Elevated Fasting Blood Glucose is Associated with Increased Risk of Breast Cancer: Outcome of Case-control Study Conducted in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Liver plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose in fed state as well as in fasting. Diabetes mellitus can result as a consequence of liver disorder and vice versa. Objective of the present study is to compare the liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.Methods: A case- control study was conducted in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Adarsha Super speciality Hospital, Udupi from April 2018 to August 2018. The data of 174 diabetic patients and 118 healthy people as controls was collected. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated in the study subjects.Results: It was found that AST levels (47.55±4.69U/L) in diabetics extremely significantly high as compared to controls (33.51±2.33U/L). ALT levels were insignificantly high in diabetics compared to controls. ALP was significantly elevated (p=0.0002) in diabetics. Correlation study showed a weak positive correlation between AST, ALT and blood glucose. Odds ratio showed a higher risk of liver enzyme elevation in diabetics. Risk of elevation of AST was found to be 1.65 times high and ALT was 1.25 times high in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.Conclusions: Diabetics had high liver enzymes as compared to non-diabetics. An association was found between type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver enzymes. For better characterization of cause and effect, further studies need to be done on alterations in liver function tests along with the histopathological analysis of liver biopsy samples.

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Association of a Novel KIF26B Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Schizophrenia and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v50i2.5359 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saman SARGAZI ◽

Milad HEIDARI NIA ◽

Shekoufeh MIRINEJAD ◽

Mahdiyeh MOUDI ◽

Mahdiyeh JAFARI SHAHROUDI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

De Novo ◽

Case Control ◽

Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽

Salting Out ◽

Current Case ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mutation System ◽

Control Study

Background: KIF26B gene is found to play essential roles in regulating different aspects of cell proliferation and development of the nervous system. We aimed to determine if rs12407427 T/C polymorphism could affect susceptibility to schizophrenia (SZN) and breast cancer (BC), the two genetically correlated diseases. Methods: The current case-control study was performed from Aug 2018 to Dec 2018. Briefly, 159 female pathologically confirmed BC cases referring to Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and 102 psychologically confirmed SZN patients (60 males and 42 females) admitted to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan, Iran, were enrolled. Using the salting-out method, genomic DNA was extracted, and variants were genotyped using allele-specific amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Results: The results revealed a significant association between the KIF26B rs12407427 codominant CT (P=0.001), CC (P=0.0001), dominant CT+CC, and recessive CC (P=0.001) genotypes with the risk of developing SZN. Significant correlations were also found regarding rs12407427 and BC susceptibility in different inheritance models, including over-dominant CT (P=0.026), dominant CT+CC (P=0.001), recessive CC (P=0.009), and codominant CT and CC (P=0.001) genotypes. The over-presence of the C allele was also correlated with an increased risk for SZN (P=0.0001) and BC (P=0.0001). Finally, computational analysis predicted that T/C variation in this polymorphism could change the binding sites in proteins involved in splicing. Conclusion: rs12407427 T/C as a de novo KIF26B variant might be a novel genetic biomarker for SZN and/or BC susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population.

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Lifetime alcohol consumption and breast cancer: a case–control study in Finland

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980000000033 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Satu Männistö ◽

Mikko Virtanen ◽

Vesa Kataja ◽

Matti Uusitupa ◽

Pirjo Pietinen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Case Control ◽

Total Lifetime ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study ◽

Current Alcohol

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer.Design and settingA case–control study carried out in eastern Finland. Information about alcohol consumption was obtained by two methods: a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including alcohol consumption during the previous 12 months, and a lifetime alcohol consumption questionnaire (AQ) which was administered by the study nurse.SubjectsThe study consisted of 301 breast cancer cases (25–75 years old) and 443 population controls.ResultsThe subjects reported higher current alcohol consumption in the AQ compared to the FFQ. According to the AQ, premenopausal cases consumed on average 28 g and controls 24 g alcohol week−1; in postmenopausal women the values were 15 and 14 g, respectively. About 30% of premenopausal and 60% of postmenopausal women were classified as non-drinkers. The correlation for current alcohol consumption between the FFQ and the AQ was 0.80 in premenopausal women but only 0.40 in postmenopausal women. Current alcohol consumption seemed to influence the reporting of total lifetime alcohol consumption. Current alcohol consumption was not associated with the risk of breast cancer either in premenopausal or postmenopausal women; neither were associations found between alcohol consumption at age of first use, use before the age of 30, or total lifetime alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer.ConclusionsOn average, one to three drinks per week did not increase the risk of breast cancer in this study. Consumption levels were, however, too low to exclude increased risk with high regular consumption. Further research is necessary on lifetime alcohol consumption.

