scholarly journals Danske og Internationale tendenser: Idræt og Sundhed

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Thomas Skovgaard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity

In the last decades there has been increasing recognition that physical inactivity represents a major health problem. Attention has been directed towards making the population more physical active in everyday life. Strategies have focused on individual, social and environmental determinants of health enhancing physical activity. This article argues that policies on physical activity, on top of addressing individual lifestyle factors, must include a strong focus on and plans for intervention in the social and built environments that influence the ability and interest in being physical active.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Malnutrition (Overweight and Underweight) in Children Aged 10-13 Years in Schools in Manipal and Utopia, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jahani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Height For Age

Background. Malnutrition is a major health problem in India. It mostly affects children of school going age with serious health problems putting them at an increased risk for developing chronic diseases later in life. This study aims to study the prevalence of malnutrition (overweight and underweight) in children aged 10-13 years in schools in Manipal and Utopia, Karnataka. Materials and Methods. In this study, a total 400 students were studied. Their anthropometric measurements like height, weight, BMI and MUAC, dietary pattern, physical activity level, and child eating behavior. Questionnaire was used to note the student’s information. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21, Diet Cal, and Anthroplus1.0.4. Results. It was observed that in the childhood category 10-13 years there were 222 (55.5%) male and 178(44.5%) female. According to the BMI for age 53.4% of them falls under the normal category; 22.3% falls under the mild wasting category; About 18.3% falls under the obese category and 8% falls under the moderate wasting category. There is no students falling under the severe wasting and overweight category according to the BAZ classification. When the height for age was done for all the children, about 36.3% falls under normal height; About 35.5% falls under mild stunting; 19.3% falls under the moderate stunting; 8.3% falls under the severe stunting category; and 1% falls under tall category according to the HAZ classification. Conclusions. In conclusion, mild stunting and wasting was observed among children. There are no students falling under the severe wasting and overweight category according to the BAZ classification.

A Computer-Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) of Screening Mammography to Detect Breast Cancer Without a Surgical Biopsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadj Ahmed Bouarara
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
The Social ◽  
N Gram

Breast cancer has become a major health problem in the world over the past 50 years and its incidence has increased in recent years. It accounts for 33% of all cancer cases, and 60% of new cases of breast cancer occur in women aged 50 to 74 years. In this work we have proposed a computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) system that can predict whether a woman has cancer or not by analyzing her mammogram automatically without passing through a biopsy stage. The screening mammogram will be vectorized using the n-gram pixel representation. After the vectors obtained will be classified into one of the classes—with cancer or without cancer—using the social elephant algorithm. The experimentation using the digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) and validation measures—f-measure entropy recall, accuracy, specificity, RCT, ROC, AUC—show clearly the effectiveness and the superiority of our proposed bioinspired technique compared to others techniques existed in the literature such as naïve bayes, Knearest neighbours, and decision tree c4.5. The goal is to help radiologists with early detection to reduce the mortality rate among women with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Changing Settlement Patterns Into Rural Built Environments: Impacts on Social and Environmental Determinants of Health For Immigrants in Region of Peel, Ontario.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemisi Onilude
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Food System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Immigrant Settlement ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study examined changing settlement patterns into rural built environments and impacts on social and environmental determinants of health for immigrants in the rural town of Caledon, Ontario. Data was collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews with immigrant residents in addition to key informant interviews with service providers, and those with expertise in rural planning and/or immigrant settlement. Audie recordings were transcribed and thematically analyzed using NViso 12. This study is one of the first to integrate healthy built environments frameworks with social determinants of health frameworks and findings indicate that food system infrastructure; housing and rental stock; inclusive greenspaces are all factors that are important to the health and well being of immigrants in Caledon. The major challenge faced in terms of built form is inadequate public transit, which could have impacts on their mental and physical health. Further this study flags the importance of culturally appropriate religious and spiritual built amenities and services, something that is overlooked in healthy built environment research, underscoring the importance of an equity, diversity and inclusion lens. Various policy recommendations are provided that have the potential to enhance health and well-being of newcomers in the rural environments in Canada.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Efficacy of Vaccine on Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Post Vaccination Surveillance: A Narrative Review

