scholarly journals Microbiological monitoring of seawater and sand of beaches Matinhos, Caiobá e Guaratuba-PR, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaia Andraus ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽  
Jair Alves Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Fluorogenic Substrate ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

This research aimed to verify the health conditions of seawater and beach sand in the beaches of Matinhos, Caiobá and Guaratuba in Paraná, summer 2004/2005. Total Coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococci (ENT) parameters were evaluated. TC, EC, ENT densities were determined by the Multiple Tube Method and estimated by the most probable number (MPN) using, in that order, chromogenic substrate (X-GAL), fluorogenic substrate MUG, and chromogenic substrate (X-GLU). Only the beaches of Matinhos (sampling point MS5) and Guaratuba (sampling point GA6) have shown bathing water quality. Dry sand presented higher contamination than wet sand, 69.4% and 54.2% respectively. Among the indicators, Enterococci was the most restrictive where 51.4% of the water and 100% of the sand (wet and dry) samples were disqualifieda.

Monitoring of E. coli and Enterococci in Lake Michigan Beach Sand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Brett Bevers ◽  
Nabila Nafsin ◽  
Qian Liao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Concentration

<p>Excessive fecal indicator bacteria concentration leads to swimming advisories that are very common to freshwater beaches. To evaluate the concentration and interaction of indicator bacteria in beach sand and water and to examine the factors that affect bacteria concentration, a study was undertaken at Bradford beach, Milwaukee county on the shore of Lake Michigan. In this research, results from monitoring of E. coli and Enterococci in sand and water from Lake Michigan beach were presented. Bacteria counts were obtained using the IDEXX Most Probable Number (MPN) method. An attempt was made to establish a direct ratio of bacteria counts between the two most common eluents used to detach bacteria from sand, i.e., deionized water (DI) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The beach sand bacteria count was analyzed using the EPA CANARY event detection software to identify the onset of periods of anomalous water quality. Analysis of beach sand from this study show that for E. coli, it may be possible to establish a relationship between the results generated using two eluents. Results from the model indicates that sand can be a better potential reservoir for indicator bacteria survival than water as a source. The results also show that CANARY may be useful as an early warning system for monitoring beach contamination and may help to identify any abnormal condition very quickly. Also, in this study, the factors that contributed to the high concentration of bacteria resulting in abnormal water quality events are examined which are the impact of Algae in beach water sample and the rainfall effect during the overall month of sampling duration. CANARY software can best indicate the impact of the presence of Algae on bacteria concentration. The analysis of rainfall effect on bacteria concentration was done using statistical software by determining the significance (p-value) between the seasonal mean concentration of E. coli and the mean concentration of E. coli during the sampling duration and from the analyses it is evaluated that rainfall does affect the bacteria concentration. Moreover, the correlation coefficient indicates greater impact of rainfall event on bacteria concentration relative to the presence of Algae level. Regression analysis was also done to estimate the best model that describes the relation between E. coli and water temperature resulting in weak negative linear relationship between the variables.</p>

scholarly journals Microbiological and Physicochemical Water Quality Assessments of River Water in an Industrial Region of the Northwest Coast of Borneo

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui Leong ◽  
Johan Ismail ◽  
Nurdiyana Denil ◽  
Shahrul Sarbini ◽  
Wafri Wasli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
The Mean

Urbanization and ever increasing socioeconomic activities have degraded natural resources globally. This study monitored water quality (WQI) based on physicochemical and microbial qualities of river water in an industrial region northwest coast of Borneo. Microbiological parameters tested included total viable count (TVC), coliform count (TC), faecal coliform count (FC), and Escherichia coli confirmation. Physicochemical constituents evaluated included water temperatures (T), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The mean microbial counts of samples were: TVC (3.9 × 102–3.0 × 104 cfu mL−1), TC and FC (23–>1600 MPN 100 mL−1) (MPN: the most probable number) and Escherichia coli growth was confirmed. The mean values of pH, TDS, salinity, EC and BOD are significantly different (p < 0.05) between the rivers ranged: pH (5.05 ± 0.03–6.10 ± 0.10), TDS (0.0 ± 0.0–38,600 ± 50 mg L−1), salinity (0.01 ± 0.0–3.07 ± 0.07%), EC (650 ± 25–19,566.67 ± 251.66 µS cm−1), and BOD (0.23 ± 0.10–3.12 ± 0.02 mgO2 L−1). The tested parameters of samples exceeded international limits with the exception of COD and TSS. The WQI of river water tested ranged from 65–73 under class III. Most of the river water was slightly polluted and a potential threat to public health.

