scholarly journals Effect of lead treatment on the stipe and leaflet anatomy of Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos (Pteridaceae: fern)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
R.A. Bamigboye ◽  
A.A. Yusuf ◽  
F.A. Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Key Words Anatomy ◽  
Leaflet Anatomy ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Screen House

The effect of various concentrations of Lead on stipe and leaflet anatomy of Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos were investigated. Fernlets were transplanted into 5 kg pots of soil pre-treated with five different concentrations of Lead, adequately watered and arranged in a complete randomized design in the screen house. Pots with no Lead treatment served as control. At twelve weeks after planting, plants were carefully removed, washed and taken to the laboratory. Anatomical sections of leaflets and stipe of each of the treatments were carried out with a sledge microtome (10-15 μm). Microscopic observations of structures were made after staining the sections. In Pteris vittata, the thickness of the cuticle of the stipe increased with increasing Lead concentrations but the reverse of this was observed in Pityrogamma calomelanos. There was also significant reduction of epidermal and mesophyll cell area of both species with increasing Lead concentrations. It can be concluded from this study that P. vittata has a higher tolerance level to Lead than Pityrogramma calomelanos. Key words: Anatomy, Cuticle thickness, Ferns, Lead, Pteridaceae.

scholarly journals Dwarfing and the underlying morphological changes of Poa alpigena plants in response to overgrazing conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi hongxiao ◽  
Hou xiangyang ◽  
Wu xinghong ◽  
Song haiqun ◽  
Yang tingting
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
Guide Wall ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Poa alpigena as the research object on alpine meadow in this paper,analyzed the change characteristics of the stem and leaf anatomical structures of Poa alpigena plants under the overgrazing and enclosed conditions aims to revealed the dwarfing of morphological mechanism in overgrazing.the results show that that leaf thickness, leaf epidermal thickness, epidermal cell area, and phloem thickness increased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). In contrast, xylem thickness, mesophyll cell area, and guide wall thickness decreased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). Mesophyll cell density was relatively unaffected by grazing intensity. Additionally, the plasticity indices were high (i.e., greater than 0.5) for leaf area, upper epidermal cutin layer thickness, and leaf xylem thickness. The plasticity indices were greater than 0.4 for stem tube diameter, epidermal cell size, and epidermal cuticle thickness. These results reflected the Poa alpigena stem and leaf structural changes induced by the water and mechanical stresses caused by grazing livestock. Thus, plateau plants adapt to grazing stress by increasing the thickness of their leaves, cuticles, and phloem. The Poa alpigena mesophyll cell area as well as the stem epidermal cell area and density decrease in response to minor changes in grazing intensity, which ultimately result in the shortened leaves and stems of dwarf plants.

scholarly journals Dwarfing and the underlying morphological changes of Poa alpigena plants in response to overgrazing conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi hongxiao ◽  
Hou xiangyang ◽  
Wu xinghong ◽  
Song haiqun ◽  
Yang tingting
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Change Characteristics ◽  
Guide Wall ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Poa alpigena as the research object on alpine meadow in this paper,analyzed the change characteristics of the stem and leaf anatomical structures of Poa alpigena plants under the overgrazing and enclosed conditions aims to revealed the dwarfing of morphological mechanism in overgrazing.the results show that that leaf thickness, leaf epidermal thickness, epidermal cell area, and phloem thickness increased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). In contrast, xylem thickness, mesophyll cell area, and guide wall thickness decreased with increasing grazing intensity (p < 0.05). Mesophyll cell density was relatively unaffected by grazing intensity. Additionally, the plasticity indices were high (i.e., greater than 0.5) for leaf area, upper epidermal cutin layer thickness, and leaf xylem thickness. The plasticity indices were greater than 0.4 for stem tube diameter, epidermal cell size, and epidermal cuticle thickness. These results reflected the Poa alpigena stem and leaf structural changes induced by the water and mechanical stresses caused by grazing livestock. Thus, plateau plants adapt to grazing stress by increasing the thickness of their leaves, cuticles, and phloem. The Poa alpigena mesophyll cell area as well as the stem epidermal cell area and density decrease in response to minor changes in grazing intensity, which ultimately result in the shortened leaves and stems of dwarf plants.

scholarly journals Carbon and Microbial Dynamics in Soil on Biochar Compost Plus Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Wahyu Purbalisa ◽  
Ina Zulaehah ◽  
Dolty Melyga W. Paputri ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
Compost Treatment ◽  
Screen House

