scholarly journals The cytogenetic effect of Euphorbia tirucalli stems methanolic extract on sperm head morphology in male albino mice

HOAJ Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyam Jameel Al-Shaikhli ◽  
Abbas Abdullah Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Cytogenetic Effect ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Head Morphology

scholarly journals Genotoxicity and histopathological assessment of silver nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyinka A Iyiola ◽  
Temitope F. Olafimihan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Total N ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Positive Controls

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial and medical applications. However, there is a growing concern about the potentialities of AgNPs to induce genotoxicity and DNA damage in humans. In this study, genotoxic and histopathological effects of AgNPs were investigated in mice using two well-characterized genetic assays: mouse bone marrow micronuclei (MN) and mouse sperm morphology assays. Swiss albino mice (total N=18) were exposed to varying concentrations (3,000mg/Kg, 4,000mg/Kg, 5,000mg/Kg and 6,000mg/Kg) of AgNPs for 5 consecutive days and observed for 30 days afterwards. Distilled water and colchicine were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The MN assay showed that the frequency of micronuclei induction increased with AgNP concentration. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) were observed for the micronucleus frequency in the blood erythrocytes in all the test concentrations. Sperm head morphology assay also revealed various types of abnormal sperm head morphology and there was statistically significant increase in frequency of sperm abnormalities. Histopathological profiles of the liver also showed enlarge sinusoids, irregular portal tract, and dose-dependent vacuolation. These results suggest that AgNPs is genotoxic and represent a serious health risk to human heatlh.

How does sperm meet egg?--in a marsupial

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Acrosomal Membrane ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Inner Acrosomal Membrane ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Range Of Variation

Australian marsupials exhibit a wide range of variation in sperm head morphology, and in thickness of the zona pellucida around the oocyte, suggesting interspecfic differences in the processes of sperm-egg interaction. The observations described here are largely based on the dasyurid Sminthopsis crassicaudata. They show that in oestrous females, after mating, a coagulum forms in the lateral vaginae and, within an hour of insemination, numerous spermatozoa congregate in the isthmus of the oviduct in which the vanguard population undergoes transformation with the head rotating on its axis with the tail to form a T-shape. Once oocytes are released, a few spermatozoa migrate to the higher reaches of the oviduct where sperm-zona binding occurs by way of the plasmalemma over the acrosomal region. The acrosome reaction takes place here and, as the egg rotates, the tail of the spermatozoon becomes parallel to the head. A small region of acrosome sometimes appears to remain intact at this time because spermatozoa with partly intact acrosomes have been found within the zona matrix. In some of these, electron-dense bridges between part of the inner and outer acrosomal membranes which may act as stabilizing structures, were also seen. The zona matrix is tightly packed around the penetrating spermatozoon, but that close to the acrosomal region becomes less electron-dense and more filamentous. Once incorporated into the egg, the spermatozoon lacks a cell membrane around the tail but vesicles close to the sperm head may, at least in part, be remnants of an inner acrosomal membrane. How generally applicable these observations are to other Australian marsupials remains to be determined.

Melatonin attenuates radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in germ cells of male Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Pandey ◽  
Sarbani Giri
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Increasing male infertility of unknown aetiology can be associated with environmental factors. Extensive use of mobile phones has exposed the general population to unprecedented levels of radiofrequency radiations (RFRs) that may adversely affect male reproductive health. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of RFR Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) type, 900 MHz and melatonin supplementation on germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. One group received RFR exposure for 3 h twice/day for 35 days and the other group received the same exposure but with melatonin ( N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MEL; 5 mg/kg bw/day). Two other groups received only MEL or remain unexposed. Sperm head abnormality, total sperm count, biochemical assay for lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity and testis histology were evaluated. Additionally, flow cytometric evaluation of germ cell subtypes and comet assay were performed in testis. Extensive DNA damage in germ cells of RFR-exposed animals along with arrest in pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis eventually leading to low sperm count and sperm head abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation resulting in histological and morphological changes in testis and germ cells morphology, respectively. However, these effects were either diminished or absent in RFR-exposed animals supplemented with melatonin. Hence, it can be concluded that melatonin inhibits pre-meiotic spermatogenesis arrest in male germ cells through its anti-oxidative potential and ability to improve DNA reparative pathways, leading to normal sperm count and sperm morphology in RFR-exposed animals.