scholarly journals Contamination of Escherichia coli Drinking Water Refills on Drinking Water Depots in Malang City

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Wiwik Kusmawati ◽  
Lia Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
The City ◽  
Maximum Limit

Data from the Malang City Health Office shows the increasing number of refill drinking water depots in the city of Malang until 2013 there were 163 drinking water depots scattered in each Malang Subdistrict. The purpose of this study was to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli refill drinking water in drinking water depots in Malang. The samples taken were 20 refill drinking water depots in Malang. Sampling is done by simple random sampling. Escherichia coli examination using the Most Probable Number Test. Of the 20 samples tested, 2 samples met the requirements of drinking water quality according to PERMENKES and 18 other samples containing the number of coliform bacteria exceeding the maximum limit of 0 per 100 ml of water. There were Escherichia coli in 10 samples while 8 other samples contained other coliform bacteria.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli Content in Refill Drinking Water (AMIU) in Samatiga District, West Aceh Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Azwar Azwar ◽  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Yarmaliza Yarmaliza ◽  
Fitrah Reynaldi ◽  
Arfah Husna
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

The quality of drinking water supply must be guaranteed. The WHO (World Health Organization) determines water quality by means of E. Coli bacteria. Based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 The maximum permissible content of E. Coli in drinking water is 0 per 100 ml. The presence of E. coli in water is an indicator of human and animal fecal pollution that can cause diarrhea and even death. Selection of Refillable Drinking Water (AMIU) as an alternative to fulfill drinking water needs is a risk that can endanger health if the quality of AMIU is added if consumers do not pay attention to safety and hygiene. This study aims to see the content of E. coli in Refill Drinking Water (AMIU) in Samatiga District, West Aceh Regency. This research is experimental with cross sectional design using quantitative laboratory examination with the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The population in this study were all refill drinking water depots that did not have a drinking certificate in Samatiga District, West Aceh Regency. The research sample used a total sampling method of 7 refill drinking water depots. The results of the analysis showed that from all samples as many as 6 samples (85.71%) tested positive for Escherichia coli bacteria and 1 sample (14.29%) tested negative for Escherichia coli bacteria. Based on the calculation of the number of colonies with the MPN / 100 ml table then comparing with the requirements of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 concerning drinking water quality requirements that the 6 samples tested positive were not suitable for consumption.

Use of the Chromogenic Substrate 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl-B-D-Glucuronide (X-GLUC) for Enumerating Escherichia coli in 24 H from Ground Beef

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE RESTAINO ◽  
ELON W. FRAMPTON ◽  
RICHARD H. LYON
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation

A 24-h direct plating method for Escherichia coli using the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-B-D-glucuronide (X-GLUC) incorporated into a Peptone-tergitol agar base (PTX) was compared with the standard 3-tube Most Probable Number (MPN) method on 50 naturally contaminated ground beef samples. A paired-comparisons t-test showed no significant difference between the two methods. A positive linear correlation between the two methods was observed over the entire range of values. Ninety-seven percent of the positive colonies (blue colonies) on PTX agar were indentified as E. coli, whereas no atypical colonies (nonblue) were characterized as such. Thus, a simple and reliable enumeration of E. coli can be made within 24 h using the X-GLUC substrate in a selective agar as an indicator of B-glucuronidase activity.

scholarly journals Integrated River and Coastal Flow, Sediment and Escherichia coli Modelling for Bathing Water Quality

Water ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4752-4777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxian Huang ◽  
Roger Falconer ◽  
Binliang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Flow

scholarly journals Lessons from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections: insights into the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. TUTTLE ◽  
T. GOMEZ ◽  
M. P. DOYLE ◽  
J. G. WELLS ◽  
T. ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Microbiological Testing

