The origins and development of the English diaspora in North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Bueltmann ◽  
Donald M. MacRaild
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
English Language ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Ethnic Associations ◽  
Migrant Groups

Chapter 1 frames the following discussion of English associations and ethnic activities by charting English migration to North America from the mid-1700s. The earlier emigrants carried with them cultural characteristics, habits and customs that were critical in shaping the social and civic life that marked the English as foundational and invisible within America society. We problematize existing scholarship and challenge the assumption that the hegemony of the English language and the early immigrants’ foundational context provided all subsequent English migrants with a permanent and unchanging advantage over other migrant groups by default. Ordinary English migrants faced the same challenges and hardships as any other group; working-class immigrants in particular dealt with many common economic pressures regardless of their origins. Ultimately, the English had much in common with those of other backgrounds. The English settled in all colonies, counties and states; they were loaded towards the urban and industrial areas, but the focus upon the north-east—in both the colonial and early Republican period, as well as north of the border in what was to become Canada—gradually gave way to greater diffusion: a diffusion in line with the spread of ethnic associations. In the nineteenth century, English-born immigrants—the mainstay of English ethnic associations—came to be hugely out-numbered by several immigrant groups, most notably the Irish, with whom innate tensions were reprised in the new country. Chapter 1 explores such factors as a frame for the study that follows.

scholarly journals ‘There is nothing there’: Deindustrialization and loss in a coastal town

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110113
Author(s):  
Luke Telford
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seaside Resort ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
The Town

Based on 52 qualitative interviews with working-class individuals, this paper explores the social and economic decline of a coastal locale referred to as High Town in Teesside in the North East of England. First, the paper outlines how the locality expanded as a popular seaside resort under capitalism’s post-war period. It then assesses how the seaside existed together with industrial work, offering stable employment opportunities, economic security and a sense of community. Next, the article documents the shift to neoliberalism in the 1980s, specifically the decline of High Town’s seaside resort, the deindustrialization process and therefore the 2015 closure of High Town’s steelworks. It explicates how this exacerbated the locale’s economic decline through the loss of industrial work’s ‘job for life’, its diminishing popularity as a coastal area and the further deterioration of the town centre. The paper concludes by suggesting that High Town has lost its raison d’être under neoliberalism and faces difficulties in revival.

Envisioning an Ideal Christian Family in Republican China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Chinese Christians ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Family ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Domestic Roles ◽  
Theological Thinking

Abstract Amid debates and discussions on the institution of the family in Republican China, foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians played an active role in promoting an ideal Christian family. This article investigates the three waves of prominent theological thinking that underpinned changing ideals of the Christian family throughout the Republican period: Chinese society’s encounter with the gendered ethics of the Christian community in the early Republican period, discussions of domesticity by Chinese Christians amid the social gospel movements of the 1920s, and discussions of domesticity during the National Christianizing the Home Movement. An exploration of Christian publications on domesticity points to a gendered perspective on women’s domestic roles as well as a male-dominated theological construct that attempted to reconfigure the notion of the Chinese Christian family. The discourse on the ideal Chinese Christian family had both secular and spiritual dimensions, shaped by the dynamic transnational flow of ideas and the development of local theological thinking.

The Middle Classes in Non-Western Societies: Inner Dynamics and Self-Assertion Perspective

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
A. Volodin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The State ◽  
Western World ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social

The present article focuses on the entity of middle classes in non-Western societies. The social formation of this kind is a relatively new phenomenon. As far as the modern Western societies are concerned, the social and political “materialization” of the above-mentioned entity has covered the period of no less than five centuries. The middle class in modern transitional societies began to emerge quite recently, with a few notable exceptions, after gaining sovereignty. That is one of the reasons why political systems in the non-Western world are mostly fragile and susceptible to instability of different kinds and origins. The so called “Arab awakening” gives a vivid example for the “underdevelopment” of indigenous middle classes. Whilst in the advanced industrial societies middle classes were (and are) the building blocks of social structure, economic and political development, elite recruitment, etc., among the non-Western societies (with the salient exception of the North-East Asia) the process of the middle class institutionalization as well as its economic and political self-assertion is still under way, somewhere at the initial stage of development. Comparing various non-Western societies from the middle class inner dynamics as well as self-assertion perspective, the author concludes that in the ultimate analysis, the maturity of this process is dependent on the pro-active and creative role of the State. The latter serves as the main driving force of the middle class consolidation and the instrument of political and economic systems for increasing and advancing development. The cases of India, on one hand, and Indonesia, on the other, demonstrate convincingly that the State remains the leading institution of the society able to accelerate economic growth and development, but also to stimulate the emergence and socio-political assertion of the middle class in contemporary non-Western world.

Northeast India

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Kaholi Zhimomi
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Violence

The north-east has a distinct regional identity, as the land of seven sisters, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim; and yet, has been absorbed into the social, cultural and political scheme of the secular nation since independence. The identity politics resulted in dissatisfaction on the part of the indigenous people, which generated long-term military violence in Northeast India. Today, disempowerment among indigenous groups is enormous. For early missionaries, conversion to Christianity also entailed adoption of the Western way of life. Most of the missionaries in Northeast India were American or Welsh among the Protestants and German, Spanish or Italian among the Catholics. Despite exploitation by colonialists that attempted to replace indigenous customs, revivals paved the way for renaissance for those customs. Today, Christianity is the major religion in the states of Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya, with significant growth of indigenous leaders, both secular and religious. Furthermore, there is a rapid growth of educated young tribals who are qualified administrators, educators, academicians, politicians and theologians. With the effects of globalization and modernisation, Christianity must not be assumed to be an agent of acculturation but an agent that helped in the metamorphosis of indigenous norms into authentic tradition.

