scholarly journals Storia controfattuale e great men in Erodoto e Tucidide

Author(s):  
Elisabetta Bianco

Thinking about the role of great men in virtual history of contemporary age, in this paper we intend to conduct an analysis of this theme starting from some significant texts of Herodotus and Thucydides, to evaluate the existence of a recourse to counterfactual reasoning in connection with the role of the individual also in Greek historiography. It emerges that counterfactuals, used perhaps not always intentionally, but, in any case, as a powerful narrative tool, help to define causal relationships and to highlight the important factors, moral and political responsibilities, including above all the ability of the leader to take reasonable decisions. The story of the past as it could have been, or, in other words, counterfactual history and not just real history, could thus encourage readers to reflect in a more engaging way than through the historical account alone, judging more actively the behaviour of great men of the past and learning from their decisions, both correct and incorrect.

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Angadi ◽  
Joseph Stemple

The nature of voice therapy has progressed since the 1930s when treatment for voice disorders was chiefly in the medical domain. The role of the speech-language-pathologist (SLP) in the treatment of voice disorders has evolved steadily over the years with advances in diagnosis and the growing base of evidence in the literature with respect to treatment. The speech-language pathologist is now an important part of the treatment team that includes the otolaryngologist, singing teacher, vocal coach, and other allied health professionals. This team approach has improved patient care with a greater focus on the individual that goes beyond the disorder. In this article, we will provide a brief history of the evolution of voice therapy that encompasses the past and present, as well as providing directions for the future.


Author(s):  
Valeriya Kibets

Modern Ukrainian historical science faces many challenges that require a scientific solution. Exploring the life and work of famous people and the history of individual regions of Ukraine are among them. The end of 19th - the beginning of 20th centuries in the history of Ukraine is characterized by a general revolutionary exaltation that was caused by sharp contradictions, national oppression, political disenfranchisement of the population. It is a time when new creators of history enter the political scene.  Nowadays, the critical task is to rethink the role of the individual in history, to explore creative people, to fill the historical process with energetic, working people, to make this process anthropocentric. It is necessary not only to revive the forgotten names but to determine a place for each personality in the history of Ukraine. The article aims to show the features of the pre-revolutionary past of Kherson city from the perspective of Leonid Solovyov, indigenous inhabitant, engineer, the qualified worker of Kherson seaport and brilliant memoirist. In his memoirs, he described the city in pre-revolutionary times and showed the changes of Kherson during Soviet power. Memoirs (memories) are a special kind of written historical sources that reflect the author’s understanding of past reality and historical consciousness of the personality of their creator. They are about the past based mostly on a personal the memory of the author and his own impressions of those events in which he participated or which he watched by himself. In his memoirs, we see the dualistic nature of historical sources, because, on the one hand, they record information about the past and, therefore, it is its reflection. On the other hand, memoirs are part of the period in which they came on. Today Mr Solovyov’s memoirs are unexplored, and this article is the first attempt to show the role of this personality. Pre-revolutionary Kherson had a number of its features. It was a small, quiet, calm, provincial town. Mr Solovyov remembers the city since 1914. He was always interested in the history of his native city. The comparison of pre-revolutionary and Soviet Kherson from the perspective of an ordinary citizen of Kherson is particularly useful. Most of Kherson citizens worked as merchants, officials, entrepreneurs and small haggler. The workers were a minority, lived mainly in the suburbs and had their property, farm. It was a typical and traditional demonstration of the usual Ukrainian way of life. The result of long and hard work of Mr. Solovyov as an ethnographer is a significant number of photo albums, including “Kherson seaport”, “Flood in Kherson”, extracts from books, magazines, newspapers about ports of Kherson, Skadovsk, Khorly, and, of course, memoirs about his native city and the port which contains unvalued layer of interesting information about the history of our city. It is shown the role of the individual in history and the impact of circumstances and the environment in the formation of his worldview and future activities from Mr Solovyov example. It is the first time when the researcher is depicted as a citizen whose life was dedicated to the service of society. The results of his work played a significant role in today’s economic and cultural potential of our city. Mr Solovyov’s great experience in the organization of productive work in the port, the realization of his interests in studying historical characteristics of the land has not lost its practical value and is useful today.


Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esethu Monakali

This article offers an analysis of the identity work of a black transgender woman through life history research. Identity work pertains to the ongoing effort of authoring oneself and positions the individual as the agent; not a passive recipient of identity scripts. The findings draw from three life history interviews. Using thematic analysis, the following themes emerge: institutionalisation of gender norms; gender and sexuality unintelligibility; transitioning and passing; and lastly, gender expression and public spaces. The discussion follows from a poststructuralist conception of identity, which frames identity as fluid and as being continually established. The study contends that identity work is a complex and fragmented process, which is shaped by other social identities. To that end, the study also acknowledges the role of collective agency in shaping gender identity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-313
Author(s):  
Enver Hasani

Kosovo’s Constitutional Court has played a role of paramount importance in the country’s recent history. The author uses a comparative analysis to discuss the role of the Court in light of the work and history of other European constitutional courts. This approach sheds light on the Court’s current role by analyzing Kosovo’s constitutional history, which shows that there has been a radical break with the past. This approach reveals the fact that Kosovo’s current Constitution does not reflect the material culture of the society of Kosovo. This radical break with the past is a result of the country’s tragic history, in which case the fight for constitutionalism means a fight for human dignity. In this battle for constitutionalism, the Court has been given very broad jurisdiction and a role to play in paving the way for Kosovo to move toward Euro-Atlantic integration in all spheres of life. Before reaching this conclusion, the author discusses the specificities of Kosovo’s transition, comparing it with other former communist countries. Among the specific features of constitutionalism in Kosovo are the role and position of the international community in the process of constitution-making and the overall design of constitutional justice in Kosovo. Throughout the article, a conclusion emerges that puts Kosovo’s Constitutional Court at the forefront of the fight for the rule of law and constitutionalism of liberal Western provenance.


Author(s):  
Fernando Coelho Dias ◽  
Mateus Menezes Ribeiro ◽  
Camilla Oleiro Da Costa ◽  
Zayanna Christine Lopes Lindôso

Introdução: Atualmente, a obesidade é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública, pois além de ser uma doença, é um fator de risco para progressão e desenvolvimento de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de indivíduos com obesidade quanto à participação em papeis ocupacionais, grau de importância atribuído a cada papel e padrão de desempenho de papeis ocupacionais ao longo da vida. Método: Configura-se como um estudo transversal do tipo exploratório de caráter descritivo, com análise quantitativa dos dados. Como instrumento, utilizou-se a Lista de Identificação de Papéis Ocupacionais. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 65 indivíduos com obesidade, 87,7% (n=57) era do sexo feminino e 12,3% (n=8) do sexo masculino, tendo como média de idade 42 anos e 9 meses. Constatou-se que o papel mais comum no passado foi o de estudante e com relação ao presente e futuro, os papeis mais citados foram os de serviço doméstico e membro da família. Quanto ao grau de importância, identificou-se que os indivíduos valorizam os papeis ocupacionais, atribuindo maior valorização aos papeis de membro da família e trabalho, e menor proporção de valor ao papel de participação em organizações. Conclusão: A condição de obesidade pode interferir no modo como o indivíduo se envolve e desempenha suas ocupações, evidenciando a terapia ocupacional como uma estratégia importante no enfrentamento da obesidade. AbstractIntroduction: Currently, obesity is considered a serious public health problem, since it is also a disease, it is a risk factor for progression and development of other chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To understand the perception of individuals with obesity regarding the participation in occupational roles throughout life, about the degree of importance attributed to each role, and in a complementary way to identify the performance pattern of occupational roles in Long life. Method: It is configured as a cross-sectional exploratory study of descriptive character, with quantitative analysis of the data, as an instrument used the identification list of occupational roles. Results: The sample consisted of 65 obese individuals. Of these, 87.7% (n = 57) were females and 12.3% (n = 8) were males, with a mean age of 42 years 9 months. It was found that the most common role in the past was that of student and in relation to the present and future the most cited roles were those of domestic service and family member. As to the degree of importance, it was identified that the individuals value the occupational roles, attributing greater value to the roles of family members and work, and less appreciation of the role of participation in organizations. Conclusion: The condition of obesity can interfere in the way the individual engages and performs his occupations, thus placing the occupational therapy professional as an important member in coping with obesity.Key words: Obesity, Activities of Daily Living, Occupations, Occupational Therapy.ResumenIntroducción: Actualmente, la obesidad se considera un grave problema de salud pública, ya que es también una enfermedad, es un factor de riesgo para la progresión y el desarrollo de otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: comprender la percepción de los individuos con obesidad con respecto a la participación en los roles ocupacionales a lo largo de la vida, sobre el grado de importancia atribuido a cada función, y de manera complementaria para identificar el patrón de desempeño de los roles ocupacionales en Larga vida. Método: se configura como un estudio exploratorio transversal de carácter descriptivo, con análisis cuantitativo de los datos, como instrumento utilizó la lista de identificación de roles ocupacionales. Resultados: la muestra consistió en 65 individuos obesos. De ellos, 87,7% (n = 57) fueron hembras y 12,3% (n = 8) fueron varones, con una edad media de 42 años 9 meses. Se descubrió que el papel más común en el pasado era el de los estudiantes y en relación con el presente y el futuro, los papeles más citados eran los del servicio doméstico y el miembro de la familia. En cuanto al grado de importancia se identificó que los individuos valoran los papeles ocupacionales, atribuyendo mayor valoración a los papeles de miembro de la familia y trabajo, y menor valorización al papel de participación en organizaciones. Conclusión: la condición de la obesidad puede interferir en la forma en que el individuo se involucra y realiza sus ocupaciones, colocando así al profesional de la terapia ocupacional como un miembro importante para hacer frente a la obesidad.Palabras clave: Obesidad, Actividades Cotidianas, Ocupaciones, Terapia Ocupacional.  


