scholarly journals A Comparison of Labour Standards in the United States and Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Block ◽  
Karen Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Closings ◽  
Employment Insurance ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
Covering Minimum

This article introduces a methodology for measuring differences in the labour standards between the United States and Canada, taking into account variations by state and province. This methodology is then used to analyze differences in the two countries on ten labour standards. The results indicate that six standards are higher in Canada than in the United States: paid time off, unemployment/employment Insurance, workers' compensation, collective bargaining, unjust discharge and advance notice of plant closings/large scale layoffs. Standards covering minimum wages, overtime and occupational safety and health are higher in the United States than in Canada. There is no difference in the two countries in standards covering employment discrimination/employment equity. The results suggest that overall, although there are exceptions, labour standards are higher in Canada than the United States.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore F. Schoenborn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Laws ◽  
Mine Health And Safety

It is a pleasure to be here today to speak to you about the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, which is landmark legislation by any measure applied to it. The Act applies to every employer affecting commerce in the United States and its territories which was not covered by other Federal occupational safety and health laws, such as the Metal and Non-metallic Mine Act, the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act and the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. By 1973 a study is to be completed containing recommendations for combining all Federal occupational safety and health programs. Paper published with permission.

Design Recommendations for Controlling the Jam-Clearing Hazard on Recycling Industry Balers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mick ◽  
K. Means ◽  
J. Etherton ◽  
J. Powers ◽  
E. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Design Recommendations ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Safety And Health

Between 1986 and 2002, there were 43 fatalities in the United States to operators of recycling industry balers. Of these fatalities, 29 involved horizontal balers that were baling paper and cardboard (Taylor, 2002). Balers often become jammed while the baling process is occurring, and the only way to remove the jam is manually. This requires an employee to place a limb of their body into the jamming area and remove the material that is causing the jam. While lockout and tagout procedures reduce the risk of hazardous energy being released, they can still be easily bypassed, ignored, or forgotten. Recent efforts to reduce machine-related injury and death involve the development of a control system for these machines that automatically detects hazardous operating conditions and responds accordingly. The system is being developed at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This system, JamAlert, automatically terminates the power to the machine when a jam is detected. JamAlert detects a jam by observing both the strain that is experienced by the shear bar of the baler and the hydraulic pressure at which the ram is operating. The strain that is experienced by the baler shear bar when a jam is initiated was calculated in this study through laboratory testing and finite element modeling. Design recommendations are presented on how best to tune the JamAlert’s operating program to most effectively control the jam-clearing hazard.

IMPACT OF OSHA ON GEOPHYSICAL OPERATIONS

Geophysics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
Frank Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety And Health

The Williams‐Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 has placed new responsibilities on everyone involved in geophysical operations in the United States. This law applies in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and territories under the jurisdiction of the United States. The declared congressional purpose of the act is “to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.”

scholarly journals A Cluster of Acoustic Neuromas in Fish Hatchery Workers

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena H. Page
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Acoustic Neuroma ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Acoustic Neuromas ◽  
Safety And Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to determine if there is a relationship between acoustic neuroma and fish hatchery work. The request was triggered by a report from an FWS employee who suspected the possibility of such an association. Investigators used data provided by the personnel office of the FWS to calculate the incidence of acoustic neuroma among fish hatchery workers, and then to compare it with national rates. Four confirmed cases of acoustic neuroma were found among former fish hatchery workers. The overall incidence was estimated to be 15.41 per 100,000 person-years. This rate is more than 15 times higher than the rate among the general population. Even so, the small number of cases, as well as other factors, preclude the NIOSH from concluding that there is a definite cause-and-effect relationship. Further study is warranted.

Occupational Safety and Health on the U.S.-Mexico Border

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Luis Ramon Mireles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
The North ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
The U.S

A number of trade agreements were adopted in the 1990s that promised economic growth for Mexico. The most significant was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which promotes open trade between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Like WTO, NAFTA focuses on the economic aspects of trade. Occupational safety and health issues were not specifically addressed by NAFTA. Despite the presence of domestic regulatory systems, concerns over working conditions persist on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border and the workforces face similar health problems. The upsurge in trade between the United States and Mexico must be accompanied by an international commitment to occupational safety and health in border areas. If government agencies cannot or will not intervene to reduce rates of workplace injuries and illnesses, civil coalitions must assume this role.

Industrial Hygiene Review of Three Manufacturing Facilities in Senegal: Findings and Key Questions

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Richard M. Lynch ◽  
Ismaila Mbaye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Facilities

An industrial hygiene review was conducted in pesticide, asbestos, and cement manufacturing facilities in Senegal to provide the Senegalese Ministry of Labor with recommendations for improving working conditions. Findings show severe under-reporting of occupational illnesses, and major shortcomings in terms of worker training, personal protective equipment use, emergency planning, and other traditional industrial hygiene controls. Despite these findings, a comparison between observed conditions and the proposed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Safety and Health Program Management standard shows that these companies would probably not be considered grossly non-compliant by U.S. standards, and suggests that strong regulatory enforcement of actual working conditions remains a necessity. This analysis also suggests that compliance with the proposed standard would not in itself assure that such dire shortcomings as were observed could not legally exist here in the United States. Key differences between the political economies of developing nations and the United States suggest that improving working conditions requires a comprehensive planning effort addressing poverty reduction, environmental considerations, and economic growth. Three fundamental questions are proposed which should be addressed to improve working conditions in Senegal.

scholarly journals SOHAM: SEARCHING OUR-OWN HEALTH AFTER MEDICINE By Understanding Physician Mortality Data from The United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Sarwan Kumar ◽  
Shushovan Chakrabortty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Control And Prevention

While SEARCHING OUR-OWN HEALTH AFTER MEDICINE (SOHAM), we as aging physicians have to first explore and expose our mortality with underlying uniqueness of causes for physician mortality. Herein, publicly available data at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from National Occupational Mortality Surveillance program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health comes in handy. As compared to all occupational workers in the United States, intentional self-harm, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and other degenerative disease were more likely causes of death while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diseases of the respiratory system, ischemic heart disease and diseases of the heart were less likely causes of death among physicians in the United States. Summarily, we as physicians may have somewhat overcome sufferings of our lungs and hearts but surrendered to sufferings of our brains and minds and therefore must envisage devising physical, psychological, socioeconomic and spiritual interventions for constantly bettering our living.

Advantages and Limitations of Various Methods Used to Study Occupational Fall Accident Patterns

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 709-709
Author(s):  
H. Harvey Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This paper presents a discussion of over six years of research performed by the author and funded principally by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States. Three major studies have thus far looked at falls on level working surfaces, falls on stairs, and falls from ladders. To a lesser extent, in other studies, falls from other elevated workstations have been looked at. A combination of case history, epidemiologically-based, and experimentally controlled, retrospective and prospective, field study approaches have been used, including: 1. Review of existing injury records, 2. Detailed accident investigations, involving both interviews and site observations, 3. Comprehensive, case-control, retrospective interview and site observation surveys, 4. Prospective longitudinal studies involving both setting up and operating for several years safety and health information systems for specific high risk industries, and 5. Video recorded observations of critical incidents as they actually occurred over extended periods at high risk worksites. Findings to date are discussed in light of the types of data best obtainable from each approach, as well as ergonomics principles for controlling workplace accidents resulting from falls.

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