scholarly journals Pay Knowledge and Referents in a Tiered-Employment Setting

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Martin ◽  
Raymond T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Pay Satisfaction ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Employment Setting

This study examines both the main and the interaction effects of knowledge of the pay structure and social and self pay referents on pay attitudes in a setting with wage andjobduty tiers. Knowledge of the pay structure when hired and expected pay were among the most important predictors of pay fairness and pay satisfaction. The significant interaction effects found across tier levels indicated pay knowledge had a differential impact on pay attitudes. The interaction effects, however, did not support the assumption that the reason attitudes differ among employees on various tier levels is that they use différent referents.

WHEN A SMILE DOES NO GOOD: CREATIVITY REDUCTION AMONG AVOIDANCE- VERSUS APPROACH-ORIENTED INDIVIDUALS IN DYADIC INTERACTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640007 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEN FUJIWARA ◽  
KOSUKE TAKEMURA ◽  
SATOKO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Dyadic Interactions ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Drawing Task

This study examined the influence of others’ smiles on individuals’ creativity. According to popular belief, individuals get motivated to be more creative when others smile at them. In contrast, we hypothesised that smiles would make avoidance-oriented (versus approach-oriented) individuals less creative, as they may lose the motivation to pursue further novelty once they gain social approval, as implied by a smile. Forty-two participants were paired with a same-sex stranger and randomly assigned to the role of either an “illustrator” or a “commentator.” The illustrators performed the Alien Drawing Task and the commentators gave feedbacks regarding the drawing, which were repeated six times and video-recorded. As expected, the results showed significant interaction effects between others’ smiles and avoidance orientation on creativity: participants high in avoidance orientation showed less creativity when others smiled at them. In addition, nodding had the same effect as a smile did, confirming that social approval decreases the creativity of avoidance-oriented individuals.

scholarly journals Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2505
Author(s):  
Hee-Tae Roh ◽  
Su-Youn Cho ◽  
Wi-Young So
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Jump Power

Purpose: Regular exercise can alleviate oxidative stress related to obesity and can induce secretion of myokines that are involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. There are no studies examining changes in these variables as a result of Taekwondo training intervention. We aimed to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on oxidative stress and myokine levels in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: We randomly assigned 20 overweight and obese adolescents to control (control group; CG, n = 10) and experimental (experimental group; EG, n = 10) groups. The EG performed Taekwondo training five times a week for 16 weeks. Physical parameters (height, weight, body mass index (BMI)), physical fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (cardiorespiratory endurance), grip and leg strength (muscular strength), sit-and-reach (flexibility), Sargent jump (power), and stork stand test (balance)) were measured before and after intervention. We measured levels of serum oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and myokines (serum interleukin-15 (IL-15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, and myostatin). Results: The weight and BMI in the EG after intervention were significantly lower and leg strength (muscular strength), sit-and-reach (flexibility), and Sargent jump (power) were significantly improved compared to those of the CG (p < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects in terms of height, VO2 max, grip strength, or stork stand test (p > 0.05). The SOD and BDNF level after intervention were significantly higher in the EG after the intervention, whereas MDA and irisin levels were significantly lower than those of the CG (p < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects in terms of serum IL-15 and myostatin levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Taekwondo training can reduce obesity and increase physical fitness with respect to muscular strength, flexibility, and power as well as alleviate oxidative stress and modulate myokine secretion in adolescents.

Effect of 6 Weeks of n-3 Fatty-Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Judo Athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Filaire ◽  
Alain Massart ◽  
Hugues Portier ◽  
Matthieu Rouveix ◽  
Fatima Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effects of 6 wk of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) supplementation on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in judoists. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or a capsule of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA). Blood samples were collected in preexercise and postexercise conditions (judo-training session), both before and after the supplementation period. The following parameters were analyzed: α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase, maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax) accumulated after the propagation phase, nitric oxide (NO) and malondyaldehide (MDA) concentrations, salivary glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lipid profile. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day dietary record. A significant interaction effect between supplementation and time (p < .01) on triglycerides was noted, with values significantly lower in the n-3 long-chain-PUFA (LCPUFA) group after supplementation than in the placebo group. Significant interaction effects between supplementation and time on resting MDA concentrations and Rmax were found (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively), with elevated values in the n-3 LCPUFA group after supplementation and no change in the placebo group’s levels. The authors observed a significantly greater NO and oxidative-stress increase with exercise (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, and NO) in the n-3 LCPUFA group than with placebo. No main or interaction effects were found for retinol and α-tocopherol. These results indicate that supplementation with n-3 LCPUFAs significantly increased oxidative stress at rest and after a judo-training session.

