scholarly journals Statistical infarction: A postmortem of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab pizza publications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Anaya ◽  
Tim van der Zee ◽  
Nick Brown
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Third Party ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
First Time ◽  
Suitable Case

We previously reported over 150 inconsistencies in a series of four articles (the "pizza papers") from the Cornell Food and Brand Lab that described a study of eating habits at an all-you-can-eat pizza buffet. The lab's initial response led us to investigate more of their work, and our investigation has now identified issues with at least 45 publications from this lab. Perhaps because of the growing media attention, Cornell and the lab have released a statement concerning the pizza papers, which included a response to the inconsistencies, along with data and code. Many of the inconsistencies were identified with the new technique of granularity testing, and this case has the highest density of granularity inconsistencies that we know of. This is also the first time a data set has been made public after granularity concerns were raised, making it a highly suitable case study for showing the accuracy and potential of this technique. It is also important that a third party audit the lab's response, given the continuing investigation of misconduct and presumably future reports and data releases. Our careful inspection of the data set suggests no evidence of fabrication, but we found the lab's report confusing, incomplete, and error prone. In addition, we found the number of missing, unusual, and logically impossible responses in the data set highly concerning. Unfortunately, given the unsound theory, poor methodology, questionable data, and countless errors, we find it remarkable that these four papers were published and recommend retraction of all four papers.

scholarly journals Statistical infarction: A postmortem of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab pizza publications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Anaya ◽  
Tim van der Zee ◽  
Nick Brown
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Third Party ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
First Time ◽  
Suitable Case

We previously reported over 150 inconsistencies in a series of four articles (the "pizza papers") from the Cornell Food and Brand Lab that described a study of eating habits at an all-you-can-eat pizza buffet. The lab's initial response led us to investigate more of their work, and our investigation has now identified issues with at least 45 publications from this lab. Perhaps because of the growing media attention, Cornell and the lab have released a statement concerning the pizza papers, which included a response to the inconsistencies, along with data and code. Many of the inconsistencies were identified with the new technique of granularity testing, and this case has the highest density of granularity inconsistencies that we know of. This is also the first time a data set has been made public after granularity concerns were raised, making it a highly suitable case study for showing the accuracy and potential of this technique. It is also important that a third party audit the lab's response, given the continuing investigation of misconduct and presumably future reports and data releases. Our careful inspection of the data set suggests no evidence of fabrication, but we found the lab's report confusing, incomplete, and error prone. In addition, we found the number of missing, unusual, and logically impossible responses in the data set highly concerning. Unfortunately, given the unsound theory, poor methodology, questionable data, and countless errors, we find it remarkable that these four papers were published and recommend retraction of all four papers.

scholarly journals Comparison of long-term Moscow and Danish NLC observations: statistical results

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2841-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dalin ◽  
S. Kirkwood ◽  
H. Andersen ◽  
O. Hansen ◽  
N. Pertsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Noctilucent Clouds ◽  
Characteristic Scale ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Data Set ◽  
First Time ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Statistical Results

Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are the highest clouds in the Earth's atmosphere, observed close to the mesopause at 80–90 km altitudes. Systematic NLC observations conducted in Moscow for the period of 1962–2005 and in Denmark for 1983–2005 are compared and statistical results both for seasonally summarized NLC parameters and for individual NLC appearances are described. Careful attention is paid to the weather conditions during each season of observations. This turns out to be a very important factor both for the NLC case study and for long-term data set analysis. Time series of seasonal values show moderate similarity (taking into account the weather conditions) but, at the same time, the comparison of individual cases of NLC occurrence reveals substantial differences. There are positive trends in the Moscow and Danish normalized NLC brightness as well as nearly zero trend in the Moscow normalized NLC occurrence frequency but these long-term changes are not statistically significant. The quasi-ten-year cycle in NLC parameters is about 1 year shorter than the solar cycle during the same period. The characteristic scale of NLC fields is estimated for the first time and it is found to be less than 800 km.

