Effects of Walking on Cigarette Cravings and Affect in the Context of Nesbitt’s Paradox and the Circumplex Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Taylor ◽  
Magdalena Katomeri ◽  
Michael Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cigarette Cravings

The study examined whether walking can mimic the effects of nicotine during temporary abstinence, by eliciting changes in mood and affect and by reducing cravings. In a randomized crossover design, 15 participants did a self-paced 1-mile walk or sat passively on separate days. A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant reduction in desire to smoke during and for up to 20 min following exercise. Further MANOVAs and univariate ANOVAs revealed significant interaction effects for time-by-condition for tension, and affective valence and activation. Walking reduced tension and increased affective valence and activation during and up to 20 min after exercise, but increased activation only at the end of exercise. ANCOVAs revealed that exercise-induced reductions in cravings were mediated through reduced tension. Walking should be recommended for reducing cravings, but further research is needed to understand whether the arousing properties of exercise can help manage cravings.

Effect of 6 Weeks of n-3 Fatty-Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Judo Athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Filaire ◽  
Alain Massart ◽  
Hugues Portier ◽  
Matthieu Rouveix ◽  
Fatima Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effects of 6 wk of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) supplementation on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in judoists. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or a capsule of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA). Blood samples were collected in preexercise and postexercise conditions (judo-training session), both before and after the supplementation period. The following parameters were analyzed: α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase, maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax) accumulated after the propagation phase, nitric oxide (NO) and malondyaldehide (MDA) concentrations, salivary glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lipid profile. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day dietary record. A significant interaction effect between supplementation and time (p < .01) on triglycerides was noted, with values significantly lower in the n-3 long-chain-PUFA (LCPUFA) group after supplementation than in the placebo group. Significant interaction effects between supplementation and time on resting MDA concentrations and Rmax were found (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively), with elevated values in the n-3 LCPUFA group after supplementation and no change in the placebo group’s levels. The authors observed a significantly greater NO and oxidative-stress increase with exercise (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, and NO) in the n-3 LCPUFA group than with placebo. No main or interaction effects were found for retinol and α-tocopherol. These results indicate that supplementation with n-3 LCPUFAs significantly increased oxidative stress at rest and after a judo-training session.

Consistent Immediate Effects of Foot Orthoses on Comfort and Lower Extremity Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mündermann ◽  
Benno M. Nigg ◽  
R. Neil Humble ◽  
Darren J. Stefanyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Over Time

In order to accommodate patients to new foot orthoses over time, two steps are required: The first is to obtain a baseline reading of the immediate effects across several weeks to ensure consistency. The second step is to look at changes with progressively longer wear periods similar to what occurs in general practice. This study addressed the first step. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the baseline reading of the immediate effects of foot orthoses on comfort and lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity is consistent between days. Participants were 21 recreational runners who volunteered for the study. Three orthotic conditions (posting, custom-molding, posting and custom-molding) were compared to a control (flat) insert. Lower extremity kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data were collected for 108 trials per participant and condition in 9 sessions for each person for running at 4 m/s. Comfort for all orthotic conditions was assessed in each session using a visual analog scale. Statistically significant session effects were detected using repeated-measures ANOVA (α = .05). Three of the 93 variables had a significant session effect. A significant interaction between orthotic condition and session was observed for 6 of the 93 variables. The results of this study showed that the effects of foot orthoses on comfort, lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity are consistent across a 3-week period when the wear time for each condition is restricted. Thus, foot orthoses lead to immediate changes in comfort, kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity with limited use. These immediate effects of foot orthoses on comfort, kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity are consistent between days.

scholarly journals Changes in Lung Diffusing Capacity of Elite Artistic Swimmers During Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker García ◽  
Franchek Drobnic ◽  
Victoria Pons ◽  
Ginés Viscor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
National Team ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Single Breath Method

AbstractArtistic swimmers (AS) are exposed to repeated apnoeas in the aquatic environment during high intensity exercise provoking specific physiological responses to training, apnoea, and immersion. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in lung diffusing capacity in AS pre-, mid- and post-training in a combined session of apnoeic swimming, figures and choreography. Eleven elite female AS from the Spanish national team were the study’s participants. The single-breath method was used to measure lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and one-way repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to evaluate the statistical analysis. Basal values of DLCO were higher than normal for their age and height (33.6±4.9 mL·min−1·mmHg−1; 139±19%) and there were a significant interaction between DLCO and AS training (ŋ2 p=0.547). After the apnoeic swimming (mid-training) there was an increase in DLCO from basal to 36.7±7.3 mL·min−1·mmHg−1 (p=0.021), and after the figures and choreography (post-training) there was a decrease compared to mid-training (32.3±4.6 mL·min−1·mmHg−1, p=0.013). Lung diffusing capacity changes occur during AS training, including a large increase after apnoeic swimming. There were no differences in lung diffusing capacity from pre- to post-training, although large inter-individual variability was observed.

