scholarly journals Zur zeitlichen Evaluierung von Phasenverben. Das Problem der „leeren Mitte“ oder: Wie viele Intervalle braucht die Semantik von Phasenverben?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (44) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Volkmar Engerer
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Montague Grammar ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Semantic Reference ◽  
The Moment

On the temporal evaluation of phasal verbs. The problem of the ‘empty mid’ or: How many intervals does the semantics of phasal verbs need? In this paper I argue that the default view on phasal verb semantics, conceptualising them as change-of-state entities shifting from a proposition to its negated counterpart and, consequently, operating with points of time, has to be revised by considering intervals (and not points) as the fundamental semantic reference entities; perhaps more important, the study’s results make it necessary to take into account at least one more interval “in between”. This interval is, I am proposing, by no means marginal, as it constitutes a relevant evaluation interval where phasal meaning proper in terms of beginning, finishing and continuing unfolds. Constructions with phasal verbs in general allow, as will be shown, the possibility of adverbials modifying an interval situated between the interval before and after the moment of change-of-state, which is a strong argument in favour of the proposed third interval. - On the outset of this article it is argued that mainstream approaches to phasal semantics, working with two points of time, indirectly introduce two evaluation intervals, and thereby leave open the interpretation of the mid interval. After having presented and discussed the relevant data, Dowty’s influential work on verb semantics, Word meaning and Montague grammar, is discussed and it will be demonstrated that the ‘problem of the empty mid’ was recognised by Dowty, but not properly integrated into his conception of interval semantics.

EVALUATION OF THE EFECTS OF ELECTRONIC ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH “TAM TY THANG” REMEDY IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BY WIND-COLD-DAMP

2017 ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Thi Luu Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Key Words Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Moment

Objectives: To assess the effect of electronic acupuncture combined with “Tam ty thang” remedy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by wind-cold-damp. Materials and methods: prospective study, comparing before and after treatment, including 43 patients who were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis by wind-cold-damp according to traditional medicine. Results: good level occupied 69,8%, and fair good level occupied 30,2%.The improved motor function accounted for 95.3%, to relieve pain up to 95,3%, reducing inflammation of VSS in 1 hour at the moment No 31,65, N28 17,88. The improvement in the level of activity of the hand reached 48,8% for good level. Conclusions: The method of electronic acupuncture combined with “Tam ty thang” remedy have a good effect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by wind-cold-damp and it didn’t cause significantly side effects in clinic. Key words: rheumatoid arthritis, electronic acupuncture, “Tam ty thang” remedy

Null se constructions in Brazilian and European Portuguese: morphosyntactic deletion or emergence of new constructions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Soares da Silva ◽  
Susana Afonso ◽  
Dafne Palú ◽  
Karlien Franco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Se constructions designate a set of polysemous constructions along a transitivity continuum marked by the clitic se that perform various functions: reflexive/reciprocal, middle, anticausative, passive, and impersonal. A counterpart of these constructions without the clitic – the null se construction – is also attested. Based on an extensive usage-feature and profile-based analysis, and using multivariate statistical methods, we analyze, considering Cognitive Grammar, the conceptual, structural, and lectal factors that determine the choice between overt and null se constructions. The results of the study show that the null constructions are far more frequent in Brazilian (BP) than in European Portuguese (EP). In BP, the focus on the moment of change is a crucial factor for the overt/null variation in reflexive/reciprocal, middle, anticausative, and impersonal constructions. If the moment of the change of state is profiled, the overt se construction is usually produced. If the moment of change is not profiled, the null se construction is preferred. External factors also play a role in the variation. Register is an important predictor for the observed variation of the anticausative construction, and the only predictor for the overt/null variation in the case of the passive construction. In EP, the null se variant is mainly limited to anticausative constructions. In all cases of null constructions, there is a shift to an absolute construal, which has an impact on the way that the transitivity continuum is conceptualized.

