scholarly journals Dwarfing and the underlying morphological changes of Poa alpigena plants in response to overgrazing conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi hongxiao ◽  
Hou xiangyang ◽  
Wu xinghong ◽  
Song haiqun ◽  
Yang tingting
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
Guide Wall ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Poa alpigena as the research object on alpine meadow in this paper,analyzed the change characteristics of the stem and leaf anatomical structures of Poa alpigena plants under the overgrazing and enclosed conditions aims to revealed the dwarfing of morphological mechanism in overgrazing.the results show that that leaf thickness, leaf epidermal thickness, epidermal cell area, and phloem thickness increased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). In contrast, xylem thickness, mesophyll cell area, and guide wall thickness decreased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). Mesophyll cell density was relatively unaffected by grazing intensity. Additionally, the plasticity indices were high (i.e., greater than 0.5) for leaf area, upper epidermal cutin layer thickness, and leaf xylem thickness. The plasticity indices were greater than 0.4 for stem tube diameter, epidermal cell size, and epidermal cuticle thickness. These results reflected the Poa alpigena stem and leaf structural changes induced by the water and mechanical stresses caused by grazing livestock. Thus, plateau plants adapt to grazing stress by increasing the thickness of their leaves, cuticles, and phloem. The Poa alpigena mesophyll cell area as well as the stem epidermal cell area and density decrease in response to minor changes in grazing intensity, which ultimately result in the shortened leaves and stems of dwarf plants.

scholarly journals Dwarfing and the underlying morphological changes of Poa alpigena plants in response to overgrazing conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi hongxiao ◽  
Hou xiangyang ◽  
Wu xinghong ◽  
Song haiqun ◽  
Yang tingting
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
Guide Wall ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Poa alpigena as the research object on alpine meadow in this paper,analyzed the change characteristics of the stem and leaf anatomical structures of Poa alpigena plants under the overgrazing and enclosed conditions aims to revealed the dwarfing of morphological mechanism in overgrazing.the results show that that leaf thickness, leaf epidermal thickness, epidermal cell area, and phloem thickness increased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). In contrast, xylem thickness, mesophyll cell area, and guide wall thickness decreased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). Mesophyll cell density was relatively unaffected by grazing intensity. Additionally, the plasticity indices were high (i.e., greater than 0.5) for leaf area, upper epidermal cutin layer thickness, and leaf xylem thickness. The plasticity indices were greater than 0.4 for stem tube diameter, epidermal cell size, and epidermal cuticle thickness. These results reflected the Poa alpigena stem and leaf structural changes induced by the water and mechanical stresses caused by grazing livestock. Thus, plateau plants adapt to grazing stress by increasing the thickness of their leaves, cuticles, and phloem. The Poa alpigena mesophyll cell area as well as the stem epidermal cell area and density decrease in response to minor changes in grazing intensity, which ultimately result in the shortened leaves and stems of dwarf plants.

scholarly journals Effect of lead treatment on the stipe and leaflet anatomy of Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos (Pteridaceae: fern)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
R.A. Bamigboye ◽  
A.A. Yusuf ◽  
F.A. Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Key Words Anatomy ◽  
Leaflet Anatomy ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Screen House

The effect of various concentrations of Lead on stipe and leaflet anatomy of Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos were investigated. Fernlets were transplanted into 5 kg pots of soil pre-treated with five different concentrations of Lead, adequately watered and arranged in a complete randomized design in the screen house. Pots with no Lead treatment served as control. At twelve weeks after planting, plants were carefully removed, washed and taken to the laboratory. Anatomical sections of leaflets and stipe of each of the treatments were carried out with a sledge microtome (10-15 μm). Microscopic observations of structures were made after staining the sections. In Pteris vittata, the thickness of the cuticle of the stipe increased with increasing Lead concentrations but the reverse of this was observed in Pityrogamma calomelanos. There was also significant reduction of epidermal and mesophyll cell area of both species with increasing Lead concentrations. It can be concluded from this study that P. vittata has a higher tolerance level to Lead than Pityrogramma calomelanos. Key words: Anatomy, Cuticle thickness, Ferns, Lead, Pteridaceae.

