Peer Review #1 of "Sports experts’ unique perception of time duration based on the processing principle of an integrated model of timing (v0.2)"

Background Duration perception is an essential part of our cognitive and behavioral system, helping us interact with the outside world. An integrated model of timing, which states that the perceived duration of a given stimulus is based on the efficiency of information extraction, was recently set forth to improve current understanding of the representation and judgment of time. However, the prediction from this model that more efficient information extraction results in longer perceived duration has not been tested. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate whether sports experts, as a group of individuals with information extraction superiority in situations relevant to their sport skill, have longer duration perceptions when they view expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience. Methods For this study, 81 subjects were recruited based on a prior power analysis. The sports experts group had 27 athletes with years of professional training in diving; a wrestler group and a nonathlete group, with each of these groups having 27 subjects, were used as controls. All participants completed a classic duration reproduction task for subsecond and suprasecond durations with both the diving images and general images involved. Results The divers reproduced longer durations for diving stimuli compared with general stimuli under both subsecond and suprasecond time ranges, while the other samples showed the opposite pattern. Furthermore, the years of training in diving were positively correlated with the magnitude of the prolonged reproduction duration when divers viewed diving stimuli. Moreover, the diver group showed a more precise duration perception in subsecond time range for general stimuli compared with the wrestlers and nonathletes. Conclusion The results suggest that sports experts perceive longer duration when viewing expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience.

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Perception of time duration by domestic hens

Applied Animal Behaviour Science ◽

10.1016/s0168-1591(01)00210-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Pollyanna E Taylor ◽

Marie Haskell ◽

Michael C Appleby ◽

Natalie K Waran

Keyword(s):

Time Duration ◽

Perception Of Time

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The Influence of Avatar Embodiment on Time Perception - Towards VR for Time-Based Therapy

Frontiers in Virtual Reality ◽

10.3389/frvir.2021.658509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Fabian Unruh ◽

Maximilian Landeck ◽

Sebastian Oberdörfer ◽

Jean-Luc Lugrin ◽

Marc Erich Latoschik

Keyword(s):

Time Perception ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

Time Duration ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Perception Of Time ◽

Virtual Body

Psycho-pathological conditions, such as depression or schizophrenia, are often accompanied by a distorted perception of time. People suffering from this conditions often report that the passage of time slows down considerably and that they are “stuck in time.” Virtual Reality (VR) could potentially help to diagnose and maybe treat such mental conditions. However, the conditions in which a VR simulation could correctly diagnose a time perception deviation are still unknown. In this paper, we present an experiment investigating the difference in time experience with and without a virtual body in VR, also known as avatar. The process of substituting a person’s body with a virtual body is called avatar embodiment. Numerous studies demonstrated interesting perceptual, emotional, behavioral, and psychological effects caused by avatar embodiment. However, the relations between time perception and avatar embodiment are still unclear. Whether or not the presence or absence of an avatar is already influencing time perception is still open to question. Therefore, we conducted a between-subjects design with and without avatar embodiment as well as a real condition (avatar vs. no-avatar vs. real). A group of 105 healthy subjects had to wait for seven and a half minutes in a room without any distractors (e.g., no window, magazine, people, decoration) or time indicators (e.g., clocks, sunlight). The virtual environment replicates the real physical environment. Participants were unaware that they will be asked to estimate their waiting time duration as well as describing their experience of the passage of time at a later stage. Our main finding shows that the presence of an avatar is leading to a significantly faster perceived passage of time. It seems to be promising to integrate avatar embodiment in future VR time-based therapy applications as they potentially could modulate a user’s perception of the passage of time. We also found no significant difference in time perception between the real and the VR conditions (avatar, no-avatar), but further research is needed to better understand this outcome.

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Engaging narratives evoke similar neural activity and lead to similar time perception

10.1101/104778 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samantha Cohen ◽

Simon Henin ◽

Lucas C. Parra

Keyword(s):

Neural Activity ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Neural Processing ◽

Time Duration ◽

Similar Time ◽

Attentional Resources ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Attentional Engagement ◽

Perception Of Time

AbstractIt is said that we lose track of time - that “time flies” - when we are engrossed in a story. How does engagement with the story cause this distorted perception of time, and what are its neural correlates? People commit both time and attentional resources to an engaging stimulus. For narrative videos, attentional engagement can be represented as the level of similarity between the electroencephalographic responses of different viewers. Here we show that this measure of neural engagement predicted the duration of time that viewers were willing to commit to narrative videos. Contrary to popular wisdom, engagement did not distort the average perception of time duration. Rather, more similar brain responses resulted in a more uniform perception of time across viewers. These findings suggest that by capturing the attention of an audience, narrative videos bring both neural processing and the subjective perception of time into synchrony.

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Accuracy of Time Duration Estimations in Virtual Reality

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 2079-2083

Author(s):

Steven C. Mallam ◽

Jørgen Ernstsen ◽

Salman Nazir

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Virtual Environments ◽

Completion Time ◽

Learning Effect ◽

Task Completion ◽

Desktop Computer ◽

Time Duration ◽

Head Mounted Displays ◽

Time Periods ◽

Perception Of Time

Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays (VR HMDs) offer highly immersive experiences that may alter users’ awareness and perception of the “real-world”. This paper investigates users’ perception of short duration (<5 minutes) time periods during simulated scenarios between two different simulation mediums. Fifty participants (Age: M=29.2 years; SD=10.7 years; 15 Females; 35 Males) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (i) VR HMD or (ii) desktop computer configuration, where they performed identical searching tasks within a virtual environment three consecutive times. After each virtual session participants were asked to verbally report their perception of time duration. Results reveal that participants across both groups overestimated time duration in virtual environments by an average of 20.3%. As participants gained experience performing the task repeatedly across three consecutive attempts, their task completion time reduced (i.e. learning effect). However, participants’ accuracy of time perception continued to be consistently overestimated across both conditions.

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eWOM credibility: a comprehensive framework and literature review

Online Information Review ◽

10.1108/oir-06-2020-0263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Verma ◽

Prem Prakash Dewani

Keyword(s):

Peer Review ◽

Integrated Model ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Multiple Perspectives ◽

Specific Design ◽

Content Type ◽

Design Elements ◽

Extant Literature ◽

Comprehensive Framework ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) credibility. Further, the authors propose a comprehensive and integrated model on eWOM credibility.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a systematic review of the extant literature on marketing, sociology and psychology to identify the factors that affect eWOM credibility. Further, the authors developed themes and identified factors which lead to eWOM credibility.FindingsFour factors were identified, i.e. content, communicator, context and consumer, which affect eWOM credibility. Several variables associated with these four factors were identified, which result in eWOM credibility. Further, the authors developed 22 propositions to explain the causal relationship between these variables and eWOM credibility.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual model needs empirical validation across various eWOM platforms, i.e. social networking websites, e-commerce websites, etc.Practical implicationsManagers and e-commerce vendors can use these inputs to develop specific design elements and assessment tools which can help consumers to identify credible eWOM messages. Credible eWOM messages, in turn, will increase the “trust” and “loyalty” of the customers on e-commerce vendors.Originality/valueThis paper provides a conclusive takeaway of eWOM credibility literature by integrating multiple perspectives and arguments from the extant literature. This study also presents an integrated model, which provides a theoretical framework for researchers to further examine the interaction effect of various variables, which results in eWOM credibility.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2020-0263

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