Between November 1992 and February 1993, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections occurred in the western USA and was associated with eating ground beef patties at restaurants of one fast-food chain. Restaurants that were epidemiologically linked with cases served patties produced on two consecutive dates; cultures of recalled ground beef patties produced on those dates yielded E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 strains indistinguishable from those isolated from patients, confirming the vehicle of illness. Seventy-six ground beef patty samples were cultured quantitatively for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7. The median most probable number of organisms was 1·5 per gram (range, <0·3–15) or 67·5 organisms per patty (range, <13·5–675). Correlation of the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 with other bacterial indicators yielded a significant association between coliform count and the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 (P=0·04). A meat traceback to investigate possible sources of contamination revealed cattle were probably initially colonized with E. coli O157[ratio ]H7, and that their slaughter caused surface contamination of meat, which once combined with meat from other sources, resulted in a large number of contaminated ground beef patties. Microbiological testing of meat from lots consumed by persons who became ill was suggestive of an infectious dose for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 of fewer than 700 organisms. These findings present a strong argument for enforcing zero tolerance for this organism in processed food and for markedly decreasing contamination of raw ground beef. Process controls that incorporate microbiological testing of meat may assist these efforts.

scholarly journals Mechanically Ventilated Broiler Sheds: a Possible Source of Aerosolized Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (23) ◽  
pp. 7417-7425 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Chinivasagam ◽  
T. Tran ◽  
L. Maddock ◽  
A. Gale ◽  
P. J. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT This study assessed the levels of two key pathogens, Salmonella and Campylobacter, along with the indicator organism Escherichia coli in aerosols within and outside poultry sheds. The study ranged over a 3-year period on four poultry farms and consisted of six trials across the boiler production cycle of around 55 days. Weekly testing of litter and aerosols was carried out through the cycle. A key point that emerged is that the levels of airborne bacteria are linked to the levels of these bacteria in litter. This hypothesis was demonstrated by E. coli. The typical levels of E. coli in litter were ∼108 CFU g−1 and, as a consequence, were in the range of 102 to 104 CFU m−3 in aerosols, both inside and outside the shed. The external levels were always lower than the internal levels. Salmonella was only present intermittently in litter and at lower levels (103 to 105 most probable number [MPN] g−1) and consequently present only intermittently and at low levels in air inside (range of 0.65 to 4.4 MPN m−3) and once outside (2.3 MPN m−3). The Salmonella serovars isolated in litter were generally also isolated from aerosols and dust, with the Salmonella serovars Chester and Sofia being the dominant serovars across these interfaces. Campylobacter was detected late in the production cycle, in litter at levels of around 107 MPN g−1. Campylobacter was detected only once inside the shed and then at low levels of 2.2 MPN m−3. Thus, the public health risk from these organisms in poultry environments via the aerosol pathway is minimal.

scholarly journals Microbiological counting in lamb carcasses from an abattoir in São Paulo, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1836-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Mioto Martineli ◽  
Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior ◽  
Natacha Deboni Cereser ◽  
Marita Vedovelli Cardozo ◽  
Cristianne Lino Fontoura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The consumption of lamb meat in Brazil has increased in the last years but little information about the microbiological quality of this product is available. To evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of lamb carcasses, the quantification of microorganism populations indicators (mesophiles and psychrotrophs; total and thermotolerant coliforms; Escherichia coli; moulds and yeasts) and the pathogenic microorganisms indentification (Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp.) were performed. A total of 60 lamb carcasses were sampled from one abattoir in São Paulo. Swab samples were collected from three points (forequarter, back and hindquarter) on the muscle surface after carcasses final washing. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive evaluation of the results whose counts were grouped by intervals of microorganism populations. Counts ranged from 1.0 x 10¹ to 8.0 x 10(4) colony-forming unit cm-2 (CFU cm-2) for mesophiles; 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for psychrotrophs; < 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for moulds and yeasts; < 0.3 to > 32.0 most probable number/cm² (MPN cm-2) for total and thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli. Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. were not found in any of the carcasses. Most carcasses presented low counts for all microorganisms. Overall results may be explained by the small size of the industry where the study was taken. Results suggest that good microbiological quality lamb meat is possible to be obtained, but improvement in hygienic-sanitary conditions is still required.

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