Gender Differences in Stress Levels and Coping Strategies in South Korea While Using Mobile Phones

Background and purpose. Stress has been recognized as a public health problem. However, little research has been done on gender differences in sources of stress and coping strategies in Hawaii. In this study, we hypothesized that: 1) women will report higher levels of stress than men; 2) women will report being stressed by family and health related stressors while men will report stress related to finances and work-related issues; 3) women will report using adaptive coping strategies more frequently while men will report using maladaptive and avoidance strategies more frequently; 4) there will be no gender differences in the readiness to use stress management strategies. Method. A statewide cross-sectional telephone-survey of 1518 participants was conducted during the spring and summer of 2006. Results. Women reported higher overall perceived stress levels, but there was no difference in the experienced social stressors and health stressors between genders. Men perceived more stress from personal factors. There were no gender differences in the perceived ability to cope with stress. However, women were more likely to use adaptive coping strategies, whereas men were more likely to use maladaptive and avoidance coping strategies. There were no significant gender differences in stages of change for stress management. Conclusion. Based on this study, interventions can be developed to help people better cope with stress. Interventions for women may focus on increasing the use of adaptive strategies such as praying and talking to friends and family, while interventions for men may introduce the use of adaptive coping strategies such as exercise and actively fighting causes of stress. This study shows that gender differences in stress levels and coping in Hawaii are similar to previous studies conducted on the mainland. More research into specific stressors and coping strategies may help tailor interventions that are more effective and comprehensive.

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Protective Factors against Emergency Stress and Burnout in Healthcare and Emergency Workers during Second Wave of COVID-19

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10050178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Monia Vagni ◽

Tiziana Maiorano ◽

Valeria Giostra ◽

Daniela Pajardi

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Total Stress ◽

Emergency Workers ◽

Stress Levels ◽

And Coping ◽

Reducing Stress ◽

Second Wave

Working as healthcare workers (HCWs) and emergency workers (EWs) during the first wave of COVID-19 has been associated with high levels of stress and burnout, while hardiness, coping strategies and resilience have emerged as protective factors. No studies have so far investigated these psychological factors during the second wave. We aimed to verify the trend of stress levels, burnout, coping strategies and resilience during the pandemic in Italian healthcare and emergency workers by comparing a first sample recruited from the first COVID-19 wave (N = 240) with a second sample relating to the second wave (N = 260). Through an online platform we administered questionnaires to measure stress, burnout, resilience, hardiness and coping strategies. The results showed that in the two waves the total stress levels of HCWs and EWs did not differ, while the physical stress and hardiness scores in the second wave were greater. No differences were found in the coping strategies used. An analysis of burnout levels in the second wave sample found that stress showed a high predictive power in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scales. Hardiness and resilience emerged as protective factors in reducing stress. The implications for the need to provide support and to improve hardiness for HCWs and EWs are discussed.

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Changes in stress levels and coping strategies among Finnish nursing students

Nurse Education in Practice ◽

10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 102958

Author(s):

Hanish Dev Bhurtun ◽

Hannele Turunen ◽

Matti Estola ◽

Terhi Saaranen

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Stress Levels ◽

And Coping

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Gender, coping and psychosomatic symptoms

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700013301 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 125-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets ◽

Guus L. Van Heck

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Wishful Thinking ◽

Positive Thinking ◽

Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽

Self Blame ◽

Expression Of Emotions ◽

Psychosocial Load ◽

And Coping

SYNOPSISIn this study gender differences in coping were explored, using the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC; Folkman & Lazarus, 1980). In addition, the focus was on sex differences in the predictive value of coping strategies in relation to psychosomatic symptoms. Males preferred problem-focused coping strategies, planned and rational actions, positive thinking, personal growth and humour, day-dreaming and fantasies. Women preferred emotion-focused coping solutions, self-blame, expression of emotions/seeking of social support, and wishful thinking/emotionality. In spite of the gender differences the results of multiple regression analyses indicated congruous relationships between coping and complaints for both sexes. Stressors and coping factors contributed in much the same way to the explained variance of symptoms and the results were generally similar for males and females. The present data also emphasize the bidirectionality of the coping–symptoms link. This holds especially for self-blame, day-dreaming and fantasizing, and wishful thinking/emotionality. In contrast, distancing was found to be associated with self-reported psychosocial load. Future prospective studies should explicitly pay attention to this bidirectional relationship.