Carbon and microbes in the soil fluctuated from time to time due to various things. This study aims to determine the dynamics of carbon and microbes in the soil in the treatment of biochar-compost. In addition to the use of biochar-compost, this research also uses nano biochar and enrichment with microbial consortia. The study was conducted at the screen house using a complete randomized design with three replications with following treatments: control / without organic fertilizer (P0), compost (P1), biochar-compost 1: 4 (P2), nano-biochar-compost 1: 4 (P3 ), biochar-compost + microbial consortia (P4), compost + microbial consortia (P5) and biochar-compost + microbial consortia (P6) with a dose of 2.5 tons/ha respectively. Biochar comes from corncobs. Compost biochar plus application was made before planting.  Parameters observed were soil carbon (C-organic), soil acidity (pH) at 7 DAA, 37 DAA and after harvest, and the total soil microbial population at 2 DAA and after harvest. Soil carbon was measured using Walkey and Black method measured by spectrophotometer, soil pH using a soil: water ratio = 1: 5 and measured by a pH meter, the total microbial population using Total Plate Counting (TPC) method. The results showed carbon and soil microbial populations decreased over time, except for microbial communities in a single compost treatment.

scholarly journals The different response of sugarcane genotypes in multiple stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-539
Author(s):  
Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Sabrina da Silva Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Condition ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

ABSTRACT Research focused on identify abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes is highly desirable since their use may reduce costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior of 24 sugarcane genotypes under high levels of Al3+ and Mn2+ associated with low availability of mineral nutrients. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition in a 24 × 2 factorial scheme (24 genotypes × 2 treatments: with and without stress), and four replications in completely randomized design. In the treatment without stress plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution whereas in the treatment with stress a nutrient solution with a high acidity (4.0 ± 0.1) and 5% of its original concentration, as well as a high concentration of aluminum (60 mg L-1) and manganese (700 mg L-1) was used. The genotypes RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902, and IAC91-1099 had their biometric characteristics less affected by the stress, possibly due to the ability to continue the process of cell division and elongation and to maintain meristematic viable regions, hence they were considered as the most tolerant. On the other hand, the genotypes RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20, and CTC99-1906 were the most sensitive to stress. Root system was the most affected by stress, with most genotypes showing more than 70% reduction in root biomass. No relationship was observed between tolerance level of genotypes and the maturation cycles.

Arsenic hyperaccumulation by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos: a comparative study of uptake efficiency in arsenic-treated soils and waters

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3041-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. Yong ◽  
S. N. Tan ◽  
Y. F. Ng ◽  
K. K. K. Low ◽  
S. F. Peh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Arsenic Hyperaccumulation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Better Than

This work comprised of the comparative study of arsenic (As) uptake efficiency by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos grown in (i) As amended soils (0–600 ppm) and (ii) As tainted water (40 ppb) using a new compact continuous flow phytofiltration system in a tropical greenhouse. The As hyperaccumulation efficiency was dependent on the growth medium for the two fern species. The highest level of As detected in the fronds of P. vittata was 19,300 ± 190 ppm (dry weight basis) and 11,600 ± 230 ppm for Pityrogramma calomelanos, after growing for 78 days in soils amended with As. In the compact continuous flow As phytofiltration system experiments, Pityrogramma calomelanos was found to perform better than P. vittata in phytofiltrating As contaminated water under waterlogged conditions. During the 167 h of phytofiltration experiment, the removal efficiency was approximately 99% and 67% for Pityrogramma calomelanos and P. vittata systems respectively, based on an initial 40 ppb As. Pityrogramma calomelanos also required a shorter acclimatization time than P. vittata under waterlogged conditions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Conservation of Some Threatened and Economically Important Ferns Belonging to the Indian Subcontinent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shastri P. Shukla ◽  
P. B. Khare
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Western Ghat ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Mass Multiplication ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Spore Culture

This study was undertaken to identify methods of mass multiplication for five ornamental, economically important ferns (Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott., N. cordifolia cv. ‘‘duffii’’ (L.) Presl., N. exaltata cv. bostoniensis (L.) Schott., Pteris vittata L., and Cyclosorus dentatus Link.,) and three threatened ferns, namely, Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex. Hook, Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link., and Microsorum punctatum (L.) Schott., through in vitro techniques. Collections were made from different biodiversity zones of India including Northeast Himalayas, Kumaon Himalayas, and Western Ghat and successfully introduced and grown in a fern-house. Aseptic cultures were raised at the morphogenic level of callus, axillary shoot, multiple shoot, and rooted plants. An optimized medium is described for each fern species. Plantlets were also produced from spore culture of Cyathea spinulosa and successfully hardened under fern house conditions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK MIKRO KENTANG VARIETAS GRANOLA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Efriana Jon
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Micro Cutting ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) isan agricultural crop that has high economic value, it gets priority to be developed. This research at was conducted Screen House of Balai Benih Induk Kentang (BBIK) Kayu Aro subdistrict Kerinci regency.The purpose of this research was to know the effect of planting media On Micro Cutting Growth Of Granola Potato Variety (Solanum Tuberosum L). This study was used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 6 Treatment 10 Deuteronomy. The observed parameters were percentage of live micro cuttings potato, the high micro cuttings, number of shoots, numbr of leaves, and length of rootwere analyzed by the variance of investigation and followed by DNMRT advanced test at 5% level. The investigation result of the highest percentage (%)of micro cutting potato live was 90%. The High of micro cuttings, number of shoots and number of leaves of micro cuttings granola varieties was showed that no significant effect on the treatment given. Whereas for the root length of micro cuttings showed thatthere was a significantly different effect.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CHROMIUM STRESS ON MICRO-ANATOMICAL PROFILE OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Nur Fitrianto ◽  
Siti Samiyarsih ◽  
Dede Winda Nur Fauziah ◽  
Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Root Diameter ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Chromium Stress ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Stomatal Number

