scholarly journals The works of Leningrad popular science film studio “Lennauchfilm” in the 1970s – 1980s

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Mariya Vladimirovna Kalenichenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Film Directors ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Film Texts ◽  
Scientific Achievements

This article is dedicated to examination of works of the film directors of the Leningrad popular science film studio “Lennauchfilm” in the 1970s – 1980s. Based on the archival documents presented in the Central Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the author analyzes the work of the film studio: carries out classification of filmography by formal-semantic criterion, as well as determines the key processes typical to this time period. The following main trends are highlighted: natural science, technical-propagandistic, historical-revolutionary, military-patriotic, social life, history of art and culture. Special attention is given to the films that cover the topics, which have not previously been included in the field of popular science cinematography. The novelty of this research lies in classification of the thematic trends of the Leningrad film studio as an integral artistic system, as well as in comparison of the plots of popular science film texts by each direction over the two decades. As a result, the author identified the main trends, which broadened the thematic field in the work of the studio, as well as fundamentally changed the representations on the goals and tasks of popular science cinematography. The key object of popular science cinematography is being shifted during the Perestroika period. Emphasis is place not on science and technological achievements, but human and society. Film directors through their works conveyed the attitude of society towards science, raising the questions of transformation of ethics and morality in the context of scientific and technological revolution. The idea of the harm of scientific achievements and responsibility of the scholars before society is being advanced. Without any doubt, the works of the Leningrad film directors broadened the ideological-artistic range by offering the own vision of specificity of the Soviet popular science cinematography.

scholarly journals The hero's journey: tracing the history of the myth to the celebrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Hero's Journey ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

The terms "hero," "heroism," and, more recently, "heroine," are broad, wide ranging, and contested terms prominent within academia yet there remains a general consensus that heroes are, historically, an essential component to society. This paper will identify that there are diverse Western cultural conceptions surrounding the hero. It is therefore important to trace the meaning behind the concept and draw conclusions as to whether or not the hero narrative has developed or shifted over time. Through an intensive review of the literature on the "hero," this research paper critically identifies the historical constructions, empirical observations, and theoretical analyses in order to explore and understand how the hero narrative has changed or retained timeless qualities of meaning or myth. As the hero developed from the Classical times to the present, through the periods of oral tradition to electronic media, those who are identified as a "hero" became more and more far-reaching. This paper constructs several empirical tables that identify similarities and differences concerning how Western society's classification of heroes has developed. By taking into account the different types of heroic figures that have existed across time, including Greek gods, soldiers, community workers, and celebrities, this paper establishes whether or not the conception of the "hero" changes depending on war, gender, race, popular culture, historical time period, and changes in communication technology.

scholarly journals CHURCH HISTORY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF P. MYKHAILO ZUBRITSKYІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Mykola TUНAI
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Church History ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The article deals with the scientific achievements of Priest Mуkhailo Zubrytskyі (1856–1919) in the study of church history and religious issues. He stated that he had based his research on the data of the diocesan and deanery archives and libraries, as well as on his own observations. It is noted that scientific work should be conditionally divided into three subgroups: archeographic, analytical and historical. The first group of works includes the publication of archival documents and materials, including a number of church acts and official documents the second – the coverage of church relations, relations between priests and between believers and clergy, according to the third group include works of historical content, in which the author provided information on history of the church in Galicia and neighboring territories, as well as the history of individual parishioners of the region. The archeographic and historical value of the materials found has been established. It is noted that Priest Mуkhailo considered the phenomenon of church affairs and history to be Muscophilic and the transitions of communities into Latin rites. He believed that this was a threat to the unity of the Russian people and also not conducive to its development. It should be emphasized that the historian at the same time stood up for the protection of the rural clergy, but criticized them for their weak connection with the local population and not active in social and cultural work. Note that the researcher was not critical enough to analyze the documents used. It is noted that this topic is only partially covered in the scientific work of domestic and foreign researchers. Keywords: Mуkhailo Zubrytskyі, church, Muscophilism, diocese, priest, Stavropigia, clergy.

Popular Science, Textbooks, and Scientists: The Periodic Law in Italy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ciardi ◽  
Marco Taddia
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Science Textbooks ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Periodic Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Medicine And The Arts

