scholarly journals Induced sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis colony morphology to mechanical media compression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Polka ◽  
Pamela A Silver
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Do So

Bacterial from several taxa, including Kurthia zopfii, Myxococcus xanthus, and Bacillus mycoides, have been reported to align growth of their colonies to small features on the surface of solid media, including anisotropies created by compression. While the function of this phenomenon is unclear, it may help organisms navigate on solid phases, such as soil. The origin of this behavior is also unknown: it may be biological (that is, dependent on components that sense the environment and regulate growth accordingly) or merely physical. Here we show that B. subtilis, an organism which typically does not respond to media compression, can be induced to do so with two simple and synergistically perturbations: a mutation that maintains cells in the swarming (chained) state, and the addition of EDTA to the growth media, which further increases chain length. EDTA apparently increases cell length by inducing defects in cell separation, as the treatment has only marginal effects on the length of individual cells. These results lead us to three conclusions. First, the wealth of genetic tools available to B. subtilis will provide a genetically tractable chassis for engineering compression sensitive organisms in the future. Second, the sensitivity of colony morphology to media compression in Bacillus is a physical rather than biological phenomenon dependent on a simple physical property of rod-shaped cells. And third, colony morphology under compression holds promise as a rapid, simple, and low-cost way to screen for changes in the length of rod-shaped cells or chains thereof.

scholarly journals Induced sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis colony morphology to mechanical media compression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Polka ◽  
Pamela A. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Do So

Bacteria from several taxa, including Kurthia zopfii, Myxococcus xanthus, and Bacillus mycoides, have been reported to align growth of their colonies to small features on the surface of solid media, including anisotropies created by compression. While the function of this phenomenon is unclear, it may help organisms navigate on solid phases, such as soil. The origin of this behavior is also unknown: it may be biological (that is, dependent on components that sense the environment and regulate growth accordingly) or merely physical. Here we show that B. subtilis, an organism that typically does not respond to media compression, can be induced to do so with two simple and synergistic perturbations: a mutation that maintains cells in the swarming (chained) state, and the addition of EDTA to the growth media, which further increases chain length. EDTA apparently increases cell length by inducing defects in cell separation, as the treatment has only marginal effects on the length of individual cells. These results lead us to three conclusions. First, the wealth of genetic tools available to B. subtilis will provide a new, tractable chassis for engineering compression sensitive organisms. Second, the sensitivity of colony morphology to media compression in Bacillus is a physical rather than biological phenomenon dependent on a simple physical property of rod-shaped cells. And third, colony morphology under compression holds promise as a rapid, simple, and low-cost way to screen for changes in the length of rod-shaped cells or chains thereof.

scholarly journals Induced sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis colony morphology to mechanical media compression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Polka ◽  
Pamela A Silver
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Do So

Bacterial from several taxa, including Kurthia zopfii, Myxococcus xanthus, and Bacillus mycoides, have been reported to align growth of their colonies to small features on the surface of solid media, including anisotropies created by compression. While the function of this phenomenon is unclear, it may help organisms navigate on solid phases, such as soil. The origin of this behavior is also unknown: it may be biological (that is, dependent on components that sense the environment and regulate growth accordingly) or merely physical. Here we show that B. subtilis, an organism which typically does not respond to media compression, can be induced to do so with two simple and synergistic perturbations: a mutation that maintains cells in the swarming (chained) state, and the addition of EDTA to the growth media, which further increases chain length. EDTA apparently increases cell length by inducing defects in cell separation, as the treatment has only marginal effects on the length of individual cells. These results lead us to three conclusions. First, the wealth of genetic tools available to B. subtilis will provide a genetically tractable chassis for engineering compression sensitive organisms in the future. Second, the sensitivity of colony morphology to media compression in Bacillus is a physical rather than biological phenomenon dependent on a simple physical property of rod-shaped cells. And third, colony morphology under compression holds promise as a rapid, simple, and low-cost way to screen for changes in the length of rod-shaped cells or chains thereof.

scholarly journals Induced sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis colony morphology to mechanical media compression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Polka ◽  
Pamela A Silver
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Do So

Bacteria from several taxa, including Kurthia zopfii, Myxococcus xanthus, and Bacillus mycoides, have been reported to align growth of their colonies to small features on the surface of solid media, including anisotropies created by compression. While the function of this phenomenon is unclear, it may help organisms navigate on solid phases, such as soil. The origin of this behavior is also unknown: it may be biological (that is, dependent on components that sense the environment and regulate growth accordingly) or merely physical. Here we show that B. subtilis, an organism which typically does not respond to media compression, can be induced to do so with two simple and synergistic perturbations: a mutation that maintains cells in the swarming (chained) state, and the addition of EDTA to the growth media, which further increases chain length. EDTA apparently increases cell length by inducing defects in cell separation, as the treatment has only marginal effects on the length of individual cells. These results lead us to three conclusions. First, the wealth of genetic tools available to B. subtilis will provide a genetically tractable chassis for engineering compression sensitive organisms in the future. Second, the sensitivity of colony morphology to media compression in Bacillus is a physical rather than biological phenomenon dependent on a simple physical property of rod-shaped cells. And third, colony morphology under compression holds promise as a rapid, simple, and low-cost way to screen for changes in the length of rod-shaped cells or chains thereof.

scholarly journals Induced sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis colony morphology to mechanical media compression

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Polka ◽  
Pamela A Silver
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Do So

