scholarly journals Normative og metodiske vinkler på "arbejde" som et sundhedsøkonomisk begreb

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Brock ◽  
Bo Allesøe Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Positioning Theory ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Capability Approach

This paper begins by recounting important phases in the development of the concept of labour. Then the Capability Approach to welfare economy, by Amartya Sen, is presented as is the direction of socio-psychology called Positioning Theory. Accordingly, the paper advocates a way in which to assess the economy of health programs as a cornerstone within Public Health Strategies to the effect that the concept of labour is important in this context. All way through, the paper examines the inescapable gap between a professionalized authoritative viewpoint on labour and an authentic perspective thereupon.

scholarly journals The capabilities and human rights of high performance athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adams ◽  
Emma Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Capability Approach

High performance athletes participate and function in sports systems where exploitative behaviours may become manifest. These behaviours potentially violate an individual athlete’s human rights. Using the Capability Approach first outlined by Amartya Sen the paper details how a more precise analysis of human rights, in the context of high performance sport, may be achieved. Using in-depth narrative accounts from high performance athletes, data illustrate how athlete maltreatment is related to individual capabilities and functionings: the loss of individual freedoms infringes accepted notions of human rights. The implications for practice concern how human rights may be protected within and for systems of high performance production.

Well-Being, Adaptation and Human Limitations*

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozaffar Qizilbash
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Martha Nussbaum ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Reliable Basis ◽  
The Capability Approach

Philosophical accounts of human well-being face a number of significant challenges. In this paper, I shall be primarily concerned with one of these. It relates to the possibility, noted by Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen amongst others, that people’s desires and attitudes are malleable and can ‘adapt’ in various ways to the straitened circumstances in which they live. If attitudes or desires adapt in this way it can be argued that the relevant desires or attitudes fail to provide a reliable basis for evaluating well-being. This is, what I shall call the ‘adaptation problem’. Nussbaum and Sen have—in different ways used this argument to motivate their versions of the ‘capability approach’. However, questions remain about the implications of adaptation for philosophical accounts of well-being.

scholarly journals 2019冠狀病毒病疫情下的道德議題的初步哲學探索

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Benedict S. B. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
The Capability Approach

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在2019冠狀病毒疫情之下，至少有兩個公共術生政策的道德議題變得異常重要。第一，現時有不少爭議是關於這些抗疫政策與個人自由的衡突。這是很典型的公共善與個人自由衡突的道德爭論，但疫情令這樣的衡突成為直接而迫切的顧慮。第 二，這個世界在疫情之前已有很多嚴重的不平等問題，但現在有些防疫政策令社會的不平等變得更為嚴重。儘管本文不會為這兩個道德議題給予肯定的解答，但會集中探究在討論這些道德議題的跨學科辯論中，應該用到甚麽道德推論和基礎，並會 詳細解釋以下幾個重要理念。第一，作者會論證，衛生道德人權的理念並不能充分地成為解決這些問題的道德基礎。第二， 不純粹用到權利進路的話，作者會論證應該用到阿馬蒂亞.森的後果評價和能力進路作為道德推論和基礎。第三，這兩個由森提出的理念可以把不同的道德理論和傳統與公共衛生議題連繫起來。作者會以儒家為道德傳統的例子，論證如何以後果 評價、能力進路和儒家當中的一些理念與價值，以此提出一些可能方向，去處理上述兩個道德議題。At least two moral issues of some public health policies have become significant in the COVID-19 pandemic. First, it is arguable that some policies to address the present pandemic conflict with individual freedom. This is a typical moral debate between public good and individual freedom, but the COVID-19 pandemic has made this conflict a more immediate and urgent concern. Second, the world had serious inequality problems prior to the pandemic, and some of the new public health policies have caused more severe social inequalities. Instead of providing definitive answers to these two moral issues, this paper focuses on what types of moral reasoning and foundation should be used in the interdisciplinary debates around these problems. Several ideas are discussed in detail. First, the author argues that the idea of moral human rights to health is not a sufficient moral foundation to solve these problems. Second, the author argues that in addition to the right talk, we should use Amartya Sen’s consequential evaluation and the capability approach as the foundation and moral reasoning. Third, the author argues that these two ideas from Sen can connect different moral traditions with public health issues. The author uses Confucianism as an example of a moral tradition, and argues for possible directions to address the moral issues using ideas and values from consequential evaluation, the capability approach, and Confucianism.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 60 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Approccio delle capacitŕ e sociologia economica: un matrimonio vincente per lo studio delle politiche