Risk factors of postthrombotic syndrome before and after deep venous thrombosis treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob HW Strijkers ◽  
Mark AF de Wolf ◽  
Cees HA Wittens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Postthrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Selection Criteria ◽  
The Moment

Postthrombotic syndrome is the most common complication after deep venous thrombosis. Postthrombotic syndrome is a debilitating disease and associated with decreased quality of life and high healthcare costs. Postthrombotic syndrome is a chronic disease, and causative treatment options are limited. Prevention of postthrombotic syndrome is therefore very important. Not all patients develop postthrombotic syndrome. Risk factors have been identified to try to predict the risk of developing postthrombotic syndrome. Age, gender, and recurrent deep venous thrombosis are factors that cannot be changed. Deep venous thrombosis location and extent seem to predict severity of postthrombotic syndrome and are potentially suitable as patient selection criteria. Residual thrombosis and reflux are known to increase the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome, but are of limited use. More recently developed treatment options for deep venous thrombosis, such as new oral factor X inhibitors and catheter-directed thrombolysis, are available at the moment. Catheter-directed thrombolysis shows promising results in reducing the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome after deep venous thrombosis. The role of new oral factor X inhibitors in preventing postthrombotic syndrome is still to be determined.

scholarly journals TRANSITION TO THE SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACCOUNT TO DIGITAL ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Moment

the problems of the transition to the second green revolution in the context of tak-ing into account the digital economy were considered from the state of the moment of Russian agri-culture in 1913, taking into account both the yield, harvesting and export of cereals and the number of horses and cattle before and after the First World War, after the Civil War, on the eve and after World War II. The situation of mechanization of agriculture and the transition to intensive produc-tion and supply by defense consumers with the transition to the first green revolution and the inten-sive development of animal husbandry with the Italian technology of megacomplexes of pig and poultry farming with the import of corn to feed them are considered. The balance of feed is practically not achieved due to the intensive export of cereals, mainly wheat, corn and soybeans abroad. The increase in the production of various grain crops is currently possible only due to the transition to intensification of their production, the introduction of biomineral fertilizers in the framework of the second green revolution and the consideration of the prospects of digital information and communication technologies in the development of the digital economy.

Microvascular response to blockade of prostaglandin synthesis in rat skeletal muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. H51-H60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Faber ◽  
P. D. Harris ◽  
I. G. Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Local Blood Flow ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Microvascular Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Arteriolar Tone ◽  
Arteriolar Diameter

The contribution of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) to the control of arteriolar diameter in the microcirculation is incompletely defied and has only been studied in drug-anesthetized animals. To test the possibility that endogenous PGs are tonically released to exert a net dilator influence at certain levels in the microcirculation, television microscopy was used to quantitate the arteriolar responses in the rat cremaster muscle to local blockade of PG synthesis with indomethacin. Rats were decerebrated by a midcollicular transection and were allowed to recover from surgical anesthesia. The cremaster muscle with intact circulation and innervation was suspended by sutures in a temperature-controlled Krebs bath. Diameters, vasomotion frequency, and vasomotion amplitude of arterioles at several anatomic levels were measured before and after local inhibition of PG synthesis in the presence and absence of alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. Inhibition of PG synthesis produced marked constriction (42-66% of control) at all arteriolar levels, with greater responses occurring in the smaller arterioles. PG synthesis blockade increased vasomotion frequency in arterioles that exhibited spontaneous vasomotion during control periods, and blockade induced vasomotion in vessels lacking spontaneous vasomotion. Pretreatment with phentolamine significantly attenuated the constriction and augmentation of vasomotion. These data indicate that dilator PGs participate in the moment-to-moment regulation of arteriolar tone and local blood flow in skeletal muscle. Further, their mechanism of action may involve alterations in neuronal norepinephrine release or alpha-receptor sensitivity.

scholarly journals Moment-Curvature Behaviors of Concrete Beams Singly Reinforced by Steel-FRP Composite Bars

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyang Sun ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wenlong Yan ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Xiaoyuan He
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Frp Bar ◽  
Deformation Ability ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
The Moment