Effects of Walking on Cigarette Cravings and Affect in the Context of Nesbitt’s Paradox and the Circumplex Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Taylor ◽  
Magdalena Katomeri ◽  
Michael Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cigarette Cravings

The study examined whether walking can mimic the effects of nicotine during temporary abstinence, by eliciting changes in mood and affect and by reducing cravings. In a randomized crossover design, 15 participants did a self-paced 1-mile walk or sat passively on separate days. A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant reduction in desire to smoke during and for up to 20 min following exercise. Further MANOVAs and univariate ANOVAs revealed significant interaction effects for time-by-condition for tension, and affective valence and activation. Walking reduced tension and increased affective valence and activation during and up to 20 min after exercise, but increased activation only at the end of exercise. ANCOVAs revealed that exercise-induced reductions in cravings were mediated through reduced tension. Walking should be recommended for reducing cravings, but further research is needed to understand whether the arousing properties of exercise can help manage cravings.

scholarly journals Examining occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication as moderators of the job insecurity—job performance relationship

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius J König ◽  
Maike E Debus ◽  
Stéphanie Häusler ◽  
Nora Lendenmann ◽  
Martin Kleinmann
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Conservation Of Resources Theory ◽  
Work Locus Of Control

Employees’ performance has been shown to be moderately hampered by job insecurity. Based on conservation of resources theory, the study examines whether three possible resources (occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication) moderate the negative job insecurity—performance relationship. Analyses of a large Swiss dataset reveal two significant interaction effects: the higher the job insecurity, the less influence work locus of control and perceived communication exert on the job insecurity—performance relationship. This suggests that work locus of control and perceived communication may be resources that can only act beneficially in a situation of low job insecurity.

scholarly journals Reducing the risk of athlete burnout: Psychosocial, sociocultural, and individual considerations for coaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Davis ◽  
Andreas Stenling ◽  
Henrik Gustafsson ◽  
Ralph Appleby ◽  
Paul Davis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
Sport Type

Past research suggests that athletes’ relationships with their coach can act as a risk factor in the development of burnout. Coaching practice may be enhanced through understanding the multidimensional factors that can augment the associations between coach–athlete relationship quality and athlete burnout. The present study explored both individual difference characteristics (gender, age, and sport level) and sociocultural factors (sport type) as moderators of this relationship. Our findings show statistically significant interaction effects for gender and age. Coaches and practitioners working with younger athletes and male performers in particular, are advised to work with strategies aiming to build relationships and reduce the risk of burnout.

scholarly journals Can Short Psychological Interventions Affect Educational Performance? Revisiting the Effect of Self-Affirmation Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Serra-Garcia ◽  
Karsten T. Hansen ◽  
Uri Gneezy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
And Gender

Large amounts of resources are spent annually to improve educational achievement and to close the gender gap in sciences with typically very modest effects. In 2010, a 15-min self-affirmation intervention showed a dramatic reduction in this gender gap. We reanalyzed the original data and found several critical problems. First, the self-affirmation hypothesis stated that women’s performance would improve. However, the data showed no improvement for women. There was an interaction effect between self-affirmation and gender caused by a negative effect on men’s performance. Second, the findings were based on covariate-adjusted interaction effects, which imply that self-affirmation reduced the gender gap only for the small sample of men and women who did not differ in the covariates. Third, specification-curve analyses with more than 1,500 possible specifications showed that less than one quarter yielded significant interaction effects and less than 3% showed significant improvements among women.

scholarly journals Investigating Chinese EFL Learners’ Comprehension of English Idioms

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Familiarity Rating ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Idiom Comprehension ◽  
Classroom Activities

This study investigates how Chinese EFL learners’ understanding of English idioms is associated with their judgments of idiom familiarity, transparency. Another factor, context is also explored for its role in idiom comprehension. Results show learners’ familiarity rating is positively correlated with their idiomatic knowledge, transparency rating does not indicate clear correlation; it is easier for learners to understand high-familiar and high-transparent idioms. Context exerts a facilitating role in learners’ interpretation of idioms, and there are significant interaction effects between familiarity and context. The findings provide pedagogical implications for teachers to use classroom activities or exercises to increase learners’ exposure to English idioms.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Early Literacy Program for Students with Significant Developmental Disabilities

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Browder ◽  
Lynn Ahlgrim-Delzell ◽  
Ginevra Courtade ◽  
Susan L. Gibbs ◽  
Claudia Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Literacy Skills ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of a curriculum called the Early Literacy Skills Builder on the language and early literacy skills of students with significant developmental disabilities. Students in the control group received the ongoing sight word and picture instruction prescribed by their individualized education programs. Results indicate statistically significant interaction effects for the treatment group for two research team-designed measures of early literacy (the Nonverbal Literacy Assessment and a pretest/posttest for the experimental curriculum). Significant interaction effects were also found for two standardized measures (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III and Memory for Sentences of the Woodcock Language Proficiency Battery). Implications and future research needs are provided.

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