EFFECT OF EXCLOSURE ON RUNOFF, SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION AND SOIL LOSS IN EROSION PLOTS

Nowadays watershed and rangeland management projects play the important rolein water resources and soil management worldwide. Although watershed andrangeland management projects have the considerable importance as approaches torural areas development and natural resources management, more studies havebeen focused on their effects on sediment and their effects on soil erosion haverarely been considered. The present study was conducted in two treated and controlsub-watersheds with exclosure treatment and under grazing respectively, inKhamsan representative watershed with an area of 4337.27 ha in south ofKurdistan Province, Iran. Three plots were installed in each western, northern andeastern slopes for the runoff volume and coefficient, sediment concentration andsoil loss measurement. The exclosure treatment was operated for installed plots intreated sub-watershed from 2007. Then, all the data of runoff volume andcoefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss from USLE standard plots in bothcontrol and treated sub-watersheds for 52 events over the years 2009 to 2014 werecompared and evaluated. Therefore, in order to the number of plots and subwatersheds,18 USLE standard plot data were finally recorded and analysed foreach storm event. The results showed the significant (p≤0.05) decreasing effect ofexclosure treatment on runoff volume, sediment concentration and soil loss at plotscale. Finally, decreasing rates of 15.68, 6.13, 16.67, 24.37 and 21.43% due toexclosure respectively for runoff volume and coefficient, sediment concentration,soil loss and sediment yield were obtained. The variables of runoff volume, soilloss and sediment yield had statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) in treatedand control sub-watersheds. The sediment concentration variable had p value of0.058 and therefore the effect of exclosure treatment on sediment concentrationwas also significant (p≤0.06).

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Effect of natural rainfall on the migration characteristics of runoff and sediment on purple soil sloping cropland during different planting stages

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.333 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Jiupai Ni ◽

Chengsheng Ni ◽

Sheng Wang ◽

Deti Xie

Keyword(s):

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Purple Soil ◽

Torrential Rain ◽

Sediment Yields ◽

Natural Rainfall ◽

Sediment Loss ◽

Rain Events

Abstract Due to the difficulty in monitoring subsurface runoff and sediment migration, their loss loads are still not clear and need further study. This study monitored water and soil loss occurring within experimental field plots for two calendar years under natural rainfall events. The sediment loss load was quantified by considering the corresponding water flow flux and its sediment concentration. The results showed that 60.04% of the runoff and 2.83% of the sediment were lost underground. The annual underground sediment loss reached up to 54.6 kg*ha−1*yr−1. A total of 69.68% of the runoff yield and 67.25% of the sediment yield were produced during the corn planting stage (CPS: March–July). Heavy rain and torrential rain events produced 94.45%, 65.46% of the annual runoff and 94.45%, 76.21% of the sediment yields during the corn-planting stage and summer fallow period (SFP: August–September). The rain frequency, rainfall, and rainfall duration of each planting stage significantly affected the resulting runoff and sediment yield. Measures aimed at the prevention and control of water-soil loss from purple soil sloping land should heavily focus on torrential rain and heavy rain events during the CPS and SFP. This paper aims to provide a practical reference for quantifying the water and soil loss from purple soil sloping cropland.

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A Study Case on Estimation of Soil Loss and Sediment Yield in Curtin University, Malaysia

Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution ◽

10.53623/tasp.v1i2.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 62-73

Author(s):

Hui Yee Ngieng ◽

Leong Kong Yong ◽

Striprabu Strimari

Keyword(s):

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Google Earth ◽

Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽

Storm Event ◽

Sieve Analysis ◽

Runoff Depth ◽

Factor C ◽

Soil Loss Equation

Because of human activities, soil erosion has been one of the most concerning issues in Malaysia in the past decades. This study aimed to estimate the amount of soil loss and sediment yield at Curtin University, Malaysia by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE), respectively. The parameters of RUSLE include rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length factor (L), slope steepness factor (S), cover-management factor (C) and support practice factor (P). The rainfall data (10 years) from the Sarawak Meteorological Department was used to determine the R-factor. The K-factor was determined by sieve analysis, hydrometer analysis, the Standard Proctor Test (SPT), and organic content testing. The L-and S-factors were performed by measuring on site and using Google Earth. The C-and P-factors were based on the ground surface cover condition (bare soil in this study). In the MUSLE, the runoff factor comprises V and Qp, while the other parameters are the same as in the RUSLE. The runoff depth, V, is equivalent to the rainfall intensity. Rainfall intensities were recorded by using a rain gauge. The highest rainfall intensity was used for runoff depth. The Rational method has been utilized to calculate Qp. The amount of soil loss estimated was 119.97 tons/ha/year and the sediment yield amount estimated was 0.76 ton/storm event in Curtin University, Malaysia.