231 SPERM SUBPOPULATIONS IN THE KOALA (PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS) EJACULATE

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
N. Satake ◽  
S. D. Johnston ◽  
W. V. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

Koala semen contains a heterogeneous mixture of sperm morphotypes, mainly attributable to extreme degree of shape variability displayed by the hooked sperm head. By analogy with other species, we anticipate that the morphotypes may exhibit correspondingly different sperm-motility behaviors, largely caused by the differences in hydrodynamic interactions with the suspending media. This trend has been shown in human spermatozoa where motility behavior was demonstrably correlated with the sperm head morphology (Overstreet et al. 1981). In this study, we have investigated the heterogeneity of koala sperm motility profiles in semen in an effort to determine whether distinct sperm subpopulations within ejaculates are recognizable by the use of computer-assisted sperm motility analysis. Ejaculates from 5 males were collected by electroejaculation, then diluted and transported in Tris-citrate-glucose (TCG) diluent. Spermatozoa were washed through a 35–60% Percoll gradient to separate seminal plasma and the majority of the prostatic bodies from spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from the washed pellet were then diluted in TCG at 35°C, incubated for 10 min, and video recorded using a negative phase ×10 objective. Sperm motion parameters were then analyzed using the Hobson sperm tracker (Hobson Vision Systems, UK: Holt et al. 1996 J. Androl. 17, 587–596). Multivariate pattern analysis (PATN; CSIRO Australia; Abaigar 1999 Biol. Reprod. 60, 32–41) was used to distinguish 3 sperm subgroups, consistently shown in each ejaculate, within the data (1936 tracks × 6 kinetic parameters; VCL, VAP, MAD, BCF, ALH, LIN). After group allocation by PATN, all parameters showed significant differences between each of the groups (P < 0.0001). Group 1, approximately 25% of the sperm tracks, showed profiles of spermatozoa with fast, non-linear motility (VCL 106.88 ± 28.15; BCF 3.23 ± 3.81; LIN 14.08 ± 10.20). Group 2, approximately 27% of sperm tracks, showed profiles of fast, linear motility (VCL 63.92 ± 13.50; BCF 7.90 ± 3.42; LIN 28.10 ± 12.15). Group 3, 48% of sperm tracks, showed profiles of slow, non-linear or circular patterns of motility (VCL 39.05 ± 11.92; BCF 0.02 ± 0.35; LIN 5.15 ± 4.88). The recognition of 3 clearly identifiable subgroups supports our hypothesis that heterogeneity of sperm motility patterns exists within koala ejaculates. These may be a reflection of the heterogeneity in sperm-head morphotypes in koala semen, but that remains to be investigated in more detail. The clear distinctions between these groups, and the observation that all 3 subpopulations exist in each of the ejaculates, also suggest that the spermatozoa exhibit functional differences, possibly related to biochemical or maturational status. Many thanks to Dr. Michael Pyne and Dr. Vere Nicholson and their teams and animals at Currumbin Wildlife Sanctutary and Dreamwolrd QLD for all their help and support for the collection of samples.

Automatic classification of human sperm head morphology

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Chang ◽  
Laurent Heutte ◽  
Caroline Petitjean ◽  
Steffen Härtel ◽  
Nancy Hitschfeld
Keyword(s):  
Human Sperm ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Head Morphology

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract ofArtemisia afraon Alloxan Induced Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Ahmed Issa ◽  
Mohammed Hussen Bule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Albino Mice