The social origins of gender differences in anticipated feelings of guilt and shame following delinquency

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne De Boeck ◽  
Stefaan Pleysier ◽  
Johan Put
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Peer Delinquency ◽  
Gender Role Beliefs ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Traditional Femininity

In this study, we investigate gender differences in adolescents’ anticipated feelings of guilt and shame for engaging in shoplifting and retaliatory violence. More specifically, we examine the extent to which interpersonal relations with parents and teachers, perceived peer delinquency and traditional gender role beliefs have different effects on levels of shame-guilt among males and females, and to what extent these variables mediate gender differences in shame-guilt. We use data collected in a sample of 852 adolescents in Genk, a multi-ethnic city in the north-east of Belgium. Our findings confirm those of earlier research indicating that females experience a considerably higher threat of shame-guilt for engaging in delinquency than males. Factors explaining males’ and females’ anticipated shame-guilt feelings are similar in the case of shoplifting, but different in the case of violence. Differential exposure to peer delinquency and parental follow-up partially mediate the effect of gender on shame-guilt for engaging in shoplifting. Among males, endorsement of traditional masculinity predicts lower levels of shame-guilt for engaging in shoplifting and violence. Among females, endorsement of traditional femininity predicts lower levels of shame-guilt for engaging in shoplifting, but has no effect on shame-guilt for engaging in violence. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the contribution of shame-guilt to the social control of delinquency across gender.

Cooking Up American Politics

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
nancy siegel
Keyword(s):  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Domestic Ideology ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
National Sentiment ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Social Act

Cooking Up Politics explores the expression of nationalism in the early republican period of American history through analysis of the domestic environment. This includes the development of American recipes, the patriotic ornamentation of imported ceramics and furnishings, and the role played by women as culinary activists who furthered the causes of republican values through a domestic ideology in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. In particular, this study addresses the naming of recipes in American cookery books, reflective of the growing interest in national sentiment. Recipes for Independence cake, Election cake, and the Federal pan cake, developed by authors such as Amelia Simmons, demonstrate that the meaning associated with food consumption and the social act of gathering to dine could be not only familial but patriotic as well. Such a nationalistic association with food allowed women to create a unique means to express their commitment to the new nation, thus linking language with food.

Seminar on Social Research in the North-East African Region

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-279
Author(s):  
I. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
University College London

This seminar was held at the Institute of Ethiopian Studies, under the general chairmanship of Dr I. M. Lewis of University College, London. It was organised by Dr Richard Pankhurst and ProfessorJ. Comhaire, with financial assistance from the British Ministry of Overseas Development. The seminar was attended by anthropologists currently engaged in field-work and by members of the Haile Selassie I University's Faculties of Arts, Law, Medicine, Business Administration, and the Institute of Ethiopian Studies, as well as staff of the Ministry of Community Development and Public Health. A number of visiting scholars, including Professor V. L. Grottanelli, participated in the meeting. Reports were received on field-work in Somalia and the Sudan as well as in Ethiopia: and the following papers were given: Dr D. Hecht on ‘Sacred Kingship in Africa’Fekadu Gedamu on ‘The Social Organisation of the Kistane Gurage’; J. Stauder on ‘The Social Organisation of the Mahangir’Dr. M. Lewis on ‘Possession Cults in Northern Somalia’A. Orent on ‘The Doce Cult in Kaffa’Virginia Luling on ‘Spirit-possession Cults in Mogadiscio’Terefe Walde Tsadik on ‘The Muyat Cult in Shoa’R. Hallpike on ‘Status of Craftsmen among the Konso’M. Cittadini on ‘Kunama Marriage’and J. Lisowski on ‘Biometrics of N.E. African Migrations’. Development papers were given by P. Sand on ‘Law as a Factor of Social Change’G. Savard on ‘Social Factors in Development’M. de Young on ‘Markets in Ethiopia’S. Messing on ‘Medical Attitudes and Practices in Ethiopia’and R. Bahar on ‘Rural Housing in Ethiopia’.

LEARNING TO READ (AGAIN): THE SOCIAL EXPERIENCES OF TURKEY'S 1928 ALPHABET REFORM

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hale Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
The State ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Repressive Regime

AbstractThis article reconsiders Turkey's 1928 alphabet reform by shifting the focus from the state to the social experiences of alphabet change. Rather than assuming an obedient and indifferent public silently following the decrees of an authoritarian and repressive regime, it explores the actual processes, institutions, and lived experiences of the alphabet reform by drawing on a variety of sources, including unpublished archival evidence and personal narratives collected through oral interviews. It draws attention to the multiplicity of experiences of learning to read and write (the new letters) as well as to the persistence of the Ottoman script; it also examines the variety of ways that state authorities dealt with this persistence. The analysis of this particular reformist measure has implications for understanding social change and the emergence of a nationalist culture in the early republican period as well as state–society relations and the nature of the Kemalist state.

Social sphere of the Magadan region in 1954—1957

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-1) ◽  
pp. 201-217
Author(s):  
Pavel Grebenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
The Social

The article explores the main changes in the development of the social sphere of the Magadan region in 1954-1957, with focus on the demographic situation, social groups and employment of the population. The features of the implementation of state policy was accompanied by the transition to free labor at the Dalstroy enterprises, increased attention to the development of public health and ensuring public safety of the population arriving in the North-East of the USSR.

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