scholarly journals 1064 nm Raman lidar for extinction and lidar ratio profiling: Cirrus case study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Haarig ◽  
Ronny Engelmann ◽  
Albert Ansmann ◽  
Igor Veselovskii ◽  
David N. Whiteman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Extinction Coefficients ◽  
Lidar Ratio ◽  
Raman Backscatter ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lidar Observations

Abstract. For the first time, vertical profiles of the 1064 nm particle extinction coefficient obtained from Raman lidar observations at 1058 nm (nitrogen rotational Raman backscatter) are presented. We applied the new technique in the framework of test measurements and performed several cirrus observations of particle backscatter and extinction coefficients, and corresponding extinction-to-backscatter ratios at the wavelengths of 355, 532m and 1064 nm.

scholarly journals A Hybrid MCDM Approach in Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Provider Selection

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2729
Author(s):  
Stefan Jovčić ◽  
Petr Průša
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Third Party Logistics ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Criteria Importance ◽  
First Time

Third-party logistics (3PL) is becoming more and more popular because of globalization, e-commerce development, and increasing customer demand. More and more companies are trying to move away from their own account transportation to third-party accounts. One reason for using 3PLs is that the company can focus more on its core activities, while the 3PL service provider can provide distribution activities in a more professional way, save costs and time, and increase the level of customer satisfaction. An emerging issue for companies in the logistics industry is how they can decide on the 3PL evaluation and selection process for outsourcing activities. For the first time, the entropy and the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) methods were coupled in order to obtain hybrid criteria weights that are of huge importance to decide on the 3PL provider evaluation and selection process. The obtained criteria weights were further utilized within the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method to rank the alternatives from the best to the worst. The introduced hybrid–ARAS approach can be highly beneficial, since combining two methods gives more robust solutions on one hand, while on the other hand eliminating subjectivity. Comparative and sensitivity analyses showed the high reliability of the proposed hybrid–ARAS method. A hypothetical case study is presented to illustrate the potentials and applicability of the hybrid–ARAS method. The results showed that 3PL-2 was the best possible solution for our case.

scholarly journals Quantifying emotionally grounded discursive knowledge with cognitive-affective maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Luthardt ◽  
Jonathan Howard Morgan ◽  
Inka Bormann ◽  
Tobias Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Network Similarity

AbstractBelief systems matter for all kinds of human social interaction. People have individual cognitions and feelings concerning processes in their environment, which is why they may evaluate them differently. Belief systems can be visualized with cognitive-affective maps (CAMs; as reported by Thagard (in: McGregor (ed) EMPATHICA: A computer support system with visual representations for cognitive-affective mapping, AAAI Press, CA, 2010)). However, it is unclear whether CAMs can be constructed in an intersubjective way by different researchers attempting to map the beliefs of a third party based on qualitative text data. To scrutinize this question, we combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks about participation. Our data set consists of 10 sets of two empirical CAMs: the first CAM was created based on participants’ freely associating concepts related to participation in education (N = 10), the second one was created based on given text data which the participants represented as a CAM following a standardized instruction manual (N = 10). Both CAM-types were compared along three dimensions of similarity (network similarity, concept association similarity, affective similarity). On all dimensions of similarity, there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs, supporting the viability of cognitive affective mapping as an intersubjective research method for studying the emotional coherence of belief systems and discursive knowledge. In addition, this study highlights the potential for identifying group-level differences based on how participants associate concepts.

scholarly journals The Power of Words: State Reactions to Protest Announcements

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Vüllers ◽  
Elisa Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Credible Threat ◽  
The Government ◽  
Power Of Words ◽  
First Time

Organizations often announce their protest activities prior to their implementation to mobilize awareness, recruit supporters, and receive media attention. We are interested in the effectiveness of protest announcements—that is, under what conditions governments make concessions to avoid having an announced protest take place. Governments assess the costs and benefits of providing concessions by taking into account the level of credible threat of the announced protest and the costs related to concessions. We test these assumptions with a unique data set on protest announcements and concessions in Nepal (2007-2010). Using cross-sectional regressions, we demonstrate that protest announcements by unions, announcements with highly threatening tactics and announcements with minimal demands will bring about concessions from the government. We contribute to the growing literature on different protest tactics by providing systematic empirical evidence, for the first time, on the effectiveness of mere protest announcements.