2009 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Gianluca Busilacchi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Economic Sociology ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
The Capability Approach

- Over the last year the capability approach has been widely used by social scientist. Its success is mainly due to the richness of its theoretical framework and the possibility to enrich the interdisciplinary researches also at the empirical level. However the empirical applications in the field of public policy, especially social policy, are still very limited: what is the reason? And which is the role of economic sociology in contributing to the analysis of social policy endorsing the capability approach? The first part of the paper concerns the explanation of the theoretical framework of the capability approach, through an analysis of its main concepts and empirical applications. Then we will try to see why the capability approach can be especially used by economic sociology, and why this social science can be enriched by the capability approach to analyse social policy with a richer toolbox.Keywords: social policy, capability approach, economic sociology, public policy, Amartya Sen, poverty

Capability Deprivation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Hick ◽  
Tania Burchardt
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Current State ◽  
Capability Deprivation ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Capability Approach

This article examines capability deprivation as the basis for analyzing poverty. The capability approach, developed initially by Amartya Sen, questions the “informational space” on which considerations of poverty, inequality, justice, and so forth, should be based. According to the capability approach, the appropriate “space” for analyzing poverty is not what people have, nor how they feel, but what they can do and be. After providing an overview of the concepts that comprise the capability approach, this article discusses three key questions within the literature regarding the nature of the approach, namely: the question of functioning and/or capabilities, the question of a capability list, and the question of aggregation. It also describes some prominent empirical applications that have been inspired by the capability approach and concludes with an assessment of the current state-of-the-art literature on the capability approach.

Global inequities and healthcare disparities: can they be eliminated ethically?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengameh Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Healthcare Disparities ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Free Banking ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Capability Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively explore and propose solutions to global economic inequities and disparities, with a particular focus on healthcare. This paper also aims to explore whether drastic reductions of inequality are justified in terms of conventional economic theory, and whether ending inequality can be viewed as ethical through certain lenses. Design/methodology/approach To seek the response to those questions, the paper uses Pareto optimality; Hicks–Kaldor model; Millian utilitarianism; the ethical theories developed by John Rawls in his 1971 work on ethics as well as his 1999 Law of People; and the capability approach developed by Noble Laureate economists Amartya Sen. As demonstrated, those equalizing works cannot support a policy that would advocate an end to global inequities. Those theories also propose no practical solutions for the end of those extreme inequities. Thus, the paper attempts to present other solutions. Findings This paper discusses two theories that are very helpful in supporting those without much wealth. Mohammad Yunus’ Grameen Bank and its provision of small free-interest loans to poor businesses (in particular women) in Bangladesh has been very successful. Another alternative advocating interest-free banking that was proposed by the proponents of binary economics is discussed. Originality/value The author believes the arguments used to support the theses of this paper be unique and novel.

scholarly journals Walking for Transportation: What Do U.S. Adults Think Is a Reasonable Distance and Time?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (s1) ◽  
pp. S53-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Watson ◽  
Susan A. Carlson ◽  
Tiffany Humbert-Rico ◽  
Dianna D. Carroll ◽  
Janet E. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Walking For Transportation

Background:Less than one-third of U.S. adults walk for transportation. Public health strategies to increase transportation walking would benefit from knowing what adults think is a reasonable distance to walk. Our purpose was to determine 1) what adults think is a reasonable distance and amount of time to walk and 2) whether there were differences in minutes spent transportation walking by what adults think is reasonable.Methods:Analyses used a cross-sectional nationwide adult sample (n = 3653) participating in the 2010 Summer ConsumerStyles mail survey.Results:Most adults (> 90%) think transportation walking is reasonable. However, less than half (43%) think walking a mile or more or for 20 minutes or more is reasonable. What adults think is reasonable is similar across most demographic subgroups, except for older adults (≥ 65 years) who think shorter distances and times are reasonable. Trend analysis that adjust for demographic characteristics indicates adults who think longer distances and times are reasonable walk more.Conclusions:Walking for short distances is acceptable to most U.S. adults. Public health programs designed to encourage longer distance trips may wish to improve supports for transportation walking to make walking longer distances seem easier and more acceptable to most U.S. adults.

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