Monitoring of Understanding: An Investigation of Good and Poor Readers' Awareness of Induced Miscomprehension of Text

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Garner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Poor Reader ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Good Reader ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Good And Poor Readers

Good and poor junior high readers were directed to process two expository passages as editors. Each passage had been divided into four segments, and in two of the four segments of one passage, material had been altered to introduce inconsistency with the overall message. Comprehension-miscomprehension monitoring was assessed after each segment; the readers were asked to rate each chunk as “very easy to understand,” “ok,” or “difficult to understand,” and to explain instances of the latter two ratings after completion of the entire passage at hand. A material × segment × reader repeated-measures ANOVA revealed numerous significant main and interaction effects. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of data supported the original hypothesis of good reader/poor reader differences in comprehension-miscomprehension monitoring. It seems that good readers noticed the disruptive effect of the altered material and poor readers did not.

scholarly journals Effect of vibration vs non-vibration foam rolling techniques on flexibility, dynamic balance and perceived joint stability after fatigue

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María de Benito ◽  
Raúl Valldecabres ◽  
Diego Ceca ◽  
Jim Richards ◽  
Joaquín Barrachina Igual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Ankle Stability ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background Foam roller and vibration techniques are currently used to assist in recovery after fatigue. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a foam roller with and without vibration on dynamic balance, ankle dorsiflexion, hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility and perceived knee and ankle stability after an induced fatigue protocol. Methods A total of 24 healthy recreationally active participants (17 males and seven females) were recruited to a randomized cross over trial consisting of; no treatment (NT), foam roller treatment (FR) and vibration foam roller treatment (VFR). The assessments included; the Sit & Reach test, Y balance test and post-treatment perceived knee and ankle stability. Measurements were taken after a standardized warm up (baseline) and repeated following an exercise-induced muscle fatigue protocol consisting of repeated lunges until volitional fatigue. The three treatment conditions were assessed on three separate days in a randomized order. A 3 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA was used to investigate differences between the three treatments over the three time points and a one factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine any differences between treatments using the Global Rate of Change scale when considering perceived stability. Results FR and VFR conditions both showed a greater ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) (p < 0.001), greater posteromedial and posterolateral reach distances (p < 0.001) and a better knee and ankle perceived stability (p < 0.001) when compared to the NT condition. A trend toward significance was observed in the hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility (p = 0.074) in both treatment conditions when compared to the NT condition. However, no differences were seen between the FR and VFR conditions. Conclusions Both FR conditions seem to assist in exercise-induced muscle fatigue recovery with improvements in ROM, balance and perceived stability.

Endometrial cancer survivorship in obese patients: A lifestyle intervention program

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5596-5596
Author(s):  
V. E. Von Gruenigen ◽  
S. Waggoner ◽  
H. Gibbons ◽  
M. Kavanagh ◽  
K. Courneya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Exercise Counseling ◽  
Sf 36

5596 Background: The majority of early stage endometrial cancer (EC) survivors are obese, have cardiovascular disease and are at significant risk of death from causes other than cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes at 6 and 12 months in obese EC survivors enrolled in a randomized trial of a nutrition and exercise counseling program. Methods: Patients (pts) with early stage (I or II) EC with a body mass index ≥ 25 diagnosed from 1999–2005 were invited to participate. The intervention (I) group received 6 months of nutritional and exercise counseling while the control (C) group received an informational brochure only. Primary outcome variable was weight loss. Quality of life (QoL) was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and Medical Outcomes Short-form (SF-36) survey. Exercise [leisure score index (LSI)] and eating patterns (quantitative food records) were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 mos. Repeated measures ANOVA and independent samples t-test were used for analysis. A sample size of 50 pts with a type1=0.05 and type 2=0.20 error rate was used to test the hypothesis that pts in the I group would lose weight as compared to the C group. Results: 45 pts were enrolled and 23 were randomized to I and 22 to the C group, stratified by BMI. Baseline QoL was decreased in morbidly obese pts (BMI ≥ 40) as compared to pts with a BMI < 40 (FACT-G: 78.0 vs. 83.7; p=0.140; physical SF-36: 40.6 vs. 49.1 p=0.008). Women in the I group lost weight and increased exercise over the 12 mos as compared to controls ( Table ). Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a borderline significant interaction effect for weight (F=2.7, p=.074) and a significant interaction effect for exercise (F=5.0; p=.005) over time. The I group had lower intake of calories and total fat during the intervention. Conclusions: Obese EC survivors can undergo and maintain positive lifestyle changes. Future studies will examine long-term changes in co-morbidities and mortality. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The Effects of External Bracing on Joint Position Sense Awareness for the Chronically Unstable Ankle

