why we face difficulties in translating research results to patient care. New technologies and improved methodologies are now available and must be incorporated to deal with this complexity and to accelerate the translational process. I discuss the application of modern techniques for data acquisition and analysis and also the new possibilities for performing trials in virtual models of biological systems. Adoption of new technologies is necessary, but will not reduce the importance of some of the fundamentals of all psychiatry research, such as the developmental and translational perspectives. Psychiatrists wishing to integrate these novelties into their research will need to work with contributors with whom they are unaccustomed to working, such as computer experts, a multidisciplinary team, and stakeholders such as patients and caregivers. This process will allow us to further understand and alleviate the suffering and impairment of people with psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Organisational and technological skills: The overlooked dimension of research training

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Phelps ◽  
Kath Fisher ◽  
Allan Ellis
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Early Career ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Technological Skills ◽  
Research Students

<span>Over the last three decades new technologies have emerged that have the capacity to considerably streamline the research and publication process and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of research. This paper argues that to achieve high quality research training in the context of today's government and industry priorities, there must be a renewed focus on the organisational and technological skills that are appropriate to research. It reports on a survey of both researchers in training (higher degree research students) and early career researchers across a number of Australian institutions. The study revealed moderate levels of confidence in these areas but also found strong evidence that researchers see these aspects of research as very important and that they require greater knowledge, skills and support. The paper recommends inclusion of these organisational and technological aspects of research in research training programs and that higher education institutions take seriously the importance of such skills and do not assume that beginning researchers are already adequately trained in these skills.</span>

scholarly journals Patterns of the Network of Cross-Border University Research Collaboration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6846
Author(s):  
Jinyuan Ma ◽  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Liujian Gu ◽  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Citation Impact ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Industrial Distribution

This study analyzes the patterns of university co-authorship networks in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area. It also examines the quality and subject distribution of co-authored articles within these networks. Social network analysis is used to outline the structure and evolution of the networks that have produced co-authored articles at universities in the Greater Bay Area from 2014 to 2018, at both regional and institutional levels. Field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) is used to analyze the quality and citation impact of co-authored articles in different subject fields. The findings of the study reveal that university co-authorship networks in the Greater Bay Area are still dispersed, and their disciplinary development is unbalanced. The study also finds that, while the research areas covered by high-quality co-authored articles fit the strategic needs of technological innovation and industrial distribution in the Greater Bay Area, high-quality research collaboration in the humanities and social sciences is insufficient.

Documentation et gestion du patrimoine archéologique de la chaîne montagneuse tuniso-libyenne via l'utilisation des nouvelles technologies : résultats préliminaires

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Héla Mekki
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Nouvelles Technologies ◽  
Data Assessment ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract The mountain range formed by Jebels Matmata, Demmer and Nefoussa which links the two countries, Tunisia and Libya, is strewn with archaeological remains that are little known today, due in part to the rugged terrain which makes it difficult to see them. This issue has been helped by the use of new technologies, in this case remote sensing and QGIS software. Archaeological evidence has been uncovered and more than 3,900 sites and monuments have been detected on the sides of these mountains. In addition to the inventory of unknown archaeological sites, the main aim of the work was to draw up a management and conservation plan to provide, with an order of priority, a strategy for the safeguard and conservation of the mountain heritage. This management plan was only possible through a correlation of three data: assessment of values, identification of threats, and study of the state of conservation. These components were studied using an indirect evaluation based on satellite imagery and direct evaluation through field visits.

scholarly journals The Change of Sources of Growth and Sustainable Development in China: Based on the Extended EKC Explanation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Huaide Wen ◽  
Jun Dai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Traditional Economy

This paper extends the “sources of growth” explanation for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) proposed by Copeland and Taylor in a concise theoretical framework, that is, when the sources of growth are transformed from physical capital and labor to human capital and knowledge, the environmental pollution could at first rise and then fall with a sustainable growth in per capita income. Using the provincial panel data from 1995 to 2017 in the mainland of China, an empirical analysis is carried out by the System Generalized Method of Moment (sys-GMM). The results show that: first, the EKC hypothesis exists in China. The inflection point for SO2 emissions has been passed in all of the provincial regions, and for CO2 and comprehensive environmental pollution losses have not been passed in some regions, but the inflection point from the national average level in China has been passed; second, the main production factors of the traditional economy, physical capital and labor, are positively correlated with environmental pollution, while human capital and green technological progress, the main production factors of the knowledge economy, are negatively related to environmental pollution; third, human capital and green technological progress have become important factors to promote economic growth, and human capital, in particular, has become the primary factor, which indicates that China is in the process of transforming traditional economy into a knowledge economy. The stage of China’s economic development and the trend of environmental pollution is consistent with the extended “sources of growth” explanation for the EKC, which proved the theoretical hypothesis. This has an important practical significance for China’s current economic reform and important theoretical value for the economic transformation and sustainable development of developing countries. The paper finally puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.

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