Chromium contamination can affect morphological, physiological, and anatomical changes, especially in chili vegetative organs. This research aims to understand micro-anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of chili subjected to chromium stress. The aim of the research is to know whether there is a micro-anatomical character difference between contaminated and uncontaminated chromium. The experimental methods using a completely randomized design (CRD). The independent variable is five levels of chromium concentration, i.e., 0; 50; 100; 200; and 300 ppm. The method of preparing anatomical preparations of the stem using a non-embedding and embedding method. The parameters observed in root and stem are organ diameter, xylem, thick of epidermis, and cortex. In contrast, leaf organ parameter includes thick cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, stomata size (length and width), and stomatal number. The research results showed that organ anatomical structure, i.e., root, stem, and leaf in chromium stress condition did not change. Chromium deposition causes a decrease in root diameter, xylem, thick cortex roots, stem diameter, xylem, the thickness of the epidermis and cortex, leaf epidermal thickness, mesophyll, size of stomata width and number. In contrast, the chromium stress causes an increase in the thickness of the root epidermis (43,18%), cuticle thickness (36,36%), and leaf stomata length (33,33%) of chili as chromium concentrations increase. The anatomical structure of chili leaves changes after being contaminated chromium stress. 

scholarly journals Tingkat Ketahanan 70 aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kenaf terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Schletch; Assessment of Kenaf Germplasm Against Fusarium oxysporum Schletch

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Supriyono Supriyono ◽  
Titiek Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Accession ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Research Institute

<p>Salah satu penyakit penting yang sangat merugikan tanaman kenaf adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> Schlecht. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi tingkat ketahanan aksesi kenaf terhadap jamur <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Malang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap) yang diulang tiga kali. Dalam evaluasi ini digunakan 70 aksesi dan 1 aksesi tahan (BG-52-135) yang digunakan sebagai kontrol. Inokulasi dilakukan pada 7 hari setelah tanam (HST) menggunakan suspensi spora dengan kerapatan10<sup>5</sup>/ml sebanyak 100 ml setiap bak. Pengamatan intensitas serangan dilakukan mulai 10–40 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) dengan interval pengamatan lima hari. Pengamatan persentase diskolorisasi batang dilakukan sekali pada 50 HSI. Hasil pengujian memperoleh 1 aksesi (FJ/017) sangat tahan dengan intensitas serangan terrendah (0,83%) dan 14 aksesi tahan dengan intensitas serangan <span style="text-decoration: underline;">&lt;</span>10%, 28 aksesi dengan ketahanan moderat, dan 27 aksesi yang rentan terhadap infeksi <em>F. oxysporum</em>. Aksesisi FJ/017 (aksesi yang sangat tahan) dan 14 aksesi yang tahan: 1064(SUC/012), 1061(SRB/082), 1035(FJ/005), 839(PARC/2709), 955(FJ/003), 842(PARC/2712), 1095(SUC/003), 838(PARC/2708), 957(FJ/ 007), 1065(SUC/023), 1042(CHN/056), 145(BL/118), 1036(FJ/006), dan 778(PARC/2466) dapat digunakan sebagai sumber ketahanan pada perakitan varietas baru.</p><p> </p><p>One of the important disease that very detrimental to kenaf is Fusarium wilt caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> Schlecht. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of 70 kenaf germplasm<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span> accessions against <em>F</em><em>.</em><em> oxysporum</em>. The study was conducted at the Phytopatology Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang using completely randomized design with three replicates.  Seventy accessions and one resistant accession as control (1267 (BG-52-135) were used in this study.  Inoculation of <em>Fusarium</em> was done 7 days after sowing (das) by sprinkling 100 ml of spore suspension into the soil.  Observation of disease intensity started at 10–40 days after inoculation (dai) and repeated every five days.  Percentage of stalk discolorization was estimated at 50 dai.  The results showed that accession 1040 (FJ/017) had the lowest disease intensity (0.83%), hence was categorized as a highly resitant accession. Fourteen accessions were categorized as resistant with disease intensity below or equal to 10%; 28 accessions were moderate resistant; and 27 accessions were susceptible.  FJ/017 (the highset resistant accession) and 14 resis-tant accessions (1064(SUC/012), 1061(SRB/082), 1035(FJ/005), 839(PARC/2709), 955(FJ/003), 842(PARC/ 2712), 1095(SUC/003), 838PARC/2708), 957(FJ/007), 1065(SUC/023), 1042(CHN/056), 145(BL/118), 1036 (FJ/006), dan 778(PARC/2466)) could be used as resistant  genetic sources  in developing new varieties.</p>

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