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An Assessment of Perceived Stress Levels and Coping Strategies for the Same among Married Women Clerical Employees in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Medico-Legal Update ◽

10.5958/0974-1283.2019.00163.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Shika Jeppu ◽

Rajesh Kamath ◽

Ida D'Souza ◽

Aswathi Raj ◽

Biju Soman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Married Women ◽

Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽

Care Teaching ◽

Stress Levels ◽

And Coping

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Gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies among IT personnel

Women in Management Review ◽

10.1108/09649429610109299 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Vivien K.G. Lim ◽

Thompson S.H. Teo

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Occupational Stress ◽

Stress And Coping ◽

And Coping ◽

It Personnel

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Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255634

Author(s):

B. Sue Graves ◽

Michael E. Hall ◽

Carolyn Dias-Karch ◽

Michael H. Haischer ◽

Christine Apter

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Work Lives ◽

Brief Cope ◽

And Gender ◽

And Coping

Background Many college students register each semester for courses, leading to productive careers and fulfilled lives. During this time, the students have to manage many stressors stemming from academic, personal, and, sometimes, work lives. Students, who lack appropriate stress management skills, may find it difficult to balance these responsibilities. Objectives This study examined stress, coping mechanisms, and gender differences in undergraduate students towards the end of the semester. Design and method University students (n = 448) enrolled in three different undergraduate exercise science courses were assessed. Two instruments, the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Cope, were administered during the twelfth week of the semester, four weeks prior to final exams. T-tests were used to detect gender differences for the stress levels and coping strategies. Results Overall, females indicated higher levels of stress than their male counterparts. Gender differences were evident in both coping dimensions and individual coping strategies used. Females were found to utilize the emotion-focused coping dimension and endorsed the use of four coping strategies more often than males. These included self-distraction, emotional support, instrumental support, and venting. Conclusions This research adds to the existing literature by illuminating the level of perceived stress and different coping strategies used by undergraduate female and male students. In turn, students may need educational interventions to develop effective and healthy coping strategies to last a lifetime. Faculty and other university officials may want to highlight and understand these various factors to protect the students’ wellbeing in their classes.

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Stress and coping strategies in a sample of South African managers involved in post-graduate managerial studies

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology ◽

10.4102/sajip.v26i1.692 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Judora J. Spangenberg ◽

Mark R. Orpen-Lyall

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

South African ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Avoidant Coping ◽

Work Related ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Social Support Seeking ◽

Support Seeking ◽

And Coping

To examine the relationships between stress levels and, respectively, stressor appraisal, coping strategies and bio- graphical variables, 107 managers completed a biographical questionnaire. Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire, and Coping Strategy Indicator. Significant negative correlations were found between stress levels and appraisal scores on all work-related stressors. An avoidant coping strategy explained significant variance in stress levels in a model also containing social support-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies. It was concluded that an avoidant coping strategy probably contributed to increased stress levels. Female managers experienced significantly higher stress levels and utilized a social support-seeking coping strategy significantly more than male managers did. Opsomming Om die verband tussen stresvlakke en, onderskeidelik, taksering van stressors, streshanteringstrategiee en biografiese veranderlikes te ondersoek, het 107 bestuurders n biografiese vraelys, Ervaring vanWerk- en Lewensomstandighedevraelys en Streshanteringstrategieskaal voltooi. Beduidende negatiewe korrelasies is aangetref tussen stresvlakke en takseringtellings ten opsigte van alle werkverwante stressors. 'nVermydende streshantermgstrategie het beduidende variansie in stresvlakke verklaar in n model wat ook sosiale ondersteuningsoekende en pro-bleemoplossende streshanteringstrategiee ingesluit het. Die gevolgtrekking is bereik dat n vermydende stres- hanteringstrategie waarskynlik bygedra het tot verhoogde stresvlakke. Vroulike bestuurders het beduidend hoer stresvlakke ervaar en het n sosiale ondersteuningsoekende streshanteringstrategie beduidend meer gebnnk as manlike bestuurders.

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