scholarly journals Efektivitas Penggunaan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) dalam Strategi Kontra-Terorisme Amerika Serikat di Pakistan (2004-2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Egalita Irfan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an armed unmanned plane, which is also one of the most advanced technologies developed by the United States. UAV is more superior compared with other kinds of weapon. Currently, it is used in many parts of the world as a part of the United States' counter-terrorism measure. However, the use of UAV in Pakistan since 2004 to 2012 does not successfully reduce the number of terrorist attack that happens on that country. This research aims to figure out the reasons behind this failure through the use of congruence in retrospective. The results show that the failure of UAV relies upon 3 factors: (1) US did not really understand the characteristic of targeted terrorist organizations, (2) there is a mistake in the decision making based on the intelligence cycle, and (3) the nonexistent of local society's support.

“Little Plants in the Country”: Henry Ford's Village Industries and the Beginning of Decentralized Technology in Modern America

Prospects ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 181-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard P. Segal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Proximity ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Processors

“Technology Spurs Decentralization Across the Country.” So reads a 1984 New York Times article on real-estate trends in the United States. The contemporary revolution in information processing and transmittal now allows large businesses and other institutions to disperse their offices and other facilities across the country, even across the world, without loss of the policy- and decision-making abilities formerly requiring regular physical proximity. Thanks to computers, word processors, and the like, decentralization has become a fact of life in America and other highly technological societies.

Narrative Misdirection? UK Strategic Communication for Afghanistan and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cawkwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
The Uk

Britain’s war in Afghanistan – specifically its latter stages, where the UK’s role and casualties sustained in the conflict rose dramatically – coincided with the institutional emergence of Ministry of Defence-led ‘Strategic Communication’. This article examines the circumstances through which domestic strategic communication developed within the UK state and the manner in which the ‘narratives’ supporting Britain’s role in Afghanistan were altered, streamlined and ‘securitised’. I argue that securitising the Afghanistan narrative was undertaken with the intention of misdirecting an increasingly sceptical UK public from the failure of certain aspects of UK counter-insurgency strategy – specifically its counter-narcotics and stabilisation efforts – by focusing on counter-terrorism, and of avoiding difficult questions about the UK’s transnational foreign and defence policy outlook vis-à-vis the United States by asserting that Afghanistan was primarily a ‘national security’ issue. I conclude this article by arguing that the UK’s domestic strategic communication approach of emphasising ‘national security interests’ may have created the conditions for institutionalised confusion by reinforcing a narrow, self-interested narrative of Britain’s role in the world that runs counter to its ongoing, ‘transnationalised’ commitments to collective security through the United States and NATO.

scholarly journals Editorial Comments

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Antoinette Gmeiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Full Text ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World

The world is still devastated by the horror terrorist attack on the United States of America and the loss of lives of thousands of people, as well as the loss of the 266 people aboard the four planes that crashed into the World Trade Centre, the Pentagon and near Pittsburgh. OpsommingDie wêreld is nog in skok oor die geweldadige terroriste aanval en die verlies van duisende lewens, insluitend die verlies van die 266 mense aanboord die vier vliegtuie wat in Amerika neergestort het. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

scholarly journals Information Policy and Intellectual Freedom In American Libraries Before and After September 11, 2001: A Global Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Custer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

This paper examines information policy in libraries before and after the tragic destruction of the Twin Towers in New York, New York, on September 11, 2001. It carefully considers libraries’ role in the history of intellectual freedom in the United States and on an international scale. It investigates the rocky road that citizens from almost all countries have traveled in attempting to gain open access to information throughout modern history. It appraises some of the advances certain areas of the world have made in regard to intellectual freedom. The paper also investigates some areas of the world that are still confronting various degrees of censorship today. The paper then discusses the effect September 11, 2001 had on intellectual freedom and libraries. It scrutinizes the USA Patriot Act that was quickly passed in the United States in response to the terrorist attack. In addition, the paper explores other legislation from around the world that was enacted in direct reply to September 11, 2001.

