Hydro Democracy: Water Power and Political Power in Ontario

Drawing on Timothy Mitchell’s Carbon Democracy, and using envirotechnical analysis, we probe how the materiality of energy—public hydropower—influenced democracy and governance in Ontario during the early twentieth century. Within Canada, hydro-electricity disproportionately shaped the politics of Ontario and Canada-US relations during the first half of the century. Within the province, it provided the energy-based affluence that underpinned claims for a liberal and democratic society. But residents experienced the consequences of hydropower unevenly. Urban and industrial residents enjoyed most of the benefits, while rural residents and Indigenous peoples living close to hydro developments endured the burdens of development.

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Province and Nation: The Chekiang Provincial Autonomy Movement, 1917–1927

The Journal of Asian Studies ◽

10.2307/2054434 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 661-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Keith Schoppa

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Political Power ◽

Nation State ◽

National Integration ◽

Life And Death ◽

Administrative Efficiency ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Distribution Of Power ◽

Provincial Autonomy

Humiliated and shaken by the depredations of the imperialist nations, early twentieth-century Chinese leaders sought the establishment of a strong nation-state. Bitter struggles over the means to reach that goal—primarily over the distribution of political power—ended in the demise of the Ch'ing, the defeat of Yuan Shih-k'ai, and the turmoil of the “warlord” period. After Yuan's death in 1916, the dispute over distribution of power thrust into serious consideration the model of a federation for building a nation out of China's disparate regions and interests. Some felt that a federation was perhaps a more effective integrating form than the centralized bureaucratic model the late Ch'ing and Yuan Shih-k'ai had supported. The debate was not new in China. However, during the empire, proponents of centralization (chün-hsien) and decentralization (feng-chien) had been concerned with finding the form that would produce the greatest stability and administrative efficiency; now the Chinese were obsessed with the issue for life-and-death reasons. 2 Rapid national integration seemed imperative for China's survival. In 1901, Liang Ch'i-ch'ao had discussed the possibilities of a Chinese federation; 3 but, until 1916, federalism was effectively submerged by the centralizers. Amid increasing turmoil after Yuan's death, federalism seemed to provide an answer to chaotic instability.

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Woolf’s Feminism

The Oxford Handbook of Virginia Woolf ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198811589.013.20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 310-325

Author(s):

Stephanie J. Brown

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Legal Status ◽

Political Power ◽

Public Perceptions ◽

Married Women ◽

Women's Issues ◽

Three Guineas ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Room Of One's Own ◽

Power Economic

The fullness of Woolf’s engagement with early-twentieth-century feminism has at times been overshadowed by the prominence given A Room of One’s Own, and by longstanding archival obstacles to accessing her extensive work in periodicals. This chapter aims to offer an overview of Woolf’s engagement with British feminism during her lifetime, and to promote a richer conversation about how Woolf’s fiction, journalism, and essays, as well as A Room and Three Guineas, reflect a sustained engagement with, contributions to, and wariness of the feminist concerns of her day. Her responses to women’s suffrage, worker’s rights, the legal status of married women, education, political power, economic parity, and pacifism were unified by her consistent endeavors to draw attention to patriarchy as structuring public perceptions of ‘women’s issues’. (125)

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The Maasai Warriors: pattern maintenance and violence in colonial Kenya

The Journal of African History ◽

10.1017/s0021853700011476 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 271-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Robert L. Tignor

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Structure ◽

Political Power ◽

Small Scale ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

The Government ◽

Road Work

This article attributes early twentieth century Maasai conservatism to the Maasai social structure and in particular to the warrior (moran) age-grade. Modernizing changes meant different things to different groups. To some Maasai elders they meant increased political power and wealth. But to the warriors they constituted a threat to their already declining status and entailed new and onerous obligations like road work. Governmental efforts to transform and modernize the Maasai were met by small-scale warrior rebellions. There were three such uprisings–in 1918, 1922 and 1935. All three were carried out by the warriors in defiance of the wishes of the elders and occurred at times when the government was seeking to alter Maasai society. The 1918 rebellion was over the recruitment of children for school; that of 1922 over attempts to do away with essential features of the moran system; and that of 1935 in opposition to road work. The Maasai warriors were effective resisters of change because of their considerable autonomy within their society and their esprit de corps.