Islamic and Jewish Religious Feminists Tackle Islamic and Jewish Oral Law: Maintenance and Rebellion of Wives

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Ruth Roded
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
First Time

Beginning in the early 1970s, Jewish and Muslim feminists, tackled “oral law”—Mishna and Talmud, in Judaism, and the parallel Hadith and Fiqh in Islam, and several analogous methodologies were devised. A parallel case study of maintenance and rebellion of wives —mezonoteha, moredet al ba?ala; nafaqa al-mar?a and nush?z—in classical Jewish and Islamic oral law demonstrates similarities in content and discourse. Differences between the two, however, were found in the application of oral law to daily life, as reflected in “responsa”—piskei halacha and fatwas. In modern times, as the state became more involved in regulating maintenance and disobedience, and Jewish law was backed for the first time in history by a state, state policy and implementation were influenced by the political system and socioeconomic circumstances of the country. Despite their similar origin in oral law, maintenance and rebellion have divergent relevance to modern Jews and Muslims.

Parent and Grandparent Relationships in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Theory Framework

Chapter 7 begins with an overview of Erikson’s ideas about intimacy and its place in the life cycle, followed by a summary of Bowlby and Ainsworth’s attachment theory framework and its relation to family development. The authors review existing longitudinal research on the development of family relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood, focusing on evidence with regard to links to McAdams and Pals’ personality model. They discuss the evidence, both questionnaire and narrative, from the Futures Study data set on family relationships, including emerging adults’ relations with parents and, separately, with grandparents, as well as their anticipations of their own parenthood. As a way of illustrating the key personality concepts from this family chapter, the authors end with a case study of Jane Fonda in youth and her father, Henry Fonda, to illustrate these issues through the lives of a 20th-century Hollywood dynasty of actors.

Vocational Development in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Vocational Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts

Chapter 6 reviews research on the topic of vocational/occupational development in relation to the McAdams and Pals tripartite personality framework of traits, goals, and life stories. Distinctions between types of motivations for the work role (as a job, career, or calling) are particularly highlighted. The authors then turn to research from the Futures Study on work motivations and their links to personality traits, identity, generativity, and the life story, drawing on analyses and quotes from the data set. To illustrate the key concepts from this vocation chapter, the authors end with a case study on Charles Darwin’s pivotal turning point, his round-the-world voyage as naturalist for the HMS Beagle. Darwin was an emerging adult in his 20s at the time, and we highlight the role of this journey as a turning point in his adult vocational development.

How to Assess Prognostic Models for Survival Data: A Case Study in Oncology

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schumacher ◽  
E. Graf ◽  
T. Gerds
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Brier Score ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Artificial Neural

Summary Objectives: A lack of generally applicable tools for the assessment of predictions for survival data has to be recognized. Prediction error curves based on the Brier score that have been suggested as a sensible approach are illustrated by means of a case study. Methods: The concept of predictions made in terms of conditional survival probabilities given the patient’s covariates is introduced. Such predictions are derived from various statistical models for survival data including artificial neural networks. The idea of how the prediction error of a prognostic classification scheme can be followed over time is illustrated with the data of two studies on the prognosis of node positive breast cancer patients, one of them serving as an independent test data set. Results and Conclusions: The Brier score as a function of time is shown to be a valuable tool for assessing the predictive performance of prognostic classification schemes for survival data incorporating censored observations. Comparison with the prediction based on the pooled Kaplan Meier estimator yields a benchmark value for any classification scheme incorporating patient’s covariate measurements. The problem of an overoptimistic assessment of prediction error caused by data-driven modelling as it is, for example, done with artificial neural nets can be circumvented by an assessment in an independent test data set.

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