Impediments to the Actualization of Legislation on Local Brew in Kenya: a Study within the Kenya-Uganda Border Community, Busia County

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common complication of pregnancy and a global public health concern. Even though PPH risk factors were extensively studied and reported in literature, almost all studies were conducted in non-Asian countries or tertiary care centers. Our study aimed to explore relevant risk factors for PPH among pregnant women who underwent transvaginal delivery at a Thai–Myanmar border community hospital in Northern Thailand. An exploratory nested case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for PPH. Women who delivered transvaginal births at Maesai hospital from 2014 to 2018 were included. Two PPH definitions were used, which were ≥ 500 mL and 1000 mL of estimated blood loss within 24 h after delivery. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for PPH and severe PPH. Of 4774 women with vaginal births, there were 265 (5.55%) PPH cases. Eight factors were identified as independent predictors for PPH and severe PPH: elderly pregnancy, minority groups, nulliparous, previous PPH history, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, requiring manual removal of placenta, labor augmentation, and fetal weight > 4000 gm. Apart from clinical factors, particular attention should be given to pregnant women who were minority groups as PPH risk significantly increased in this population.

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“No Entry into New South Wales”: COVID-19 and the Historic and Contemporary Trajectories of the Effects of Border Closures on an Australian Cross-Border Community

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 610

Author(s):

Dirk H. R. Spennemann

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Economic Impact ◽

New South ◽

Community Integration ◽

New South Wales ◽

The State ◽

Cross Border ◽

Health Measures ◽

Border Community ◽

South Wales

Given its intensity, rapid spread, geographic reach and multiple waves of infections, the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020/21 became a major global disruptor with a truly cross-sectoral impact, surpassing even the 1918/19 influenza epidemic. Public health measures designed to contain the spread of the disease saw the cessation of international travel as well as the establishment of border closures between and within countries. The social and economic impact was considerable. This paper examines the effects of the public health measures of “ring-fencing” and of prolonged closures of the state border between New South Wales and Victoria (Australia), placing the events of 2020/21 into the context of the historic and contemporary trajectories of the border between the two states. It shows that while border closures as public-health measures had occurred in the past, their social and economic impact had been comparatively negligible due to low cross-border community integration. Concerted efforts since the mid-1970s have led to effective and close integration of employment and services, with over a quarter of the resident population of the two border towns commuting daily across the state lines. As a result, border closures and state-based lockdown directives caused significant social disruption and considerable economic cost to families and the community as a whole. One of the lessons of the 2020/21 pandemic will be to either re-evaluate the wisdom of a close social and economic integration of border communities, which would be a backwards step, or to future-proof these communities by developing strategies, effectively public health management plans, to avoid a repeat when the next pandemic strikes.

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“Under Two Jurisdictions”: Immigration, Citizenship, and Self-Governance in Cross-Border Community Relocations

Law and History Review ◽

10.1017/s0738248016000055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 281-333

Author(s):

Jane McAdam

Keyword(s):

Cross Border ◽

Border Community ◽

Younger Generation

The governments of Kiribati and Fiji “should make every effort to minimise the difficulties of and inconveniences to this community which finds itself under two jurisdictions.”Our younger generation have been taught that they also have another home. There are still two homes. That's their roots. That's where they belong.

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Mexican-Origin Women’s Construction and Navigation of Racialized Identities: Implications for Health Amidst Restrictive Immigrant Policies

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law ◽

10.1215/03616878-9518665 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alana M. W. LeBrón ◽

Amy J. Schulz ◽

Cindy Gamboa ◽

Angela Reyes ◽

Edna Viruell-Fuentes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Mexican Origin ◽

Institutional Agents ◽

Immigrant Identity ◽

Border Community ◽

Access To Health ◽

Northern Border ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Immigrant Policies ◽