This essay deals with an issue that has never before been the focus of attention in the field of research on the history of chemistry in Italy: the diffusion of Mendeleev’s periodic system in our nation. In the following text we will analyze the situation in the period preceding the arrival of Mendeleev’s theory in Italy with regard to the matter of classifying elements. By doing so, it will be possible to demonstrate that—despite the superficiality and lack of accuracy of certain studies—Italian chemistry was already very willing to consider new proposals relating to the classification of elements. We will then attempt to illustrate how Mendeleev’s work not only attracted the attention of the most renowned Italian chemists, such as Augusto Piccini and Giacomo Ciamician, but also became widely used in university texts and secondary school textbooks. In order to understand the classification criteria for elements adopted by Italian chemists before Mendeleev and therefore the cultural terrain the law of periodicity was to take root in, it would be better to refer to a number of texts used widely for teaching in universities. We will examine four of these, published between 1819 and 1867. In all these texts, the term “simple bodies” appears, with the expression “simple substances” used less frequently, while Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743–94), in his 1789 Traité élémentaire de chimie (Traité thereafter), uses the same term “simple substances” or “simple substances … which may be considered as the elements of bodies.” It is interesting to note that Vincenzo Dandolo’s Italian translation (first edition 1792) uses the expression “sostanze semplici,” interpreting quite literally the Frenchman’s choice of term. Thirty years after publication of the Traité, Antonio Santagata (1774–1858), professor of general chemistry at the Pontificia Università di Bologna, published his Lezioni di chimica elementare [Lessons in elementary chemistry], derived from Lezioni di chimica elementare: applicata alla medicina e alle arti [Lessons in Elementary Chemistry: Applied to Medicine and the Arts] (Bologna, 1804), written by his predecessor in the university chair, Pellegrino Salvigni (1777–1841).

scholarly journals The Dutchman Herman Boerhaave and the Russian Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov are brilliant medical scientists, whose remembrance will be eternal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Inge Hendriks ◽  
◽  
Inga Goriacheva ◽  
James Bovill ◽  
Fredrik Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Applied Anatomy ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The Dutchman Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738) and the Russian Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881) were brilliant physicians who made significant contributions to the practice of medicine. Herman Boerhaave graduated as a doctor in 1693 and eventually became professor of medicine, botany and chemistry at the University of the city Leiden. He is perhaps best known as a teacher and for introducing bedside teaching to the medical curriculum. Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov qualified as a physician in 1828 at the Moscow University, was awarded with his PhD at the German-Baltic University of Dorpat in 1832. In 1836 he was appointed as a professor in Dorpat and in 1841 as professor of surgery and applied anatomy at the Imperial Medico-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg. Scientific achievements of N. I. Pirogov in medicine are multifaceted: he is the originator of unique technologies for studying the structure of a human being and developed anatomical atlases on these technologies. He was a virtuoso surgeon, an early adopter of ether anaesthesia, and innovator of medical triage and evacuation of the wounded. Why in one article a comparison the scientific achievements of these two brilliant personalities, who have entered the world history of medicine, are investigated, becomes clear from the words of N. I. Pirogov, who greatly appreciated Herman Boerhaave. Pirogov wrote that “…he did not consider himself an equal to Herman Boerhaave…” Was Pirogov right or were it modest words, this is up to the reader to decide. The influence of Anglo-Saxon literature and scientific schools, the role of Herman Boerhaave in the professional develop ment of N. I. Pirogov, and the innovations created by them in medicine were analysed on basis of archival documents.

scholarly journals The hero's journey: tracing the history of the myth to the celebrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Hero's Journey ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

The terms "hero," "heroism," and, more recently, "heroine," are broad, wide ranging, and contested terms prominent within academia yet there remains a general consensus that heroes are, historically, an essential component to society. This paper will identify that there are diverse Western cultural conceptions surrounding the hero. It is therefore important to trace the meaning behind the concept and draw conclusions as to whether or not the hero narrative has developed or shifted over time. Through an intensive review of the literature on the "hero," this research paper critically identifies the historical constructions, empirical observations, and theoretical analyses in order to explore and understand how the hero narrative has changed or retained timeless qualities of meaning or myth. As the hero developed from the Classical times to the present, through the periods of oral tradition to electronic media, those who are identified as a "hero" became more and more far-reaching. This paper constructs several empirical tables that identify similarities and differences concerning how Western society's classification of heroes has developed. By taking into account the different types of heroic figures that have existed across time, including Greek gods, soldiers, community workers, and celebrities, this paper establishes whether or not the conception of the "hero" changes depending on war, gender, race, popular culture, historical time period, and changes in communication technology.

Obscure years of Soviet Roma literature (1939-1941)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
VIKTOR SHAPOVAL
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The history of Soviet Roma literature from the middle of 1938 to the beginning of the Second World War cannot be explored through an analysis of published books, since no books were published in those years. Moreover, a very specific chronological dilemma arises. In Soviet historiography, the events of the Second World War, which began on 22 June 1941, are considered separately from the events of the war that took place beyond the territory of the USSR. This period is also significant for the history of Soviet Roma literature, since for a period lasting almost two years - from September 1939 to June 1941 (when the interwar period formally ended) - Roma writers enjoyed a time of relative peace, which they spent in an intense search for new opportunities, interactions with authorities, and attempts to revive Roma book publishing. This article presents a study and analysis of this period based on previously unexamined archival documents and letters from Roma writers. The analysis of these documents helps create a picture of this time period and clarifies aspects of the plans and hopes that Roma writers had “relatively speaking, after the brief era of Romani Gutenberg.”

scholarly journals The Influence of Creative Societies on the Formation of Art Education in Krasnoyarsk of the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 963-971
Author(s):  
Liliia R. Stroy ◽  
Evgeniia S. Tsareva
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Music Schools ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Performing Culture ◽  
The City