Structural changes in uterine tissues after uterine artery embolization in patients with leiomyoma complicated by uterine bleeding

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
G P Titova ◽  
M M Damirov ◽  
L S Kokov ◽  
O N Oleynikova ◽  
G E Belozerov
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Uterine Tumors

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is often complicated by the development of uterine bleeding. In urgent gynecology for the implementation of endovascular hemostasis, uterine artery embolization (UAE) is used. Performing UAE allows to stop and/or significantly reduce the intensity of bleeding and prepare a patient for surgical intervention. At the same time, the morphological changes that occur in uterine tissues in operated UL patients after performing the UAE are not studied. The aim was to study the peculiarities of pathomorphological changes in uterine tumors and tissues in operated UL patients complicated by uterine bleeding after performing UAE. Material and methods. The results of morphological changes appearing in tumors and tissues of the uterus in 39 operated UL patients, who were used for stopping uterine bleeding, were analyzed. Results. After applying different types of embolizing agents in macroscopic study of the uterus, signs of ischemia of its tissues were revealed, and the most pronounced disorders were detected in the UL nodes. Morphologically it was established that UAE microemboli resulted in vessel occlusion with increasing thrombosis in their distal sections. UAE was not accompanied by occlusal occlusion of the arteries and resulted in small-scale necrosis of the tumor with complete regeneration of the endometrium. Conclusions. The results of the morphological study showed that after the UAE was performed, the myomatous nodes underwent dystrophic, necrobiotic and necrotic changes. Depending on the nature of occlusion of the uterine arteries, various variants of necrosis (scale and completeness of the process) developed in the tumor tissue, which was aseptic in nature.

Thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional printed functional prototypes for electro chemical energy storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaljit Singh Boparai ◽  
Rupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Fused Deposition

This study highlights the thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional (3D) printed functional prototypes by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. These functional prototypes have some applications as electro-chemical energy storage devices (EESD). Initially, the suitability of ABS-Graphene composite material for FDM applications has been examined by melt flow index (MFI) test. After establishing MFI, the feedstock filament for FDM has been prepared by an extrusion process. The fabricated filament has been used for printing 3D functional prototypes for printing of in-house EESD. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was conducted to understand the effect on glass transition temperature with the inclusion of Graphene (Gr) particles. It has been observed that the reinforced Gr particles act as a thermal reservoir (sink) and enhances its thermal/electrical conductivity. Also, FT-IR spectra realized the structural changes with the inclusion of Gr in ABS matrix. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based micrographs for understanding the morphological changes.

Staphylococcal infection and pathomurfological characteristic of the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Samira Mammadhasan Yagubova ◽  
◽  
Elchin Chingiz Akbarov ◽  
Tarana Nadir Mirzayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Specific Symptoms

During the staphylococcal infection, changes in the interaction of glandular cells, dystrophic and disorganizing pathologies in tissues, especially acute structural and hemodynamic changes in the stroma of the glands in the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system, develop from the first day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, on the background of a decrease in exudative processes, fibroplastic reactions are significantly activated, resulting in signs of incomplete regeneration – mainly sclerotic processes and cystic-atrophic changes in the parenchyma. Structural changes in tissues in the early stages of staphylococcal infection and the dynamics of development are characterized by specific symptoms in each of the glands. Since the pituitary gland is exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors earlier and more often than the adrenal glands, and the adrenal glands are earlier than the thyroid gland, dystrophic and destructive changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands are more pronounced at the early stage of the experiment. These morphological changes can change the hormonal status of the body and lead to dysfunction of the endocrine system as a whole – a decrease in the functional activity of the glands to some extent, and even inhibition of adenohypophyseal cells. Key words: staphylococcal infection, peritonitis, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands

The effect of dopamine depletion on light-evoked and circadian retinomotor movements in the teleost retina

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Douglas ◽  
H.-J. Wagner ◽  
M. Zaunreiter ◽  
U. D. Behrens ◽  
M. B. A. Djamgoz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Teleost Retina ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