Post Industrial

Abstract This study examines how Mexican-origin women construct and navigate racialized identities in a post-industrial northern border community during a period of prolonged restrictive immigration and immigrant policies, and considers mechanisms by which responses to racialization may shape health. This grounded theory analysis involves interviews with 48 Mexican-origin women in Detroit, Michigan, who identified as being in the first, 1.5, or second immigrant generation. In response to institutions and institutional agents using racializing markers to assess their legal status and policing access to health-promoting resources, women engaged in a range of strategies to resist being constructed as an “other.” Women used the same racializing markers or symbols of (il)legality that had been used against them as a malleable set of resources to resist processes of racialization and form, preserve, and affirm their identities. These responses include constructing an authorized immigrant identity, engaging in immigration advocacy, and resisting stigmatizing labels. These strategies may have different implications for health over time. Findings indicate the importance of addressing policies that promulgate or exacerbate racialization of Mexican-origin communities and other communities who experience growth through migration. Such policies include creating pathways to legalization and access to resources that have been actively invoked in racialization processes such as state-issued driver’s licenses.

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Investigating US-Mexico Border Community Vulnerability to Industrial Hazards: A Simulation Study in Ambos Nogales

Cartography and Geographic Information Science ◽

10.1559/152304099782294195 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 243-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark V. Finco ◽

George F. Hepner

Keyword(s):

Simulation Study ◽

Community Vulnerability ◽

Border Community ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Ambos Nogales ◽

Us Mexico Border

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Educational Attainment and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in a Hispanic Border Community: Testing Fundamental Cause Theory

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00623-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Steven D. Barger ◽

Monica R. Lininger ◽

Robert T. Trotter ◽

Heidi A. Wayment ◽

Mimi Mbegbu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Home Ownership ◽

Public And Private ◽

Content Type ◽

Border Community ◽

Fundamental Cause ◽

Fundamental Cause Theory ◽

Education Gradient

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate hypotheses generated by fundamental cause theory regarding the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in colonization with Staphylococcus aureus among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults living in a border community. Participants (n = 613) recruited in naturally occurring small groups at public and private sites throughout Yuma County, AZ, completed a sociodemographic survey and swabbed their palms, noses, and throats to sample microbial flora. Positive S. aureus colonization among non-Hispanic white participants was nominally higher (39.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.4 to 46.1%) than that in Hispanics (31.3%; 95% CI = 26.4 to 36.8%), but there was no education gradient for the sample overall (incidence rate ratio = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.12) or within each ethnic group separately. The education gradient between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites was statistically equivalent. Results were consistent when home ownership was used as the SES indicator. These data show that S. aureus colonization is not linked to two different SES indicators or Hispanic ethnicity. S. aureus colonization may be considered a less preventable health risk that is outside the influence of SES-based resources. IMPORTANCE Unlike some types of S. aureus infections, S. aureus colonization is not associated with ethnicity or educational attainment and thus may be outside the influence of socioeconomic status-based resources typically mobilized to avoid or mitigate preventable health risks. This assessment of a clinically silent risk that usually precedes infections may illustrate a boundary of fundamental cause theory.

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Epistemic Disobedience and Decolonial Healing in Norma Elía Cantú’s Canícula

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia ◽

10.1515/stap-2015-0024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (2-3) ◽

pp. 63-80

Author(s):

Małgorzata Poks

Keyword(s):

Social Space ◽

Political Context ◽

The Other ◽

Border Crossings ◽

Growing Up ◽

Border Community ◽

Line Splitting ◽

Southern Side ◽

The One ◽

The U.S

Abstract Using the U.S.-Mexican border as the place of enunciation, Cantú’s autoethnobiographical novel insists on the materiality of the border, especially for those living on its southern side, while simultaneously deconstructing it as artificial - a line splitting families and assigning nationalities on an arbitrary basis. Being a collage of photographs from the time the writer was growing up in southern Texas and the cuentos inspired by these visuals, Cantú’s Canícula documents how border crossings and re-crossings become symptomatic of living in a liminal space and how they destabilize the concept of nationality as bi-national families must learn to live with ambiguity. On the one hand, there is the undeniable materiality of the border, with its pain, fear, deportations, and other discriminatory practices; on the other, there is a growing border community of resistance cultivating the memory that they are not immigrants, that they lived in Texas before the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty. The paper examines the community’s strategies of survival in the contested cultural and social space and advances the thesis that, giving her community an awareness of its homogeneity and reclaiming its place within the larger socio-political context, Cantú becomes an agent of empowerment and change. She helps decolonize knowledge and being.

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