American national standard N43.2 : radiation safety for x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis equipment

We investigated the mechanochemical synthesis of complex slow release fertilizers (SRF) derived from glauconite. We studied the effectiveness of the mechanical intercalation of urea into glauconite using planetary and ring mills. The potassium-nitric complex SRFs were synthesized via a mechanochemical method mixing glauconite with urea in a 3:1 ratio. The obtained composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that as duration of mechanochemical activation increases, the mineralogical, chemical, and structural characteristics of composites change. Essential modifications associated with a decrease in absorbed urea and the formation of microcrystallites were observed when the planetary milling time increased from 5 to 10 min and the ring milling from 15 to 30 min. Complete intercalation of urea into glauconite was achieved by 20 min grinding in a planetary mill or 60 min in a ring mill. Urea intercalation in glauconite occurs much faster when using a planetary mill compared to a ring mill.

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A Novel Missense Mutation (p.P52R) in Amelogenin Gene Causing X-linked Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910708600111 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 69-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Kida ◽

Y. Sakiyama ◽

A. Matsuda ◽

S. Takabayashi ◽

H. Ochi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Novel Mutation ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Hereditary Disease ◽

Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Japanese Family ◽

X Ray ◽

Amelogenin Gene

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disease with abnormal dental enamel formation. Here we report a Japanese family with X-linked AI transmitted over at least four generations. Mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation (p.P52R) in exon 5 of the amelogenin gene. The mutation was detected as heterozygous in affected females and as hemizygous in their affected father. The affected sisters exhibited vertical ridges on the enamel surfaces, whereas the affected father had thin, smooth, yellowish enamel with distinct widening of inter-dental spaces. To study the pathological cause underlying the disease in this family, we synthesized the mutant amelogenin p.P52R protein and evaluated it in vitro. Furthermore, we studied differences in the chemical composition between normal and affected teeth by x-ray diffraction analysis and x-ray fluorescence analysis. We believe that these results will greatly aid our understanding of the pathogenesis of X-linked AI.

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Characteristics of New Pyrolitic Graphite Crystal for X - ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analysis

Advances in X-Ray Analysis ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-2528-8_66 ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 545-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katsumi Ohno ◽

Mutsuaki Murakami ◽

Toshiharu Hoshi ◽

Mutsuaki Murakami ◽

Toshiharu Hoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Graphite Crystal ◽

X Ray

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A High-Temperature Study of Phase Precipitation in Superalloys

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800000926 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 365-375

Author(s):

John F. Radavich

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Phase Precipitation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Suitable Heat Treatment ◽

Nickel Base ◽

High Temperature Study

AbstractMany of the iron- and nickel-base superalloys exhibit brittle properties on heat treatment, welding, or other fabrication processes at temperatures of about 2000°F or higher. Studies have been carried out by means of electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis of the precipitation in the metal and in an isolated form.Results of the electron microscope study of the surface of the metal show a grain boundary constituent to be present which increases in amount as the temperature is increased. Studies on the isolated residue of such samples show a very thin “featherlike” film to be located at the grain boundaries and enclosing the grains. Electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analysis studies of the thin films indicate that they are a TiC phase with very little alloying elements in solution.At temperatures above 2000°F the thin film becomes quite thick and tends to force the grains apart. It is believed that this form of the TiC phase promotes the severe embrittling nature of these alloys at high temperatures. Suitable heat treatment at lower temperatures causes the TiC film to agglomerate and the grain boundaries become “tight,” and a more ductile condition results.

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Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a New Norbornene Dicarboximide with a Pendant Carbazole Moiety

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2019/5306912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Stefania Pragliola ◽

Antonio Botta ◽

Rubina Troiano ◽

Veronica Paradiso ◽

Fabia Grisi

Keyword(s):

Ring Opening ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Dsc Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization ◽

Metathesis Polymerization ◽

X Ray ◽

Excimer Formation ◽

Film Polymer

A new norbornene dicarboximide presenting a pendant carbazole moiety linked by a p-methylene benzyl spacer is synthesized. This carbazole-functionalized monomer is polymerized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization using Grubbs third-generation catalyst. Microstructural analysis of resulting polymers performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) shows that they are stereoirregular. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermal (DSC) analysis indicate that polymers are also amorphous. With respect to the fluorescence analysis, both solution and film polymer samples exhibit only “normal structured” carbazole fluorescence, while excimer formation by overlap of carbazole groups is not detected.