Bacteria from several taxa, including Kurthia zopfii, Myxococcus xanthus, and Bacillus mycoides, have been reported to align growth of their colonies to small features on the surface of solid media, including anisotropies created by compression. While the function of this phenomenon is unclear, it may help organisms navigate on solid phases, such as soil. The origin of this behavior is also unknown: it may be biological (that is, dependent on components that sense the environment and regulate growth accordingly) or merely physical. Here we show that B. subtilis, an organism which typically does not respond to media compression, can be induced to do so with two simple and synergistic perturbations: a mutation that maintains cells in the swarming (chained) state, and the addition of EDTA to the growth media, which further increases chain length. EDTA apparently increases cell length by inducing defects in cell separation, as the treatment has only marginal effects on the length of individual cells. These results lead us to three conclusions. First, the wealth of genetic tools available to B. subtilis will provide a genetically tractable chassis for engineering compression sensitive organisms in the future. Second, the sensitivity of colony morphology to media compression in Bacillus is a physical rather than biological phenomenon dependent on a simple physical property of rod-shaped cells. And third, colony morphology under compression holds promise as a rapid, simple, and low-cost way to screen for changes in the length of rod-shaped cells or chains thereof.

scholarly journals Growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris in different growth media

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS A. CHIA ◽  
ANA T. LOMBARDI ◽  
MARIA DA GRACA G. MELAO
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
The Cost

The need for clean and low-cost algae production demands for investigations on algal physiological response under different growth conditions. In this research, we investigated the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris using semi-continuous cultures employing three growth media (LC Oligo, Chu 10 and WC media). The highest cell density was obtained in LC Oligo, while the lowest in Chu medium. Chlorophyll a, carbohydrate and protein concentrations and yield were highest in Chu and LC Oligo media. Lipid class analysis showed that hydrocarbons (HC), sterol esthers (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), aliphatic alcohols (ALC), acetone mobile polar lipids (AMPL) and phospholipids (PL) concentrations and yields were highest in the Chu medium. Triglyceride (TAG) and sterol (ST) concentrations were highest in the LC Oligo medium. The results suggested that for cost effective cultivation, LC Oligo medium is the best choice among those studied, as it saved the cost of buying vitamins and EDTA associated with the other growth media, while at the same time resulted in the best growth performance and biomass production.

Alternative low-cost solid media for scrubbing of hydrogen sulphide from piggery biogas

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
A. G. Skerman ◽  
S. Heubeck ◽  
D. J. Batstone ◽  
S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Media

Sub-micrometric and nanometric solid phases obtained through reductive decomposition reaction of β-cyclodextrin / Β-siklodekstrin indirgeyici bozunma reaksiyonu yoluyla elde edilen alt mikrometrik ve nanometrik katı fazlar

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Cristina Blanco ◽  
Francisco José dos Santos ◽  
Miguel Jafelicci Júnior ◽  
Mary Helen Palmuti Braga Vettori ◽  
Sandra Mara Martins Franchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Reductive Decomposition ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Solid Phases

AbstractObjective: Cyclodextrins have been used to catalyze chemical reactions in the synthesis of different materials. The aim of this study is to produce nanoparticles using cyclodextrin as a nanoreactor.Methods: In this study, nanoparticles from the solid phase of iron oxide (FeResults: The images demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited a polyhedric shape with a diameter of 100 nm for FeConclusion: Based on this characterization, the proposed technique proved to be an efficient, low-cost, convenient method for the production of sub-micrometric and nanometric solid phases and can likely be scaled up for industrial use. The results demonstrate the possibility of producing nanoparticles using cyclodextrin as a nanoreactor.

Critical Review of Japanese Disaster Medical Education for Citizens: Exploring the Method of Medutainment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikushi Yoda ◽  
◽  
Momo Shiroyama ◽  
Hirotaka Uesugi ◽  
Hironobu Kamagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Experiential Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fire Stations ◽  
Do So

Various attempts have been made to disseminate first aid treatment related to disaster medicine to the public. More specifically, employees of fire stations hold seminars and visit schools using textbooks as general practice. However, it is difficult to judge whether attendees are actively involved in them or attending only because they are required to do so. Therefore, a broad survey on books, DVDs, experiential education, and information technology (IT) centering on first aid was conducted using a hierarchical system of ages of intended audience members. This survey was performed to create an IT-based textbook to disseminate to the public first aid techniques that are difficult to learn if low-cost experience-based education is not available. In addition, a new method for “medutainment” (medical edutainment) was studied as a way to teach new disaster medicine guidelines for citizens for medical rescue training.

Combination of Au Dielectrophoresis Chip and Optical Tweezers for Cell Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 549-553
Author(s):  
Kyohei Nishimoto ◽  
Kozo Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Separation System ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Viable Cells

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) force will arise when an inhomogeneous AC electric field with sinusoidal wave is applied to microelectrodes. By using DEP, we could distinguish between viable and non-viable cells by their movement through a non-uniform electric field. In this paper, we propose a yeast cell separation system, which utilizes an Au DEP chip and an optical tweezers. The Au DEP chip is planar quadrupole microelectrodes, which were fabricated by Au thin-film and a box cutter. This fabrication method is low cost and simpler than previous existing methods. The tip of the optical tweezers was fabricated by dynamic chemical etching in a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and toluene. The optical tweezers has the feature of high manipulation performance. That does not require objective lens for focusing light because the tip of optical tweezers has conical shape. By using both the Au DEP chip and optical tweezers, we could obtain three-dimensional manipulation of specific cells after viability separation.

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