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Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease among Urban Women with Psoriasis: A Case–Control Study

Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1705661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (02) ◽

pp. 102-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudha Bala ◽

Archana Mavoori ◽

Harshal Pandve ◽

Chinmayee Biswal ◽

Vijay Prasanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Case Control ◽

Low Density ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background and Aim Psoriasis have a direct impact on development of cardiovascular risk factors leading to atherosclerosis and metabolic abnormalities. In order to prevent the complications, early and prompt identification of factors through various parameters help in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among these psoriatic patients. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of various determinants for cardiovascular diseases among cases and controls. Methods A hospital based case control study at a tertiary care hospital included women from the out patient department, aged above 18 years who were known cases of psoriasis. 114 patients were recruited with 1:1 ratio between cases and controls. All patients were evaluated using semi structured interview schedule with socio demographic variables, duration of disease, family history, and usage of drugs. Severity of disease was assessed through the psoriasis area severity index (PASI). Body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure measurement were done using standard methods. Lipid profile, high sensitivity C-Reactive protein (HsCRP) and blood sugar through calibrated analyzers having quality control. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was assessed by using carotid Doppler technique to measure atherosclerosis. Results One hundred fourteen patients, means 57 pairs of cases and controls were analyzed in this study. Significant determinants among cases were raised such as waist circumference (p = 0.025), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0001), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.002) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004) when compared to controls. HsCRP and CIMT were also raised among cases but only CIMT was statistically significant when compared to controls (p = 0.0001). We also found raised determinants among psoriatic arthritis patients compared to psoriasis. Conclusion Psoriasis patients had high waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, and CIMT when compared to controls. Early identification of these determinants make them amenable for prevention.

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Circulating Carnitine Levels and Breast Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-871664/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayi Zhang ◽

Gang Wu ◽

Hailong Zhu ◽

Fengyuan Yang ◽

Shuman Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

False Discovery Rates ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: The existing epidemiologic studies on the association between carnitine and breast cancer development are scarce. This study examined the association between circulating carnitine levels and breast cancer in females.Methods: This 1:1 age-matched case-control study identified 991 female breast cancer cases and 991 female controls without breast cancer. All cases and controls were confirmed with a pathological test. We measured 16 types of whole blood carnitine levels, such as free carnitine (C0) and octadecanoylcarnitine (C18), using targeted metabolomic technology. Results: The average age for cases and controls were 50.0 years (SD: 8.7 years) and 49.5 years (SD: 8.7 years), respectively. After adjusting for covariates, each SD increase in malonylcarnitine (C3DC; OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1.00), decenoylcarnitine (C10:1; OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.96) and decadienoylcarnitine (C10:2; OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.99) level was associated with decreased odds of breast cancer. However, higher butyrylcarnitine (C4) levels were associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.23). We observed no relationship between other carnitines with breast cancer. The false discovery rates for C3DC, C4, C10:1 and C10:2 were 0.172, 0.120, 0.064 and 0.139, respectively. Conclusions: Higher levels of C3DC, C10:1, and C10:2 were protective factors for breast cancer, whereas increased C4 levels were a risk factor for breast cancer.

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Negative associations for fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the development of giant cell arteritis

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 3229-3236 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karin Wadström ◽

Lennart Jacobsson ◽

Aladdin J Mohammad ◽

Kenneth J Warrington ◽

Eric L Matteson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Medical Records ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Baseline Screening ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objectives To investigate metabolic features that may predispose to GCA in a nested case–control study. Methods Individuals who developed GCA after inclusion in a population-based health survey (the Malmö Preventive Medicine Project; N = 33 346) were identified and validated through a structured review of medical records. Four controls for every validated case were selected from the database. Results A total of 76 cases with a confirmed incident diagnosis of GCA (61% female, 65% biopsy positive, mean age at diagnosis 70 years) were identified. The median time from screening to diagnosis was 20.7 years (range 3.0–32.1). Cases had significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) at baseline screening compared with controls [mean 4.7 vs 5.1 mmol/l (S.d. overall 1.5), odds ratio (OR) 0.35 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.17, 0.71)] and the association remained significant when adjusted for smoking [OR 0.33 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.16, 0.68)]. Current smokers had a reduced risk of GCA [OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.18, 0.70)]. Both cholesterol [mean 5.6 vs 6.0 mmol/l (S.d. overall 1.0)] and triglyceride levels [median 1.0 vs 1.2 mmol/l (S.d. overall 0.8)] were lower among the cases at baseline screening, with significant negative associations with subsequent GCA in crude and smoking-adjusted models [OR 0.62 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.43, 0.90) for cholesterol; 0.46 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.27, 0.81) for triglycerides]. Conclusion Development of GCA was associated with lower FBG and lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels at baseline, all adjusted for current smoking, suggesting that metabolic features predispose to GCA.