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Tillage Impacts on Initial Soil Erosion in Wheat and Sainfoin Fields under Simulated Extreme Rainfall Treatments

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 789

Author(s):

Tugrul Yakupoglu ◽

Recep Gundogan ◽

Turgay Dindaroglu ◽

Kadir Kusvuran ◽

Veysel Gokmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Extreme Rainfall ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Runoff Coefficient ◽

Runoff Generation ◽

Water Losses

The main aim of this research was to determine the potential effects of different tillage systems (TT: traditional tillage and RT: reduced tillage) on runoff and erosion at two different locations (Kahramanmaras and Tarsus, Southern Turkey) under (i) fallow, (ii) wheat (Triticumaestivum L.), and (iii) sainfoin (Onobrychissativa L.) crops. Rainfall simulations with intensity of 120 mm h−1 and 30-min duration, representing a typical extreme thunderstorm in this area, were used. We quantified the elapsed time to runoff generation (ET), total runoff volume (R), soil loss (SL), sediment concentration (SC), and runoff coefficient (RC). At both locations, the fallow plots indicated the first runoff response ranging between 1.2 and 3.1 min, while the range was between 9.4 and 8.9 min for the sainfoin plots. The highest runoff coefficient was recorded for the fallow parcel in Tarsus (57.7%), and the lowest runoff coefficient was recorded for the sainfoin parcel in Kahramanmaras (4%). For both study sites, the fallow plots showed higher soil erosion rates (871 and 29.21 g m−2) compared with the wheat plots (307 and 11.25 g m−2), while sainfoin recorded the lowest soil losses (93.68 and 3.45 g m−2), for Tarsus and Kahramanmaras, respectively. Runoff and sediment yield generated from sainfoin and wheat parcels under the RT system were less than under the TT system at the Kahramanmaras location. At the Tarsus location, the effect of soil tillage on soil and water losses was insignificant on the sainfoin planted plots. The reduced tillage system was successful in reducing sediment yield and runoff generated from parcels growing wheat and sainfoin compared to traditional tillage in Tarsus location, but runoff and soil loss were found to be very high compared to parcels constructed in the Kahramanmaras location.

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Regional Policy in the Field of Natural Resources Management in the Far North

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2003-10-108-116 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 108-116

Author(s):

A. Bykov

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Natural Resources Management ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Resources Management ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Far North ◽

The Russian Federation

According to the legal norms of the Russian Federation in the ownership, usage and disposal of natural resources the author analyses interaction between natural resources users and local authorities. The interaction is based upon ecological and economic factors, which cause the peculiarities of requirements put before natural resource users in the Far North. The strategic directions of resource saving economic development of these regions are considered.

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KAJIAN EROSI LAHAN DI KAWASAN AIR STRIP RUNWAY 2600 BANDARA DEPATI AMIR (PGK) BERDASARKAN TATA GUNA LAHAN MASTERPLAN ULTIMATE

FROPIL (Forum Profesional Teknik Sipil) ◽

10.33019/fropil.v7i2.1627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 100-111

Author(s):

Miskar Maini ◽

Junita Eka Susanti

Keyword(s):

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽

Sediment Delivery ◽

Soil Loss Equation

Standar permintaan engineering pesawat agar desain bangunan infrastruktur di area Air Strip Runway 2600 yang ada dapat mempunyai fungsi lain. Sedangkan kondisi lain sangat menentukan keselamatan karena lahan di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) jika tidak ditutupi vegetasi seperti rumput, kondisi lain lahan yang belum ditutupi vegetasi di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 berpotensi akan mengalami erosi lahan, kemudian hasil erosi lahan ini akan terbawa oleh aliran air sehingga akan masuk ke saluran drainase yang akan menyebabkan sedimentasi pada saluran drainase tersebut, akhirnya akan berkurang efektifitas kinerja saluran drainase tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi laju rata-rata erosi di area Air Strip Runway 2600 dengan memperhitungkan faktor erosivitas hujan, erodibilitas tanah, kemiringan lereng atau panjang lereng, pengelolaan tanaman dan konservasi tanah, yang masing masing tata guna lahan tersebut mengacu pada Masterplan Ultimate Bandara Depati Amir (PGK). Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan persamaan USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) yang dikembangkan oleh Wischmeier dan Smith (1965, 1978), kemudian Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) dan Sediment Yield.Hasil penelitian ini, prediksi laju erosi permukaan pada area Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) tahun pertama yang mencapai 5,60 mm/tahun atau 100,76 Ton/Ha/tahun, laju erosi tahun kedua mencapai 3,38 mm/tahun atau 60,84 Ton/Ha/tahun dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam kelas bahaya erosi sedang (kelas III) dan nilai SDR adalah sebesar 56,3%, nilai sediment yield (SR) pada tahun pertama sebesar 5.887,59 Ton/Tahun, pada tahun kedua ketika rumput pada area Air Strip telah tumbuh dengan sempurna terjadi penurunan hasil sediment yield yaitu nilai SR sebesar 3.554,85 Ton/Tahun.

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