scholarly journals HERITAGE POLITICS AND MUSEUMS DURING JAPANESE OCCUPATION PERIOD, 1942-1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeng Ayu Arainikasih
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Development ◽  
Heritage Politics ◽  
Archival Study

Before the World War II, approximately 25 museums were already established in colonial Indonesia. At that time, most of the museums were built by the Europeans to serve their interests. However, when the Dutch capitulated to the Japanese military government, what had happened to the existing museums in Indonesia were slightly known. Therefore, this research examines the history of the museum development during the Japanese occupation period in Indonesia in 1942-1945. The data gathered for this archival study are through magazine and newspaper articles published during the Japanese occupation period as well as through the archives of Arsip Nasional Indonesia, Jakarta. This research discovered that, during the Japanese occupation period, museums were used by the Japanese military government as their tool for political propaganda. This research also found out that during the Japanese occupation, politics and museums were closely entangled. Therefore, this preliminary research is important because it illustrates the history of museum development in Indonesia during the unknown period. It was also revealed that existing museums during that time had a significant impact for the museum development after Indonesian independence.

scholarly journals German Studies of Koreans in Manchuria: Gustav Fochler-Hauke and the Influence of Karl Haushofer’s National Socialist Geopolitics

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Adam Cathcart ◽  
Robert Winstanley-Chesters
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Military Government ◽  
German Studies ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Japanese Military

This article analyses scholarship and memoir writing by German geographer Gustav Fochler-Hauke with respect to Korean settlement in Manchuria, and along the Tumen and Yalu/Amnok rivers in the 1930s and early 40s. The research note demonstrates that while Focher-Hauke’s work has its value—not least due to the access he received thanks to the Japanese military government—his concepts of geopolitics and the influence of his mentor and collaborator, Karl Haushofer, renders the work flawed; its value as a historical source for scholars today is therefore limited. The research note begins with Fochler-Hauke’s rising profile within German geopolitical studies and turns toward that field’s documentation of Koreans in Manchuria, the role of borders between Korea and Manchuria, the blind eye turned toward Korean resistance to Japan, and the rehabilitation of some of these scholars and works after World War II.

Abdul Rahman Baswedan and the Emancipation of the Hadramis in Indonesia

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Constant State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies

AbstractThe journalist and politician Abdul Rahman Baswedan has played a prominent role in the emancipation of the Indonesian Hadhramis and in the integration of the Hadhrami minority into the wider Indonesian society. During the early decades of the twentieth century, the comparatively small, and for outsiders relatively closed, community was in a constant state of dissension and confusion. It was divided by tensions that can be reduced to differences between the Hadhrami culture and the Indonesian cultures, and between loyalty to Hadhramaut, the region of their origin, and the country in which they were looking for a livelihood. It was only in the years leading up to World War II that the idea of being an Indonesian gained significance in these circles, not least of all thanks to Baswedan's efforts in this respect. This article examines Baswedan's childhood and school years in an Arab quarter, his journalistic training and political maturation, and his gradual realization that he belonged to a community that had no perception of its future identity. His "coming out" as an Indonesian; and his activities during the nationalist period, the Japanese occupation, and the years after independence in striving to break down the relative isolation of his Hadhrami compatriots will also be analyzed. Baswedan's life and career form a unique entry in the history of the problems that the Hadhrami community has experienced, both in the Dutch East Indies and in Indonesia.

scholarly journals REWRITING THE HISTORY OF ‘COMFORT WOMEN’

Aletheia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Comfort Women ◽  
World War ◽  
New Era ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Grievabilty, as Judith Butler outlines in Precarious Life, is when individuals are valued, loved, and respected. When they are of value, and thus when they pass, they are worthy of being grieved for. Throughout history, including the present day, we are constantly reminded of those who are ungrievable and those who have been derealized, whether that be Indigenous people, those who died in the war, those exploited by corporations, those who endured slavery, the list is endless. One group, in particular, is that of ‘comfort women’ these are women who were captured by the Japanese military during World War II and unwillingly become sex slaves for the entire army, they are among the many who were lost to this war. Therefore, this paper will be examining the history of ‘comfort women’ during World War II through the lens of Judith Butler's Precarious Life. By applying the concept of greivability, and understanding the process of derealization, this paper was able to not only critically recognize that the circumstances of war and the cruel nature of the Japanese military led to the derealization of ‘comfort women’, but that the survivors were also able to use their trauma as strength, empowering them in a new era, with the help of media and women’s rights groups, to undo their derealization and reclaim their power.

The History of Reading in Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Buckridge
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
World War ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
History Of

A history of reading in Australia needs to go beyond the question of what Australians have read in the course of their history (though this question in itself is important) to tackle the more elusive question of how they have read. This question implies a recognition that reading is not a single, uniform activity but a congeries of “literate techniques” that are spread unevenly across the reading population at any given moment, and that are themselves subject to evolution and change as new cultural, political, and educational pressures exert their influence on how people read. The multiplicity and heterogeneity of reading practices are especially evident in the first half of the 20th century, particularly between World War I and World War II when reading itself came to be problematized as never before by the rise of advertising, cinema, popular culture, and political propaganda. It is important too to consider the ways in which reading as an institution in its own right, something above and beyond both the texts being read and the activity of reading them, has developed historically. Here the question is not so much what people have read, or how, but why. What values—positive and negative—have been attributed to reading, by whom, and in association with what social ideals, purposes, and anxieties? Also relevant here is the changing place of reading in Australian society more broadly. In particular, its changing relationship with writing as a valued component of Australian culture is of interest.

scholarly journals Menabur Kebiasaan: Propaganda Gerakan Menabung Jepang (1941-1945)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mufidha Brilian Irianti
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Military Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Japanese Occupation

Japan colonialism during World War II brought signifcant impact for Indonesia. Aside from political and social impacts, it has affected daily life. Japanese occupation was meant to recruit human resources from the region on behalf of the Pacifc War. Japan made efforts to capture the attention and cooperation of locals. Japanese propaganda used a variety of media to send the messages. One such propaganda consisted to persuade people to save in formal institutions. In order to reach people of all backgrounds, military government used a variety of mass media such as newspapers, magazines, movies, and radio as well as a kind of theatrical art and singing. The concern of the paper is to describe the strategies of Japanese savings propaganda. Exploring how government used media to persuade people to make saving accounts in modern fnancial institution.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

Recasting Bourgeois Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Maier ◽  
Charles S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
European History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Economic Stabilization

The author, one of the most prominent contemporary scholars of European history, published this, his first book, in 1975. Based on extensive archival research, the book examines how European societies progressed from a moment of social vulnerability to one of political and economic stabilization. Arguing that a common trajectory calls for a multi country analysis, the book provides a comparative history of three European nations—France, Germany, and Italy—and argues that they did not simply return to a prewar status quo, but achieved a new balance of state authority and interest group representation. While most previous accounts presented the decade as a prelude to the Depression and dictatorships, the author suggests that the stabilization of the 1920s, vulnerable as it was, foreshadowed the more enduring political stability achieved after World War II. The immense and ambitious scope of this book, its ability to follow diverse histories in detail, and its effort to explain stabilization—and not just revolution or breakdown—have made it a classic of European history.

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