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Refitting an X-ray diffraction system for combined GIXRF and XRR measurements

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1017/s088571562000041x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

pp. S29-S33

Author(s):

Dieter Ingerle ◽

Werner Artner ◽

Klaudia Hradil ◽

Christina Streli

Keyword(s):

Incident Beam ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Nickel Layer ◽

Beam Optics ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Special Software ◽

Spectrometer Data

A commercial Empyrean X-ray diffractometer was adapted for combined grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis (GIXRF) measurements with X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. An energy-dispersive silicon drift detector was mounted and integrated in the angle-dependent data acquisition of the Empyrean. Different monochromator/X-ray optics units have been compared with the values obtained by the Atominstitut GIXRF + XRR spectrometer. Data evaluation was performed by JGIXA, a special software for combined GIXRF + XRR data fitting, developed at Atominstitut. A sample consisting of a ~50 nm nickel layer on a silicon substrate was used to compare the performance criteria (i.e. divergence and intensity) of the incident beam optics. An Empyrean X-ray diffractometer was successfully refitted to measure both GIXRF and XRR data.

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Phase Formation and Magnetic Properties of Melt Spun and Annealed Nd-Fe-B Based Alloys with Ga Additions

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9050497 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Shchetinin ◽

Aggrey ◽

Bordyuzhin ◽

Savchenko ◽

Gorshenkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Property ◽

Amorphous Phase ◽

Melt Spinning ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Structural Transformations ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Rich Phase ◽

X Ray ◽

Melt Spun ◽

Property Changes

The structural transformations and magnetic property changes of the Nd16.2FebalCo9.9Ga0.5B7.5 (SG1, SG2) and Nd15.0FebalGa2.0B7.3 (SG3) nanocomposite alloys obtained by melt spinning in the as-quenched state and after annealing at a temperature range of 560–650 °C for 30 min were studied. The methods used were X-ray diffraction analysis, magnetic property measurements, TEM studies, X-ray fluorescence analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Amorphous phase and crystalline phase Nd2Fe14B (P42/mnm) were observed in the alloy after melt spinning. The content of the amorphous phase ranged from 20% to 50% and depended on the cooling rate. Annealing of the alloys resulted in amorphous phase crystallization into Nd2Fe14B and led to the increased coercivity of the alloys up to 1840 kA/m (23.1 kOe) at 600 °C annealing for 30 min. The alloy with the maximum coercivity had a grain size of the Nd2Fe14B phase ≈50–70 nm with an Nd-rich phase between grains.

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Nanostructured Co3O4 Oxide for Low Temperature Ethanol Oxidation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.205 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 798-799 ◽

pp. 205-210

Author(s):

Jairo Alberto Gomez-Cuaspud ◽

Martin Schmal

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Oxidation ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Product Distribution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ethanol Oxidation Reaction ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

Combustion Technique

We investigated the synthesis of nanosized Co3O4 oxide by the polymerization-combustion technique, with different concentrations (3, 12 and 25% w/w) in the ethanol oxidation reaction. Characterization was done by X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy and CO and H2 chemisorption. Principal results from physicochemical characterization show that the concentration of the metal oxide influence the product distribution and selectivity under isothermal conditions at 420 °C showed the formation of intermediate etoxi-species and preferential dehydrogenation reaction on stream of material. Specific concentrations result in high conversions and H2 selectivity under present reaction conditions.

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Vanadium Chemical Compounds Forms in Wastes of Vanadium Pentoxide Production

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13214889 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 4889

Author(s):

Anton Volkov ◽

Ulyana Kologrieva ◽

Anatoly Kovalev ◽

Dmitry Wainstein ◽

Vladimir Vakhrushev

Keyword(s):

Vanadium Pentoxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Converter Slag ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Vanadium Content ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Oxidation Degree ◽

X Ray ◽

Secondary Ions ◽

Optimal Technology

A big amount of solid wastes or dump sludges is generated after leaching vanadium (V) from a roasted mixture. As the vanadium content in these tailings is comparable to its concentration in traditional vanadium sources such as titanomagnetite ores or a vanadium converter slag, these wastes could be recycled to extract additional vanadium. Therefore, this research was aimed on studies of vanadium-containing sludges resulting from hydrometallurgical production of vanadium pentoxide to find an optimal technology for V extraction. The material composition of industrial and synthetic sludge samples was studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), secondary ions mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA). The paper demonstrates the presence of vanadium in sludges, not only in spinels in 3+ oxidation degree, but also in other compounds containing V4+ and V5+. It was found that vanadium substitutes a set of elements in minerals except spinel. The dependence between the content of insoluble vanadium compounds and V oxidation degree was determined.

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