The article considers the processes that took place in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and were connected with the creation of cultural and educational societies. The principles of historicism and objectivity as well as the systemic approach form the key methodological basis of the research. Their application resulted in reconstruction of cultural and social life of the city and identification of the initiatives related to professional art. The use of unique archival documents and retrospective literature ensured a special focus on the history of the musical societies’ and art associations’ creation, that influenced not only the development of performing culture and exhibition activities in Krasnoyarsk, but also determined the scenario for the art education development in the city. The article concludes that the formation of cultural and educational movement in Siberia (the case of Krasnoyarsk) was discrete and took place several decades later than in Central Russia. At the same time, it was the establishment of creative unions that predetermined the scenario for the formation and development of first urban music schools and drawing classes

scholarly journals Chayanov’s sociology of art. [Rew.] Chayanov A.V. Selected Art Heritage. Moscow: Izdatelskiy dom TONCHU publ., 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Nikulin ◽  
Ekaterina S. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Sociology Of Art ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
West European

A.V. Chayanov was primarily an agrarian economist, but he also possessed encyclopedic interests and knowledge and wrote a series of articles on the history of art, which reflect his peculiar sociology of art. This article is a review of the collection of works which include articles written by this outstanding social thinker. The author considers that Chayanov’s articles on the history of collecting artwork in Moscow and on the history of West-European engraving show the original features of his sociological interdisciplinary analysis. Chayanov studied various aspects of social life — history and economics, art and culture — to identify the historical-social types of collectors of fine artwork, the impact of social crises on the nature of collecting, the problems of elitism and egalitarianism in art, and the directions of people’s cultural development. All of these issues are still relevant to contemporary studies of art.

Old Library Manuscript Catalogues in Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Jolita Steponaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Book History ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
National Library ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Library Catalogue ◽  
Physical Features

Library catalogue or inventory book is one of the most important sources for exploring its stock development, collection creation strategy, content of documents. Catalogue contains a lot of information about content of collections, quality and quantity aspects, and enables reconstruction of libraries which had been closed, dispersed or damaged by various disasters. Catalogues of old, especially non-operating libraries can also play role of reflections of scientific, cultural, social life of certain historical period, sometimes even of witnesses of the whole epoch. This historical source is very important for history of book and library. Their analysis can fill gaps in research of cultural communication of certain periods. Library catalogue is an information search system giving better orientation in the library to the reader, satisfaction of his informational needs and expectations. Exploring of library catalogue can be multiform depending on the subject and object of the exploration. Scientific researches of library catalogues are not popular; they are rather additional source of book history. The old catalogues give possibility to reconstruct traditions and culture of forming catalogues of that time, retrieve regulations and specifics of their forming. The article reveals content of catalogues of institutional, personal libraries of 19th-20th centuries preserved in the Rare Book and Manuscript Department of Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, their provenance attributes and physical features, making emphasis on Lithuanian books in these libraries. These are catalogues or lists of books owned of Samogitian Seminary, Ateitininkai Chapter established by Lithuanians who moved to Voronezh (Russia) during the 1st World War, The Januškevičiai (progenitors of the Dobužinskiai family), explorer of Lithuanian language Kazimieras Jaunius. These catalogues were selected from library catalogues of the National Library, because the institutions and persons mentioned were important for Lithuanian history and culture. Old library catalogues present evidence what important sources they can be for exploring of various historical stages of the country, historical and cultural heritage of various institutions, organizations or personalities, cultural and informational communication, distribution of a certain book, its popularity in libraries of various levels, culture and traditions of library catalogues forming during the certain time period.

scholarly journals Production of popular science films in Leningrad: late 1940s – 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Mariya Vladimirovna Kalenichenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Definition Of

This article is dedicated to the history of the Soviet popular science cinematography on the example of the Leningrad film studio “Lentekhfilm” / “Lennauchfilm"” during the late 1940s – 1960s.The goal of this work consists in tracing the development and production stages of popular science films at the Leningrad film studio “Lennauchfilm”.  The author sets the following tasks: follow the work of the film studio “Lennauchfilm” based on the archival materials, as well as determine the main plotlines of popular science films of the period under review. The article employs archival documents stored in the fund No. 243 of the St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Literature and Art. Namely, based on the materials of the annual financial and production reports of the film studio, using the quantitative methods, the author carries out the sampling of films that were classified as popular science. The author also applies the problem-chronological method for studying the stages of operation of the film studio. The novelty of this research consists in determination of production volumes of popular science films at a particular film studio, as well as their main themes. As a result, the author highlights six main plotlines: natural sciences, geography of the country, industry and agriculture, education of children and adolescents, history of culture and art, historical-revolutionary. The conclusion is made that the Soviet popular science cinematography was aimed not only at popularization of scientific knowledge (as follows from the definition of the term “popular science film” given in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia), but also performed the important political and civic functions on youth education, distribution of technical knowledge, as well as illustration of the achievements of the Soviet Union in economic and social policy.

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