scholarly journals Livsmanualernes popularitet – Hvorfor Covey’s vaneparadigme blev populært i 1990’erne

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Christian Olaf Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Rhetorical Vision ◽  
American Intellectual

This article examines the popularity of Stephen Covey’s theory of selfmanagement and habits. It argues that changes in the economic context have been decisive for the recent renaissance of a character ethic. The article locates Covey’s theory in its American intellectual and economic context, arguing that especially Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography and Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy constitute key influences on Covey’s work. Covey articulates a seducing rhetorical vision of personal and organisational growth. It fits well into a neo-liberal political and economic context in which individual responsibility is stressed. However, critics rightfully argue that it has little to say about structural problems of social and economic systems, and that it exaggerates individuals’ capabilities.

scholarly journals Socio-economically Substantiated Education for Sustainable Development: Development of Competencies and Value Orientations Between Individual Responsibility and Structural Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schank ◽  
Marco Rieckmann
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Development Of Competencies

In this article, the concept of education for sustainable development is substantiated and expanded upon from a socio-economic perspective. Incorporating the concept of the economic citizen, we present the liberal republican civic ethos, moral judgement, decision-making capabilities and key competencies relevant for sustainability together with an informed understanding of economic context as constitutive elements of the educational concept. Against the backdrop of the limited reach of individual behavioural changes and the necessary reflections on structural questions, a heuristic of shared responsibility for sustainable development will be devised.

A flawed revolution? Interrogating the Transforming Rehabilitation changes in England and Wales through the prism of a Community Justice Court

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Jill Annison ◽  
Tim Auburn ◽  
Daniel Gilling ◽  
Gisella Hanley Santos
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Community Justice ◽  
Therapeutic Justice ◽  
Complex Picture

This chapter investigates changes that have taken place in the recent past in relation to interventions with adult offenders in England and Wales, particularly in the context of the application of risk technologies and the increasingly managerial and market-driven set of arrangements. This review draws on criminological frameworks which examine such neo-liberal penal reforms, where social problems have been reframed as crime problems and where the application of the political policy of austerity has brought about the fragmentation and reduction of local services. Quantitative and qualitative data from a 2-year ESRC-funded research project are presented to illustrate and analyse the situations regarding ‘low-level’ offenders, whose cases were heard in a Community Justice Court in a large city in England. Detailed examination of this data reveals a complex picture of offending patterns, social issues and the pre-existing involvement of a wide range of statutory and third-sector agencies, even for many deemed ‘low-risk’ offenders. In many of these cases pathways out of crime seemed elusive, with rehabilitative interventions being framed in terms of penal narratives which emphasised individual responsibility and which denied wider structural problems. This critique raises concerns about the implications and consequences of these issues, particularly in relation to the widescale changes that were brought about by the Transforming Rehabilitation agenda. It argues that for constructive and effective interventions to take place in the field of community sanctions, including the therapeutic justice approach explored here, social justice and a more holistic approach to rehabilitation need to be (re)placed as central pillars of the criminal justice system.

scholarly journals Becoming Job-Ready? Narratives of Local Welfare-to-Work Programs and Client Experiences Across Differing Economic Contexts in California

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942110484
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Lanfranconi ◽  
Aditi Das ◽  
Joy Subaran ◽  
Patricia Malagon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Welfare To Work ◽  
Client Characteristics ◽  
Client Experiences ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Individual Client ◽  
Organizational Narratives ◽  
The Individual

Previous research on welfare-to-work exits has focused on individual client characteristics rather than local economic contexts. Drawing on a qualitative comparative case study design, this study enhances our understanding on how welfare-to-work organizational narratives and client experiences of becoming job-ready are shaped across two different economic contexts. In the disadvantaged economic context, a punitive welfare-to-work narrative is operational resulting in clients accepting precarious work. In the more privileged economic context, the individual responsibility narrative dominates as clients struggle to make ends meet. Our findings highlight how regional economic factors shape organizational narratives and impel clients to accept precarious low wage working conditions and unstable housing. Thus, there is a need for alternatives to welfare-to-work, such as unconditional, Universal Basic Income.

scholarly journals Bioethical Guidelines of 'Extreme Triage' Under Covid: The Question of 'Possible Lives' in Latin America

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434-1437
Author(s):  
Abril Saldaña-Tejeda
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Individual Choices

The essay briefly looks into the bioethical guide of extreme triage and resource allocation based on known co-morbidities (i.e., obesity, hypertension, and diabetes). I invite to reflect upon how a focus on individual responsibility under COVID-19 occludes major structural problems while silencing the social factors behind the heath disaster that we are witnessing today. The essay argues that chronic diseases are not merely the result of genetic makeup or individual choices but are instead profoundly linked to poverty, systemic racism, structural violence, and lack of care. Debates on extreme triage guidelines and resource allocation illuminate a series of ethical shortcomings that preexisted COVID-19. Even if guidelines clearly state that criteria such as race, gender, or class will not be taken into account when deciding how to allocate limited medical resources, these categories are deeply linked to health disparities, and therefore, on people’s possibilities of surviving the pandemic.

scholarly journals Not anointing, but justice? A critical reflection on the anointing of Pentecostal prophets in a context of economic injustice

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collium Banda
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Economic Injustice