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Comparing and assessing the reported penetrance of cancer susceptibility genes for breast cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1520-1520

Author(s):

Kanhua Yin ◽

Danielle Braun ◽

Ankur Tiwari ◽

Jin Wang ◽

Preeti Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

General Population ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Cancer Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Genes ◽

Case Control ◽

Cancer Risks ◽

Cancer Susceptibility Genes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

1520 Background: It is critical for oncologists to be aware of unbiased and interpretable cancer risks (i.e., penetrance) in carriers with germline pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes. However, relevant literature is large and varies significantly in study design, patient ascertainment, and types of risk estimates reported. This heterogeneity can cause inconsistent conclusions between studies and create barriers for clinicians to understand and apply them in practice. To further understand the current literature, we assessed penetrance studies associated with non-BRCA breast cancer susceptibility genes based on study design and ascertainment adjustment. Methods: We used a validated natural language processing-based abstract classifier to identify all penetrance studies regarding eleven genes: ATM, BARD1, CDH1, CHEK2, NBN, NF1, PALB2, PTEN, RECQL, STK11, and TP53. Relevant studies were then manually annotated as “with ascertainment adjustment” if a study was based on: (1) a general population; (2) a pedigree analysis or a family-based study with appropriate ascertainment adjustment; or (3) a hospital-based study or a panel testing analysis with well-matched cases and controls. Results: A total of 49 penetrance studies were identified, with a median of nine studies for each gene (range: 4-16). The case-control study was the dominant study type, accounting for over 80% in five genes, 50% in two genes, and 18% to 43% in the other four genes. The proportion of studies with ascertainment adjustment was generally low (mean: 33%) and varied widely between different genes (7% to 80%). Contradictory breast cancer risks (no increased risk vs. significantly increased risk) were found in eight genes (73%) (Table). The most common ascertainment bias identified was a case-control study with cases (patients) who had a strong family history but using general population controls. Conclusions: Ascertainment bias is common in penetrance studies, but few studies adjust for it appropriately. Clinicians should be aware of this issue, and new methods are warranted to select unbiased risk estimates, synthesize them, and provide the accurate general-population penetrance. [Table: see text]

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Tamoxifen usage correlates with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease in older women with breast cancer: a case–control study in Taiwan

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-017-2341-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 99-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hsien-Feng Lin ◽

Kuan-Fu Liao ◽

Ching-Mei Chang ◽

Cheng-Li Lin ◽

Shih-Wei Lai

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Older Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

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A higher Dietary Inflammatory Index score is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer among Chinese women: a case–control study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517001192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (10) ◽

pp. 1358-1367 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Wu-Qing Huang ◽

Xiong-Fei Mo ◽

Yan-Bin Ye ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

Fang-Yu Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

AbstractPrevious studies have investigated the association between dietary inflammatory potential and the development of cancer. For breast cancer the results have been equivocal. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher Dietary Inflammatory IndexTM (DII) scores were associated with increased risk of breast cancer among Chinese women. A total of 867 cases and 824 controls were recruited into the present case–control study from September 2011 to February 2016. DII scores were computed based on baseline dietary intake assessed by a validated 81-item FFQ. The OR and 95 % CI were assessed by multivariable logistic regression after adjusting for various potential confounders. DII scores in this study ranged from −5·87 (most anti-inflammatory score) to +5·71 (most proinflammatory score). A higher DII score was associated with a higher breast cancer risk (adjusted ORquartile 4 v. 1 2·28; 95 % CI 1·71, 3·03; adjusted ORcontinuous 1·40; 95 %CI 1·25, 1·39). In stratified analyses, positive associations also were observed except for underweight women or women with either oestrogen receptor+ or progesterone receptor+ status (but not both). Results from this study indicated that higher DII scores, corresponding to more proinflammatory diets, were positively associated with breast cancer risk among Chinese women.

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