A steel-fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bar (SFCB) is a kind of rebar with inner steel bar wrapped by FRP, which can achieve a better anticorrosion performance than that of ordinary steel bar. The high ultimate strength of FRP can also provide a significant increase in load bearing capacity. Based on the adequate simulation of the load-displacement behaviors of concrete beams reinforced by SFCBs, a parametric analysis of the moment-curvature behaviors of concrete beams that are singly reinforced by SFCB was conducted. The critical reinforcement ratio for differentiating the beam’s failure mode was presented, and the concept of the maximum possible peak curvature (MPPC) was proposed. After the ultimate curvature reached MPPC, it decreased with an increase in the postyield stiffness ratio (rsf), and the theoretical calculation method about the curvatures before and after the MPPC was derived. The influence of the reinforcement ratio, effective depth, and FRP ultimate strain on the ultimate point was studied by the dimensionless moment and curvature. By calculating the envelope area under the moment-curvature curve, the energy ductility index can obtain a balance between the bearing capacity and the deformation ability. This paper can provide a reference for the design of concrete beams that are reinforced by SFCB or hybrid steel bar/FRP bar.

Post-Colonialism and Contemporary Hong Kong Theatre: Two Case Studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (56) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Yun Tong Luk
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Joint Declaration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Special Case

The case of Hong Kong – acquired by the British under treaty, and restored to Chinese sovereignty in what some perceived as merely a shift from colonial to neo-colonial rule – always seemed a special case in the debate over post-colonialism. In NTQ53 (February 1998) Frank Bren looked primarily from an artistic and administrative viewpoint at the connections between film and theatre in the former colony: in the article which follows, Yun Tong Luk explores the social and cultural significance of two influential local productions, staged almost a decade apart – one, We're Hong Kong, shortly after the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984, the other; Tales of the Walled City, coinciding with the moment of Hong Kong's reversion to Chinese rule. He points out the uniqueness of post-colonial experience in the territory, and examines the ambivalent attitudes of the Hong Kong people before and after the change of sovereignty.

scholarly journals Mood and force in defeasible arguments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ryan Phillip Quandt ◽  
John Licato
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Argumentation Schemes ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Grammatical Mood ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Precise Theory

Argumentation schemes bring artificial intelligence into day to day conversation. Interpreting the force of an utterance, be it an assertion, command, or question, remains a task for achieving this goal. But it is not an easy task. An interpretation of force depends on a speaker’s use of words for a hearer at the moment of utterance. Ascribing force relies on grammatical mood, though not in a straightforward or regular way. We face a dilemma: on one hand, deciding force requires an understanding of the speaker’s words; on the other hand, word meaning may shift given the force in which the words are spoken. A precise theory of how mood and force relate helps us handle this dilemma, which, if met, expands the use of argumentation schemes in language processing. Yet, as our analysis shows, force is an inconstant variable, one that contributes to a scheme’s defeasibility. We propose using critical questions to help us decide the force of utterances.

scholarly journals Stochastic Model for In-Host HIV Dynamics with Therapeutic Intervention

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waema R. Mbogo ◽  
Livingstone S. Luboobi ◽  
John W. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Probability Generating Function ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Intracellular Delay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Moment

Untangling the dynamics between HIV and CD4 cellular populations and molecular interactions can be used to investigate the effective points of interventions in the HIV life cycle. With that in mind, we propose and show the usefulness of a stochastic approach towards modeling HIV and CD4 cells’ dynamics in vivo by obtaining probability generating function, the moment structures of the healthy CD4 cell and the virus particles at any time t, and the probability of HIV clearance. The unique feature is that both therapy and the intracellular delay are incorporated into the model. Our analysis shows that, when it is assumed that the drug is not completely effective as is the case of HIV in vivo, the probability of HIV clearance depends on two factors: the combination of drug efficacy and length of the intracellular delay and also the education of the infected patients. Comparing simulated data before and after treatment indicates the importance of combined therapeutic intervention and intracellular delay in having low, undetectable viral load in HIV-infected person.

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