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic syndrome that causes disability, early death, and many other complications. Currently insulin and many synthetic drugs are used in diabetes treatment. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are too expensive particularly for sub-Saharan population in addition to their undesirable side effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic effect and toxicity level ofArtemisia afrawhich was collected from its natural habitat in Bale Zone, around Goba town, 455 km southeast of Addis Ababa. Air dried aerial parts ofArtemisia afrawere separately extracted with both distilled water and 95% methanol. Oral acute toxicity test was conducted on healthy Swiss albino mice. Antidiabetic effect of the aqueous and methanolic extracts ofArtemisia afrawas separately evaluated on alloxan induced diabetic mice at doses of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally. The results indicate that mean lethal dose (LD50) for aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas 9833.4 mg/Kg. Blood glucose level was significantly decreased by 24% (p<0.005) and 56.9% (p<0.0004) in groups that received aqueous extract ofArtemisia afraat dose of 500 mg/Kg and 750 mg/Kg, respectively. The methanolic extract ofArtemisia afraalso significantly lowered blood glucose by 49.8% (p<0.0001) at doses of 1000 mg/kg on the 5th hr. Aqueous extract ofArtemisia afrawas regarded as nontoxic and safe since its LD50was found above 5000 mg/Kg. Aqueous extract showed higher effect at relatively lower dose as compared to methanolic extract. The aqueous extract was screened positive for phytochemicals like flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins that were reported to have antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Aitchisonia Rosea in Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Shahid Rasool ◽  
Ambreen Malik Uttra ◽  
Mehreen Malik Uttra ◽  
Faheem Ahmed ◽  
Khizar Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective:  Current analysis aims at in-vivo investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Aitchisonia rosea methanolic extract. Methods: Albino mice (20-30 g) were used in the study. Extract at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses was tested against egg albumin and carrageenan induced mice paw edema along with formalin persuaded paw licking and acetic acid prompted writhing for analgesic activity. Results: Results depicted dose reliant and significant (p<0.001) inhibition of carrageenan as well as egg albumin brought paw edema, abdominal constrictions/ hind limb stretching tempted by acetic acid and formalin instigated paw licking. Capability of crude extract to halt inflammatory and analgesic response was akin to that of ibuprofen in all models. Conclusion: The current findings support the use of Aitchisonia rosea for inflammatory conditions, which might be attributed to its previously proven high alkaloid, flavonoids, phenol, tannins content and free radical scavenging activity.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves in swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Arunkumar J. ◽  
Vijayalakshmi M. ◽  
Yesodha S. ◽  
YousufAli A. S. ◽  
Parthiban R.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Tail Clip

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves on thermal and mechanical pain in swiss albino mice.Methods: Thirty adult male swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 grams were selected and allocated in to five groups. Each group consists of six animals. The control group received vehicle (10 ml/kg), standard group received morphine (10 mg/kg) and test groups received dried methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg per oral respectively) 1 hour before placing the animal over the hot plate at temperature of 55⁰C . A cut off period of 10 sec was observed to avoid damage of the paw. The response in the form of withdrawal of paws or licking of the paws. The delay in the reaction time denotes analgesic activity. The latency was recorded before and after 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes administration of drug. After washout period of 1 month the same group of animals were utilized to evaluate the analgesic effect by tail clip method for better comparison.Results: All the doses of Murraya koenigii leaves significantly delayed reaction time in hot plate method and tail clip method. The results were comparable to that produced by standard drug morphine.Conclusions: Murraya koenigii leaves has analgesic activity which was comparable to morphine.

scholarly journals Anti-Depressant Activity of the Leaves of Zanthoxylum Armatum on Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav ◽  
Kamal Poudel ◽  
Roshan Mehta ◽  
Amit Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Albino Mice

INTRODUCTION Depression is a global mental disorder that has high incidence, high recurrence, and high self-mutilation and suicide rates. Although the antidepressant drugs are available for the treatment, depression still continues to be a major medical problem. The present study was designed to study the anti-depressant activity of the leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum using forced swim test and tail suspension test (TST) on Swiss albino mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anti-depressant activity of the leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum was assessed using chronic unpredictable mild-stress (CUMS) induced depression in mice. The animals were treated with the methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum orally at two doses of 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for eight days after (CUMS) induced depression in mice. RESULTS The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by tukey multiple comparison test. The leaves extract presented significant antidepressant activity in mice (p<0.05), CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum has got significant antidepressant activity.

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