Author(s):  
Alexandra Shiller

This article is dedicated to examination of the role of guilt and shame, namely to prevalence one of these emotions in a particular culture as the leading mechanism of social control. The prevalence of guilt or shame as a cultural “dimension” has become one of the first criteria for the division of cultures into Western and Eastern, and was used by the researchers as a basic postulate for cross-cultural r. Over time, the perception of emotions as the criterion for the division of cultures has been revised. The article traces the history of research on emotions in general, namely the emotions of guilt and shame as social emotions, as well as describes guilt and shame as collective and individual experiences. Analysis is conducted on the role of guilt and shame in methodology of research on social emotions, cross-cultural studies. The author outlines certain methodological problems and contradictions, and assesses the current state of scientific research dedicated to social emotions. The conclusion is made that the research on collective sense of guilt and shame is more advanced from the perspective of cross-cultural psychology and philosophy, as well as the overall methodology of science; it allows shifting from the study of the role of individual emotions in interpersonal (conditioned by collective ties), intergroup and intragroup communication towards the integrated study of emotions associated with interaction of the individual and society, i.e. social experiences.


2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI

The role of Venus and Mercury transits is crucial to know the past history of the solar diameter. Through the W parameter, the logarithmic derivative of the radius with respect to the luminosity, the past values of the solar luminosity can be recovered. The black drop phenomenon affects the evaluation of the instants of internal and external contacts between the planetary disk and the solar limb. With these observed instants compared with the ephemerides the value of the solar diameter is recovered. The black drop and seeing effects are overcome with two fitting circles, to Venus and to the Sun, drawn in the undistorted part of the image. The corrections of ephemerides due to the atmospheric refraction will also be taken into account. The forthcoming transit of Venus will allow an accuracy on the diameter of the Sun better than 0.01 arcsec, with good images of the ingress and of the egress taken each second. Chinese solar observatories are in the optimal conditions to obtain valuable data for the measurement of the solar diameter with the Venus transit of 5/6 June 2012 with an unprecedented accuracy, and with absolute calibration given by the ephemerides.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Usler ◽  
Anna Bostian ◽  
Ranjini Mohan ◽  
Katelyn Gerwin ◽  
Barbara Brown ◽  
...  

AbstractOver the past 10 years, we (the Purdue Stuttering Project) have implemented longitudinal studies to examine factors related to persistence and recovery in early childhood stuttering. Stuttering develops essentially as an impairment in speech sensorimotor processes that is strongly influenced by dynamic interactions among motor, language, and emotional domains. Our work has assessed physiological, behavioral, and clinical features of stuttering within the motor, linguistic, and emotional domains. We describe the results of studies in which measures collected when the child was 4 to 5 years old are related to eventual stuttering status. We provide supplemental evidence of the role of known predictive factors (e.g., sex and family history of persistent stuttering). In addition, we present new evidence that early delays in basic speech motor processes (especially in boys), poor performance on a nonword repetition test, stuttering severity at the age of 4 to 5 years, and delayed or atypical functioning in central nervous system language processing networks are predictive of persistent stuttering.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Subedi

  Most epidemiological studies focus on the direct causes of diseases while wider, social causal factors are ignored. This paper briefly highlights the history of major epidemics and the role of Anthropocene and Capitalocene for the emergence and reemergence of pandemics like COVID-19. Books, journal articles, and statistics offer information that can explain the phenomena. A historical inquiry can inform us about the fundamental causes of pandemics. Human security and ecology are intertwined, and the global effect of pandemics responded to at the national level is inadequate. The lessons from the past and present help us devise effective ethically and socially appropriate strategies to mitigate the threats. If the present crisis is not taken seriously at the global level, the world has to face more difficult challenges in years to come.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document