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Theorizing with Hesiod

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190209032.013.52 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Scully ◽

Charles Stocking

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Political Power ◽

Rich Source ◽

Unique Role ◽

History Of Thought ◽

Cultural Paradigm ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

This chapter traces the unique role Hesiodic poetry has played in the history of thought throughout the twentieth century, with a focus on two main areas: Freudian constructs and structuralism. The chapter demonstrates how Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents in the first half of the century parallels key narrative themes from Hesiodic poetry. Freud, however, did not often invoke Hesiod directly in this work, and such lack of conscious reference may be the strongest indication of the influence Hesiodic narrative exerted as a dominant psychological and cultural paradigm in the early twentieth century. Concerning the development of structuralism in the second half of the twentieth century, the chapter discusses how classical scholars, such as Vernant, Detienne, and Pucci, have caused Hesiod to play a key role in broader debates on the relationship among history, structure, and political power in postwar France. Ultimately, the chapter demonstrates how Hesiodic poetry has been and continues to remain a rich source for theorizing the present.

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PERPINDAHAN PENDUDUK DALAM TIGA MASA: KOLONISASI, KOKUMINGGAKARI, DAN TRANSMIGRASI DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG (1905-1979)

Patanjala Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya ◽

10.30959/patanjala.v6i3.164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

M. Halwi Dahlan

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Ethical Policy ◽

Japanese Military ◽

Migration Program ◽

Similar Program ◽

The Republic ◽

The Government

AbstrakKolonisatie adalah program perpindahan penduduk versi pemerintah Hindia Belanda pada awal abad XX. Program migrasi ini awalnya diberi nama Kolonisatieproof dan dijalankan sesuai dengan tuntutan Politik Etis bersama dengan program edukasi dan irigasi. Meski kelihatannya sebagai program yang peduli terhadap perbaikan kondisi masyarakat pribumi, tetapi sejatinya ketiga program tersebut dilaksanakan untuk kepentingan kolonialisme di Hindia Belanda yang telah sekian lama meraup keuntungan sejak masa VOC dan Hindia Belanda. Pada masa pemerintahan militer Jepang juga dilakukan perpindahan penduduk yang disebut kokuminggakari khusus di wilayah Lampung. Penduduk yang dipindahkan ini adalah para rômusha dari Pulau Jawa. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, program perpindahan penduduk ini dilanjutkan dan disebut transmigrasi. Tidak jauh berbeda dengan kolonisasi, sasaran perpindahan penduduk ini adalah dari daerah-daerah yang dianggap padat penduduknya terutama Pulau Jawa ke daerah lain di Indonesia. Khusus Lampung, pelaksanaan perpindahan penduduk ini sangat bernilai karena daerah ini menjadi pionir proyek di tiga masa pemerintahan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tiga peristiwa perpindahan penduduk tersebut disertai perbandingan di antara ketiganya. Penulisan ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan sumber melalui studi kepustakaan dan mengenai dampak yang ditimbulkan dianalisis menggunakan teori integrasi. Abstract In the early twentieth century, the Nederland-Indie government introduced a program Kolonisatie. At the beginning of its implementation, that program was know as Kolonisatieproof. The program is run in accordance with the Ethical Policy along with educational and irrigation program. Although it seems as programs that concerned to the improvement of indigenous peoples, but is actually that programs were implemented for the benefit of the Dutch East Indies's colonialism. In the reign of the Japanese military, migration program also conducted by goverment which known as kokuminggakari, especially in Lampung. The Population which displacement in kokuminggakari's program is the romushas of Java. After the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, this program continued and know as migration and transmigration. In the era of Indonesian independence, the government carried out the similar program with the colonization program. The purpose of this program is to moved the population from the densely region, especially in Java, to moved to other region in Indonesia. In Lampung, the implementation of this migration is very important because the area has become a pioneer project in three periods. The purpose of this research was to describe the migration of three events with a comparison between the three events. This study uses the source collection techniques through the study of literature and the data were analyzed using the theory of integration.

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Caste Politics in Bihar: In Historical Continuum

History and Sociology of South Asia ◽

10.1177/2230807518767968 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 115-136

Author(s):

Rakesh Ankit

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Change ◽

Political Power ◽

The State ◽

Secondary Literature ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Caste Politics ◽

Official Records

This article provides a long-term narrative of movements for social change in Bihar, precipitated by the steady rise to political power by the Backward Classes/Castes in the state, since 1989. Locating this moment in a longer momentum of struggle since the 1920s, it probes the antecedents of recent social change in Bihar politics. Contextualising this process within a long recessional, it traces a larger democratic cycle of empowerment going back to the early twentieth century. The article attempts the historicisation of Bihar politics by drawing upon a variety of sources—from official records to newspapers—and supplementing them with relevant secondary literature.

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Some Polish Composers of To-Day

Tempo ◽

10.1017/s0040298200053596 ◽

1948 ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

Andrzej Panufnik

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Fertile Soil ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Progressive Group ◽

Karol Szymanowski

It is ten years since KAROL SZYMANOWSKI died at fifty-four. He was the most prominent representative of the “radical progressive” group of early twentieth century composers, which we call “Young Poland.” In their manysided and pioneering efforts they prepared the fertile soil on which Poland's present day's music thrives.

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