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather D. Hartsell
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

Context:The effect of externally bracing chronically unstable ankles on joint position sense awareness has had limited study yet is clinically relevant.Objective:To determine active joint position sense awareness, effects of bracing, and differences between flexible and semirigid braces.Design:Between-ankle-group (chronic and healthy), repeated-measures, including brace condition for the joint position of 15° inversion from subtalar neutral.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:24 subjects with healthy and 12 with chronically unstable ankles.Main Outcome Measures:Blindfolded subjects attempted to find a passively placedjoint position under conditions of unbraced, flexible, and semirigid braced. A 3-way repeated-measures ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test for significant interaction effects were conducted.Results:Significant main effects were observed for ankle status, brace, and gender, but no significant interaction effects.Conclusion:Chronically unstable ankles have greater error in joint position sense awareness. However, this deficit might be reduced by using an external semirigid brace.

One Size Fits All?

Methodology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Patrick E. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Latent Curve

The use of latent curve models (LCMs) has increased almost exponentially during the last decade. Oftentimes, researchers regard LCM as a “new” method to analyze change with little attention paid to the fact that the technique was originally introduced as an “alternative to standard repeated measures ANOVA and first-order auto-regressive methods” (Meredith & Tisak, 1990, p. 107). In the first part of the paper, this close relationship is reviewed, and it is demonstrated how “traditional” methods, such as the repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA, can be formulated as LCMs. Given that latent curve modeling is essentially a large-sample technique, compared to “traditional” finite-sample approaches, the second part of the paper addresses the question to what degree the more flexible LCMs can actually replace some of the older tests by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, a structural equation modeling alternative to Mauchly’s (1940) test of sphericity is explored. Although “traditional” methods may be expressed as special cases of more general LCMs, we found the equivalence holds only asymptotically. For practical purposes, however, no approach always outperformed the other alternatives in terms of power and type I error, so the best method to be used depends on the situation. We provide detailed recommendations of when to use which method.

Time of imagery’s effect on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colton Haight ◽  
Sandra Moritz ◽  
Tanis Walch
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Physical Effect ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe relationships among the time of imagery use on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players during a hitting task was examined. Participants (n=24) were randomly assigned to one of three imagery conditions: (a) before practice, (b) during practice, (c) after practice. A one-shot MG-M imagery intervention was used. Results from a 3 (imagery group) ×2 (pretest and posttest) repeated measures ANOVA showed only a significant time by imagery group interaction for self-efficacy (F (2, 21)=4.67, p<0.05). These findings suggest that imagery had a stronger psychological effect than physical effect.

scholarly journals Differences in Graphomotor Skills by the Writing Medium and Children’s Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Boram No ◽  
Naya Choi
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Writing Practice ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Factors of graphomotor skills may serve as indicators to determine a writer’s handwriting proficiency or acclimation to different writing surface textures. This study examines differences in children’s graphomotor skills based on types of writing medium and gender. Participants were 97 six-year-old Korean preschool children who had not received formal writing training prior to the study. Writing tasks were completed on a tablet screen and paper. Writing samples were analyzed using the Eye and Pen software to investigate spatial, temporal, and pressure exertion exhibited during the writing tasks. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed differences in graphomotor skills such as print size, writing speed, and writing pressure. Writing on a tablet screen decreased clarity of writing; print size and speed increased as the stylus slides across the tablet surface with relatively less friction, thereby decreasing the exertion of writing pressure. Analysis of writing differences according to gender indicated that boys generated larger print sizes than girls. Results suggest that while simple writing tasks may be feasible on the tablet screen, providing children with a larger writing medium and encouraging larger print sizes for writing practice, especially for boys, may be beneficial in the development of graphomotor skills among young learners.

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