Lead Concentration in The Soil Around a Used Battery Recycling Site in Tangerang Regency, Indonesia

Lead exposure can damage cells directly by effecting DNA or indirectly by modifying proteins and enzymes. In Bangladesh, many working children are exposed to a very high level of lead during their early life due to their involvement with lead-oriented professions. This imposes a severe threat to the growth and development of the children. Therefore to study the effect of lead, we enrolled 60 age-matched male children, from an area of old Dhaka city, where battery-recycling shops are located, depending on their blood lead concentration. If the children had a plasma lead concentration above the WHO recommended threshold level of 10 µg/dl, we grouped them as test subjects and others as control subjects to determine the effect of lead on different biochemical parameters of the body. Compared to the controls, acculumlation of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, increased significantly in test subjects ( p < 0.01). Lead exposure also increased the protein carbonyl content ( p < 0.05) and significantly decreased the plasma glutathione levels of test subjects compared to the controls ( p < 0.05). While comparing the lead-exposed group against controls, it was found that the percentage of damaged DNA, as measured using the Comet assay, significantly increased in tail ( p < 0.01) and decreased in head regions. All of these results suggest that high-plasma lead content may induce an oxidative stress to the study population, which may lead to DNA damage.

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Lead concentration and allocation in vegetable crops grown in a soil contaminated by battery residues

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362009000300019 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 362-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco de S Lima ◽

Clístenes WA do Nascimento ◽

Fernando BV da Silva ◽

Vinícius GB de Carvalho ◽

Mateus R Ribeiro Filho

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Household Dust ◽

Battery Recycling ◽

Pb Accumulation ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Set Up ◽

Edible Parts

Lead (Pb) is a very stable metal in soil and is highly toxic to humans and animals. Exposure to Pb occurs via inhalation of particles from industry and soil, as well as household dust, water, and contaminated food. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate Pb contents and allocation in vegetable crops grown in a soil contaminated by battery recycling wastes. Eight plant species were studied: tomato, sweet pepper, beet, carrot, cabbage, green collards, eggplant, and okra. The experiment was set up in blocks at random with four replicates. The results showed that carrot, green collards, beet, and okra were the most Pb tolerant species, while the others were very Pb-sensitive, since they did not complete their cycle. The decreasing order for Pb accumulation in the vegetables crops was: carrot > okra > tomato > eggplant > sweet pepper > green collards > cabbage > beet. Taking into account the Pb allocation in plants, the order was: root > stems > leaves > edible parts. Although carrot translocated the lowest Pb amount into the edible part, such level exceeded the legal limit.

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Child Exposure to Lead in the Vicinities of Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Recycling Operations in Nairobi Slums, Kenya

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-6.12.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 15-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maureene Auma Ondayo ◽

Gelas Muse Simiyu ◽

Phillip Okoth Raburu ◽

Faridah Hussein Were

Keyword(s):

Lead Concentration ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Lead Acid Battery ◽

Child Exposure ◽

Battery Recycling ◽

Preparatory Schools ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Floor Dust

Background. Child exposure to lead from informal used lead-acid battery (ULAB) recycling operations is a serious environmental health problem, particularly in developing countries. Objectives. We investigated child exposure to lead in the vicinities of ULAB recycling operations in the Dandora, Kariobangi and Mukuru slums in Nairobi between January and August 2015. Methods. Top soil (n = 232) and floor dust (n = 322) samples were collected from dwelling units (n = 120) and preparatory schools (n = 44) and analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer at the Mines and Geological Department Laboratory in the Ministry of Mining, Nairobi. From the obtained lead levels in soil and house dust, child blood lead levels were subsequently predicted using the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK), Windows version. Results. Lead loadings in all the floor dust samples from the Dandora, Kariobangi and Mukuru slums exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance value for lead on floors with a range of 65.2 – 58,194 μg/ft2. Control floor dust samples recorded lower lead loadings compared to the Dandora, Kariobangi and Mukuru slums. Lead concentration in 70.7% of the soil samples collected from waste dumps, industrial sites, residential areas, playgrounds and preparatory schools in Dandora, Kariobangi and Mukuru exceeded the respective USEPA guidance values for lead in soils. Lead concentration in 100% of control soil samples were below the respective USEPA limits. The IEUBK model predicted that nearly 99.9% of children ≤ 7 years old living near informal ULAB recycling operations in Dandora, Kariobangi and Mukuru were at risk of being lead poisoned, with predicted blood lead levels (BLL) above the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reference value for blood lead. A total of 99.9% of exposed children living in the Mukuru slums are likely to have BLL above 34 μg/dL. Conclusions. There is a need for coordinated efforts to decrease lead emissions from informal battery recycling in Nairobi slums and to remediate existing soils, particularly around battery workplaces and dumpsites. The BLL of local children should be clinically tested and appropriate intervention measures taken.

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Lead Polluted Hotspot: Environmental Implication of Unplanned Industrial Development

Present Environment and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1515/pesd-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharmin Yousuf Rikta ◽

Md. Shiblur Rahaman ◽

Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽

Shafi Mohammad Tareq

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Environmental Implication ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Vegetative Tissues ◽

Battery Recycling ◽

High Lead

Abstract In Rayer Bazaar, different industries like tannery, plastic, textile, battery recycling industry etc. are increasing rapidly without considering the environmental issues and deterioration. Since chromium (Cr) pollution of this area has been widely investigated due to the presence of tannery industries, this study was focused on examining other environmental factors. Field visits and analytical results of semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis as well as three dimensional excitation emission matrix spectroscopy (3DEEM) of water, soil and vegetative tissues indicated that, the area is highly polluted in term of different environmental parameters and metal content. The extremely high lead (Pb) content of the soil (1171.7 mg/kg in summer, 2157.1 mg/kg in winter) and blackish materials of vegetative tissues (6585.6 mg/kg in summer, 1974.1 mg/kg in winter) indicates excessive lead deposition of this area that makes it a lead polluted hotspot. One of the possible sources of the extremely high lead concentration is adjacent battery recycling industry and/or other industries surrounding this area. So it is urgent to take necessary steps to find out immediate options for possible mitigation.

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