The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Science Discipline ◽  
Science Discipline ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Key Questions

This publication is an authoritative volume on planning, a long-established professional social science discipline in the United States and throughout the world. Edited by professors at two planning institutes in the United States, it collects together over forty-five noted field experts to discuss three key questions: Why plan? How and what do we plan? Who plans for whom? These questions are then applied across three major topics in planning: States, Markets, and the Provision of Social Goods; The Methods and Substance of Planning; and Agency, Implementation, and Decision Making. This text covers the key components of the discipline.

scholarly journals The Devil You Know? Maybe Not: Four Failures to Demonstrate that Scarcity Magnifies Preference for Familiarity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Antonoplis ◽  
Serena CHEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Devil

As economic inequality increases in the United States and around the world, psychologists have begun to study how the psychological experience of scarcity impacts people's decision making. Recent work in psychology suggests that scarcity—the experience of having insufficient resources to accomplish a goal—makes people more strongly prefer what they already like relative to what they already dislike or like less. That is, scarcity may polarize preferences. One common preference is that for familiarity: the systematic like of more often experienced stimuli, compared to less often experience stimuli. Across four studies—three experiments and one cross-sectional survey (all pre-registered; see https://osf.io/7zyfr/)—we investigated whether scarcity polarizes the preference for familiarity. Despite consistently replicating people's preference for the familiar, we consistently failed to show that scarcity increased the degree to which people preferred the familiar to the unfamiliar. We discuss these results in light of recent failures to replicate famous findings in the scarcity literature.

scholarly journals Intersex Management in the United States and Non-Western Cultures

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoshana Tell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Patient ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Ethical Approaches

In Western nations, there is growing agreement about ethical approaches to clinical intersex management. At the same time, as Western-trained physicians increasingly encounter intersex patients in other parts of the world, new ethical tensions arise. Which cultural values are fair parameters for gender-assignment decision-making, particularly in cultural milieus where there is social and economic inequality between the sexes? How can physicians uphold universal bioethical principles while remaining culturally sensitive? Physicians have a primary commit- ment to patient beneficence and universal human rights, requiring physicians to promote concordance between the child’s assigned gender and his or her likely future gender identity. Ultimately, the potential patient distress posed by gender dysphoria fundamentally outweighs the influence of local cultural factors such as economics, gender politics, and homophobia. 

Journalism under attack: The Charlie Hebdo covers and reconsiderations of journalistic norms

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Jenkins ◽  
Edson C Tandoc
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Journalistic Professionalism ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

In January 2015, masked gunmen attacked the satirical French newspaper Charlie Hebdo. The events presented an ethical dilemma for news organizations around the world, which had to determine whether to republish controversial images from Charlie Hebdo’s history. Many US news organizations explained their ethical decision-making in their own publications or provided interviews to other news agencies reporting about the disagreement. This study is based on a qualitative textual analysis of 35 articles from news outlets in the United States published within a month after the attacks. The analysis considers the journalistic norms and boundaries underlying the news organizations’ decisions to republish or withhold the images and how these norms shape assumptions about journalistic professionalism.

Cold-Blooded and Badass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel T Cesar ◽  
Scott H. Decker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Reports

Carjacking is a bold crime characterized by unpredictability and danger. Media reports have identified carjackings throughout the world, and estimates suggest 34,000 occur annually in the United States alone. Research with active offenders has examined carjacking in the context of US street crime, but official reporting inconsistencies and a focus on instrumental motivations hinder a more comprehensive understanding of this crime. The lack of a theoretical framework to analyze the decision-making behaviors of carjackers further complicates the development of effective means to deal with carjacking. With this in mind, this chapter synthesizes the current literature about carjacking and then integrates that synthesis with van Gelder’s “hot/cool” approach to offender decision making. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of this framework for carjacking policy and prevention, and it suggests directions for future research.

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