To what extent does the anointing of the Pentecostal prophets provide a meaningful way of responding to poverty in an unjust economic context? Using Zimbabwe as a case study, this article critically evaluates the growing reliance on the anointing of the Pentecostal prophets by many poor people as a way of responding to their economic poverty. The practice is considered to provide miraculous power to pave the way for a desired economic outcome. The article highlights that many people turn to the anointing of Pentecostal prophets as a form of spiritualised activism against unjust economic forces in the country. The article proposes that rather than anointing, seeking justice should be the adopted means of responding to unjust economic systems. It examines aspects that should inform the church’s quest for economic justice.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study relates to the disciplines of systematic theology, public theology and sociology of religion by calling on Christians to allow other disciplines to inform their desire to eradicate poverty.

scholarly journals Perspektif dan Peran Sosiologi Ekonomi dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Masyarakat

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ketut Gede Mudiarta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Sociology ◽  
National Development ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
National Economic ◽  
New Thinking

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Economic sociology is a sociological perspective that explains economic phenomena, mainly related to aspects of production, distribution, exchange, consumption of goods, services, and resources, aiming at improving people’s welfare. Contribution of the sub-discipline of economic sociology improves along with the various socio-economic problems in the society both in developed and developing countries where they try to improve people’s welfare through its development programs. Progress of economic sociology cannot be separated from the ideas of classical sociology and new thinking in economic sociology since 1980s. Economic sociology studies in Indonesia showed that most of the studies are directed toward on how the community alleviates poverty. Currently, economic sociology studies social capital, as well as structural problems, institutional and national economic systems associated with welfare. The said national economic system is in accordance with the country’s constitution. On the other hand, the impacts of national development are also the focus of the studies since the development policies have not been able to realize a welfare society and inclusiveness in national development. It is based on the construction of the welfare state model with the main indicator of relatively equal development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sosiologi Ekonomi merupakan  perspektif sosiologis yang menjelaskan fenomena ekonomi, terutama terkait  dengan aspek produksi, distribusi, pertukaran, konsumsi barang, jasa, dan  sumber daya, yang bermuara pada bagaimana masyarakat mencapai kesejahteraan. Sosiologi Ekonomi menunjukkan perkembangan yang eksplosif sejalan dengan berbagai permasalah sosial ekonomi masyarakat, baik di negara-negara maju maupun di negara-negara berkembang yang sedang berupaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya melalui berbagai kebijakan pembangunan. Perkembangan studi Sosiologi Ekonomi tidak terlepas dari pengaruh pemikiran tokoh sosiologi klasik dan aliran pemikiran baru dalam sosiologi ekonomi sejak dekade 1980-an. Hasil kajian eksploratif yang pada tulisan ini melalui penelusuran atas perkembangan studi Sosiologi Ekonomi di Indonesia, menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar studi diarahkan kepada bagaimana masyarakat memenuhi kebutuhan dan mencapai kemakmuran atau kesejahteraan yang erat kaitannya dengan masalah kemiskinan.  Saat ini studi Sosiologi Ekonomi lebih marak menganalisis tentang kapital sosial, serta masalah struktur, kelembagaan dan sistem ekonomi nasional dikaitkan dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Sistem ekonomi nasional yang dimaksud adalah yang sejalan amanat konsititusi kita. Pada sisi lain, dampak pembangunan nasional terutama sejak masa orde baru juga banyak diteliti mengingat kebijakan pembangunan dinilai  belum mampu menciptakan kesejahteraan masyarakat, bahkan terkesan belum berhasil menciptakan inklusifitas dalam pembangunan nasional, berlandaskan pembangunan model  negara kesejahteraan (MNK) dengan indikator utama  berupa “pemerataan” pembangunan.</p>

Is adjustment to retirement an individual responsibility? Socio-contextual conditions and options available to retired persons: the Korean perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNJEONG YANG
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Limited Choice

ABSTRACTAlthough the socio-economic and structural contexts of retirement have been the subject of previous research, few studies state explicitly how societal ageism and structural constraints obstruct retired persons' choices or options available in post-retirement life. This study attempts to contribute to the literature of ageing, retirement, and wellbeing in later life in general, by providing real examples of ageism around the time of retirement as structural constraints of old persons. It also illustrates how they consequently reduce the choices of retired persons, and in turn affect their later life. The study draws on data from interviews with 34 retirees aged in their late fifties and sixties in Korea. Within the socio-economic context of ageism around the time of retirement, four options/strategies appear to be available; namely reconciling, complaining and not knowing what to do, finding roles in other activities, and disengaging. Older persons' decisions to continue to work after retirement are often reconciling ones, that is, taken within a context of limited choice and control. Permanent leavers' decisions not to work are also influenced by the limited quality of work available in the labour market. The study concludes by arguing that policies for older persons should take into consideration their diverse expectations and aspirations for their later life, but, at the same time, should remain aware of their constraints within socio-economic contexts.

Profit or Exploitation? The Production of Private Ramesside Tombs Within the West Theban Funerary Economy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathlyn Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Ancient Texts

AbstractExisting economic models for Egyptian craft activity are currently dominated by theories of state redistribution, to the extent that market driven economic systems, as evidenced in the ancient texts themselves, may have been overlooked. This article examines New Kingdom textual material from western Thebes, reconsidering how private tomb production might fit updated economic models – models that allow for private sector, pre-modern and pre-capitalist market activity within any redistributive state economic context.

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