Effects of Pear Extracts Containing Herbal Medicine (Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma, and Astragali Radix) on Body Weight, Lipid Metabolism, and Immune Responses of Rats Fed with High Fat Diets ( I )

Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.

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Development of leptin resistance in rat soleus muscle in response to high-fat diets

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.6.e1374 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (6) ◽

pp. E1374-E1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Greg R. Steinberg ◽

David J. Dyck

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Soleus Muscle ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

Safflower Oil ◽

High Fat ◽

Muscle Lipid ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Rat Soleus Muscle ◽

Fat Diets

Direct evidence for leptin resistance in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle does not exist. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different high-fat diets on lipid metabolism in isolated rat soleus muscle and specifically explored whether leptin's stimulatory effects on muscle lipid metabolism would be reduced after exposure to high-fat diets. Control (Cont, 12% kcal fat) and high-fat [60% kcal safflower oil (n-6) (HF-Saff); 48% kcal safflower oil plus 12% fish oil (n-3)] diets were fed to rats for 4 wk. After the dietary treatments, muscle lipid turnover and oxidation in the presence and absence of leptin was measured using pulse-chase procedures in incubated resting soleus muscle. In the absence of leptin, phospholipid, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol (TG) turnover were unaffected by the high-fat diets, but exogenous palmitate oxidation was significantly increased in the HF-Saff group. In Cont rats, leptin increased exogenous palmitate oxidation (21.4 ± 5.7 vs. 11.9 ± 1.61 nmol/g, P = 0.019) and TG breakdown (39.8 ± 5.6 vs. 27.0 ± 5.2 nmol/g, P = 0.043) and decreased TG esterification (132.5 ± 14.6 vs. 177.7 ± 29.6 nmol/g, P = 0.043). However, in both high-fat groups, the stimulatory effect of leptin on muscle lipid oxidation and hydrolysis was eliminated. Partial substitution of fish oil resulted only in the restoration of leptin's inhibition of TG esterification. Thus we hypothesize that, during the development of obesity, skeletal muscle becomes resistant to the effects of leptin, resulting in the accumulation of intramuscular TG. This may be an important initiating step in the development of insulin resistance common in obesity.

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Effect of nutrition on growth and somatomedin A levels in the rat

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0940321 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 321-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kazue Takano ◽

Naomi Hizuka ◽

Kazuo Shizume ◽

Yoko Hasumi ◽

Toshio Tsushima

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Weight ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Protein ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Fat Diets

Abstract. Serum somatomedin A was significantly reduced after 3 days of fasting in rats with a mean decrease of 23.6 ± 2.4% (N = 18) of initial values. Re-feeding for one day produced a definite increase in somatomedin A, with a rise in body weight. When re-fed isocalorically for 21 days with diets of different quality, a low protein diet led to smaller increases in both seum somatomedin A and body weight in comparison to those of control-, high-protein- and high fat-diets (P < 0.001). There is a positive correlation between the increase in body weight and serum somatomedin A levels (N = 70, r = 0.71, P< 0.001). The effect of growth hormone on somatomedin generation was abolished in hypophysectomized rats fed with low-protein diet. Our study suggests that protein in the diet is important for the generation of somatomedin A, which is necessary for normal growth.

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Age-dependent effect of high-fructose and high-fat diets on lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in liver and kidney of rats

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/1476-511x-12-136 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 136 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Uberdan Guilherme Mendes de Castro ◽

Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos ◽

Marcelo Silva ◽

Wanderson de Lima ◽

Maria Campagnole-Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

High Fat ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

High Fructose ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Fat Diets

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Lasting Effects on Body Weight and Mammary Gland Gene Expression in Female Mice upon Early Life Exposure to n-3 but Not n-6 High-Fat Diets

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0055603 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e55603 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mirjam Luijten ◽

Amar V. Singh ◽

Caleb A. Bastian ◽

Anja Westerman ◽

M. Michele Pisano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Early Life ◽

High Fat ◽

Female Mice ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

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Selective Inactivation of Socs3 in SF1 Neurons Improves Glucose Homeostasis without Affecting Body Weight

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2008-0805 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 149 (11) ◽

pp. 5654-5661 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Ren Zhang ◽

Harveen Dhillon ◽

Huali Yin ◽

Akihiko Yoshimura ◽

Bradford B. Lowell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

High Fat ◽

Leptin Signaling ◽

Leptin Sensitivity ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) has been identified as a mediator of central leptin resistance, but the identity of specific neurons in which Socs3 acts to suppress leptin signaling remains elusive. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was recently shown to be an important site for leptin action because deleting leptin receptor within VMH neurons causes obesity. To examine the role of VMH Socs3 in leptin resistance and energy homeostasis, we generated mice lacking Socs3 specifically in neurons positive for steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), which is expressed abundantly in the VMH. These mice had increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in VMH neurons, suggesting improved leptin signaling, and consistently, food intake and weight-reducing effects of exogenous leptin were enhanced. Furthermore, on either chow or high-fat diets, these mice had reduced food intake. Unexpectedly, energy expenditure was reduced as well. Mice lacking Socs3 in SF1 neurons, despite no change in body weight, had improved glucose homeostasis and were partially protected from hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diets. These results suggest that Socs3 in SF1 neurons negatively regulates leptin signaling and plays important roles in mediating leptin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure.

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