scholarly journals Factors determining clinical outcomes in intussusception in the developing world: Experience from Johannesburg, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Carapinha ◽  
M Truter ◽  
A Bentley ◽  
A Welthagen ◽  
J Loveland
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Developing World

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Harris
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
The State ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Legal Expertise

This chapter focuses our attention on an unexplained puzzle: how parts of the developing world transitioned from a moment characterized by exclusion from healthcare access (“aristocratic healthcare”) to an altogether different moment characterized by “health universalism.” Grounded in a study of Thailand, Brazil, and South Africa, it highlights the surprising role played by elites from esteemed professions who, rationally speaking, aren’t in need of healthcare or medicine themselves and who would otherwise seem to have little to gain from such policies. The chapter points to the relative success of these “professional movements” in expanding access to healthcare and AIDS treatment in Thailand and Brazil and their relative failure in South Africa. And it draws attention to the importance of holding privileged positions in the state and legal expertise in the respective policy domains during moments of heightened political competition.

The clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes and hypertension in a peri-urban area, Johannesburg, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leisha P. Genade ◽  
Elizabeth M. Webb ◽  
Jacqueline E. Wolvaardt ◽  
Charl Janse Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Derogation of Human Rights in Emergency Situations

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 92-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Green
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Soviet Union

Since Mr. Carter became President of the United States, there bas been a revival in the use of human rights as a weapon in international politics. More and more western countries have stated that they are contemplating measuring the aid they give to members of the developing world in proportion to the extent to which the latter conform to basic humanitarian standards or improve their own record in relation to observance of human rights. In addition, there have been calls for the cancellation of visits by politicians, academics, and artistic performers; for non-participation in international athletic contests — a western adaptation of the African ban of the Montreal Olympic Games because of New Zealand’s participation while the latter’s athletes were not barred from competing in South Africa; for non-participation in technical and scientific conferences; and for the breaking of town-twinning arrangements. This attitude has been fed somewhat by reason of the activities of “Helsinki watchers,” who contend that this or that country, and particularly the Soviet Union, is not living up to its human rights obligations as embodied in the Helsinki Agreement.

scholarly journals Studentification in Bloemfontein, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Ackermann ◽  
Gustav Visser
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Student Housing ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Student Enrolment ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Studentification is a global phenomenon that has been prominent in urban geographical discourse since the large-scale expansion of higher education in the early 1990s. In many developed and developing world countries, expansion in student enrolment has outstripped the ability of institutions of higher learning to provide adequate accommodation. Similar trends have been recorded in South Africa. The task of this paper is to investigate studentification as experienced in one of South Africa’s secondary cities. The paper draws attention to the economic, socio-cultural, and physical characteristics of this form of student housing on host locations. It is argued that studentification holds both positive and negative impacts for the host communities of Bloemfontein. Finally, it is suggested that studentification in South Africa requires greater research attention.

scholarly journals One Long Day in Copenhagen

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Shyam Saran
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Long Day ◽  
India And China ◽  
Negotiation Dynamics ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The Paris Agreement of 2015 was shaped by several rounds of negotiations in decades prior. Events in Copenhagen in 2009 were pivotal in defining negotiation dynamics between developing and developed countries. This chapter offers a vivid first-hand account of the pressures and intricacies of negotiations that year. It describes the uneasy coordination between India and China as they worked to represent the interests of the developing world under the umbrella of the BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India, and China) grouping. It also lays bare the fundamental divergence in interests between the developed and developing worlds. It does so by detailing tense side negotiations on differentiated responsibilities in reducing emissions, the financial commitments of developed countries, and systems for transparent evaluation of commitments.

scholarly journals Studentification in Stellenbosch, South Africa

Urbani izziv ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol Supplement (30) ◽  
pp. 158-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Visser ◽  
Dene Kisting
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Student Enrolment ◽  
Academic Record

Globally, studentification has emerged as a prominent urban process, fast becoming entrenched in geographical discourse. Since the early 1990s, in both developed and developing world countries, an expansion in student enrolment has outstripped the ability of higher education institutions to provide adequate accommodation. These trends have been noted in South Africa too. The extent and impact of studentification on the urban geography of those places in which it has taken root is still poorly understood in both South Africa and the global South at large. This paper investigates studentification as experienced in one of South Africa’s secondary cities – Stellenbosch. An overview of generic studentification impacts is provided and the development of this process tracked. Thereafter, the motivation for living in these developments and the impacts of this process comes into view. It is argued that the areas affected by studentification have fundamentally changed in their physical and social character. Interestingly, a range of findings in the academic record were not present in the Stellenbosch context. Finally, it is suggested that studentification in South Africa requires greater research attention in a range of other urban settings in which this process has emerged. This is particularly urgent as it would appear that studentification can radically and very rapidly transform the geography of the areas in which it takes hold.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna P Reddy ◽  
Kieran P Fitzmaurice ◽  
Justine A Scott ◽  
Guy Harling ◽  
Richard J Lessells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range

Low- and middle-income countries are implementing COVID-19 vaccination strategies in light of varying and uncertain vaccine efficacies and costs, supply shortages, and resource constraints. We used a microsimulation model to evaluate clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of a COVID-19 vaccination program in South Africa. We varied vaccination coverage, pace, acceptance, effectiveness, and cost as well as epidemic dynamics. Providing vaccine to at least 40% of the population and prioritizing accelerated vaccine rollout prevented >9 million infections and >73,000 deaths and reduced costs due to fewer hospitalizations. Further, the vaccination program was cost-saving even at the lowest examined levels of acceptance (50%), effectiveness against infection (20%), effectiveness against symptomatic disease (30%), and effectiveness against severe/critical disease requiring hospitalization (40%), and with vaccination costs of up to USD25/person. In summary, a COVID-19 vaccination program would reduce both deaths and health care costs in South Africa across a wide range of assumptions. Vaccination program implementation factors, including prompt procurement, distribution, and rollout, are likely more influential than characteristics of the vaccine itself in maximizing public health benefits and economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients at Mthatha Regional Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramprakash Kaswa ◽  
Parimalaranie Yogeswaran ◽  
Busisiwe Cawe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Sudden Expansion ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
The Mean

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health crisis that threatens the current health system. The sudden expansion in the need for inpatient and intensive care facilities raised concerns about optimal clinical management and resource allocation. Despite the pressing need for evidence to make context-specific decisions on COVID-19 management, evidence from South Africa remained limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalised patients.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of hospitalised adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 illness at Mthatha Regional Hospital (MRH), Eastern Cape.Results: Of the 1814 patients tested for COVID-19 between 20 March 2020 and 31 July 2020 at MRH, two-thirds (65.4%) were female. About two-thirds (242) of the 392 patients (21.6%) who tested positive for this disease were hospitalised and one-third (150) were quarantined at home. The mean age of the patients tested for COVID-19 was 42.6 years and there was no difference between males and females. The mean age of hospitalised patients was 55.5 years and the mean age of hospitalised patients who died (61.3 years) was much higher than recovered (49.5 years). Overall, 188 (77.6%) hospitalised patients had clinical comorbidity on admission. Diabetes (36.8%) and hypertension (33.1%) were the most common comorbidities amongst COVID-19 hospitalised patients.Conclusion: The majority of the patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 were elderly and had high baseline comorbidities. Advance age and underlying comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension and HIV) were associated with high mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.

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