AbstractThe retinae of lower vertebrates undergo a number of structural changes during light adaptation, including the photomechanical contraction of cone myoids and the dispersion of melanin granules within the epithelial pigment. Since the application of dopamine to dark-adapted retinae is known to produce morphological changes that are characteristic of light adaptation, dopamine is accepted as a causal mechanism for such retinomotor movements. However, we report here that in the teleost fish, Aequidens pulcher, the intraocular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a substance known to destroy dopaminergic retinal cells, has no effect on the triggering of light-adaptive retinomotor movements of the cones and epithelial pigment and only slightly depresses the final level of light adaptation reached. Furthermore, the retina continues to show circadian retinomotor changes even after 48 h in continual darkness that are similar in both control and 6-OHDA injected fish. Biochemical assay and microscopic examination showed that 6-OHDA had destroyed dopaminergic retinal cells. We conclude, therefore, that although a dopaminergic mechanism is probably involved in the control of light-induced retinomotor movements, it cannot be the only control mechanism, nor can it be the cause of circadian retinomotor migrations. Interestingly, 6-OHDA injected eyes never reached full retinomotor dark adaptation, suggesting that dopamine has a role to play in the retina's response to darkness.

High levels of androgens cause chondrocyte accumulation and loss of smooth muscle in the mouse penile body†

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233
Author(s):  
Deepak S Hiremath ◽  
Elizabeth C Geerling ◽  
Lan Hai ◽  
Prema Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Receptor ◽  
Corpora Cavernosa ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Very High ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract Androgens are essential for penile development and for maintaining penile structural and functional integrity. Loss of androgen levels or function results in a decrease in smooth muscle content, accumulation of adipocytes in the corpora cavernosa, and inhibition of erectile function. Our previous studies with a mouse model (KiLHRD582G) of constitutive luteinizing hormone receptor activity also showed structural abnormalities in the penis caused by a decrease in smooth muscle content, accumulation of chondrocytes, and sexual dysfunction. As KiLHRD582G mice exhibit very high levels of testosterone at all postnatal ages, the goal of this study was to determine if the elevated androgen levels were responsible for the morphological changes in the penis. Implantation of testosterone capsules in wild-type mice at neonatal (2 weeks) and postpubertal (5 weeks) ages resulted in the accumulation of chondrocytes in the corpora cavernosa of the adult animals. Mice implanted with testosterone capsules at 2 weeks of age exhibited a 4-fold increase in serum testosterone with a 1.5-fold loss of smooth muscle at 24 weeks of age. Collagen content was unchanged. Only 57% of testosterone implanted mice were fertile at 24 weeks of age. Mice implanted with testosterone capsules at 5 weeks of age showed no decrease in smooth muscle content at 24 weeks, although serum testosterone levels were elevated 5-fold. Implantation with dihydrotestosterone also resulted in chondrocyte accumulation and a 2-fold loss in smooth muscle content. Together, these studies demonstrate that supraphysiological levels of androgens cause structural changes in the penile corpora cavernosa and impair fertility.

Alterations in intramuscular water movement associated with mechanical changes in human skeletal muscle fibers: an evaluation using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and B-mode ultrasonography

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Yanagisawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
Toru Fukubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

Background Intramuscular water movement is expected to be affected by the mechanical changes of the muscle fibers. However, the effect of changes in fiber length (FL) and pennation angle (PA) on the water movement has not been sufficiently investigated in human skeletal muscles. Purpose To determine the relationship between intramuscular water movement and the mechanical changes in human muscle fibers. Material and Methods Axial magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted images of the right leg (eight men) were taken using a 1.5-Tesla device with the ankle joint maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantar flexed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of both the dorsiflexors (the superficial and deep parts of the tibialis anterior) and the plantar flexors (medial gastrocnemius and soleus) were calculated along three orthogonal axes (S-I: superior-to-inferior, A-P: anterior-to-posterior, and R-L: right-to-left). FL and PA of both muscle groups were also calculated from longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images with the ankle joint maximally dorsiflexed and plantar flexed. Results There was a significant increase in the ADC in superficial ( P < 0.05) and deeP ( P < 0.05) parts of the dorsiflexors in the S-I direction when the ankle was plantar flexed and in the A-P and R-L directions when the ankle was dorsiflexed ( P < 0.05). The plantar flexors showed significantly elevated ADC in the S-I direction when the ankle was dorsiflexed ( P < 0.05), and in the A-P and R-L directions when the ankle was plantar flexed ( P < 0.05). The dorsiflexors also showed significantly increased PA and decreased FL values when the ankle was dorsiflexed ( P < 0.05). The plantar flexors displayed similar morphological changes when the ankle was plantar flexed ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Water diffusion is affected by structural changes in the long axis of the muscle fibers, namely the changes in PA and FL.

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