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ihsanul Hafiz ◽  
Didi Nurhadi Illian ◽  
Okpri Meila ◽  
Ahmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo ◽  
Arida Susilowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Real World ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, since December 2019, is a major health problem and concern worldwide. The pandemic has impacted various fields, from the social to the development of health science and technology. The virus has been mutating and thus producing several new variants, rushing research in the field of molecular biology to develop rapidly to overcome the problems that occur. Vaccine clinical studies are developing promptly with the aim of obtaining vaccines that are effective in suppressing the spread of the virus; however, the development of viral mutations raises concerns about the decreasing effectiveness of the resulting vaccine, which also results in the need for more in-depth studies. There have been 330 vaccines developed, including 136 clinical developments and 194 pre-clinical developments. The SARS-CoV-2 variant continues to evolve today, and it poses a challenge in testing the effectiveness of existing vaccines. This is a narrative review describing the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, development of vaccine platforms, identification of concerning mutations and virus variants in various countries of the world, and real-world monitoring of post-vaccination effectiveness and surveillance.

scholarly journals Changing Settlement Patterns Into Rural Built Environments: Impacts on Social and Environmental Determinants of Health For Immigrants in Region of Peel, Ontario.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemisi Onilude
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Food System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Immigrant Settlement ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study examined changing settlement patterns into rural built environments and impacts on social and environmental determinants of health for immigrants in the rural town of Caledon, Ontario. Data was collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews with immigrant residents in addition to key informant interviews with service providers, and those with expertise in rural planning and/or immigrant settlement. Audie recordings were transcribed and thematically analyzed using NViso 12. This study is one of the first to integrate healthy built environments frameworks with social determinants of health frameworks and findings indicate that food system infrastructure; housing and rental stock; inclusive greenspaces are all factors that are important to the health and well being of immigrants in Caledon. The major challenge faced in terms of built form is inadequate public transit, which could have impacts on their mental and physical health. Further this study flags the importance of culturally appropriate religious and spiritual built amenities and services, something that is overlooked in healthy built environment research, underscoring the importance of an equity, diversity and inclusion lens. Various policy recommendations are provided that have the potential to enhance health and well-being of newcomers in the rural environments in Canada.

Climate “Psychopathology”

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Sufficient Food ◽  
Precipitation Trends

Abstract. Climate change is now widely recognized as the greatest threat faced by humanity for thousands of years and is known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health; including access to clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food, and secure shelter ( WHO, 2018 ). Anthropogenic climate change has already resulted in warming and precipitation trends that claim 150,000 lives annually, and a recent report from the WHO forecasts that between 2030 and 2050 climate change will cause an additional 250,000 additional deaths per year ( WHO, 2018 ). The interaction between climate change, mental health, and physical health is not yet well understood. This review addresses the question of how climate change is affecting mental health and will demonstrate that climate psychopathologies really matter in the face of the climate emergency.

Cross-Sectional Relationship Between Physical Activity and Falls in Older Adults, United States 2003

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Carlson ◽  
Judy Kruger ◽  
Harold W. Kohl ◽  
David M. Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Background:Falls are a major health problem for older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-sectional association between non-occupational physical activity and falls and fall-related injuries in US adults age 65 y or older.Methods:Respondents age 65 y or older were selected from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 47,619).Results:The age-adjusted incidence of falls was significantly higher among inactive respondents (16.3%, 95% CI: 15.2–17.6) than insufficiently active (12.3%, 95% CI: 11.4–13.2) or active (12.6%, 95% CI: 11.6–13.7) respondents. After controlling for sex, age, education, and body-mass index, active and insufficiently active respondents were significantly less likely to have fallen and were significantly less likely to have had a fall-related injury than their inactive peers.Conclusion:These results show that active and insufficiently active older adults experience a lower incidence of falls than their inactive peers.

Perceptions of Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Obesity Among African-American Children in the Lower Mississippi Delta

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernestine B. McGee ◽  
Valerie Richardson ◽  
Glenda Johnson ◽  
Crystal Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
American Children

Purpose. To explore the nutrition and physical activity perceptions of children for planning a healthy weight curriculum to address childhood obesity in African-American children living in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD). Design. Six children’s focus group sessions. Setting. Two Louisiana parishes in the LMD. Subjects. Seventy 8- to 13-year-old African-American children, 46 (66%) females and 24 (44%) males, participated in the focus group sessions. Measures. Interview questions were based on personal and environmental determinants and content and strategies for a healthy lifestyle program for children. Analysis. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed, observer recorded, and analyzed to identify recurring trends and patterns among focus groups. Content analysis consisted of coding focus group transcripts for recurrent themes and review of data by an independent reviewer to confirm the themes. Results. Emerging themes were categorized as healthy lifestyle opinions within the social cognitive theory constructs of personal and environmental determinants and curriculum content. Conclusion. LMD youth recognized a healthy eating pattern and that overweight and obesity result from poor eating habits and physical inactivity. Children’s food intake pattern did not reflect this understanding, suggesting a need for culturally tailoring an intervention to impact the poor food intake and physical inactivity in two low-income African-American Delta communities.

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