High Level of Colistin Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in a University Hospital in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Marteva-Proevska ◽  
Tsvetan Velinov ◽  
Rumyana Markovska ◽  
Dilana Dobrikova ◽  
Liudmila Boyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals 832. Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Wide-resistance Gram-negative Bacteria Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S457-S457
Author(s):  
Henry Pablo Lopes Campos e Reis ◽  
Ana Beatriz Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Julio César Castro Silva ◽  
Lia Pinheiro de Lima ◽  
Talita Lima Quinaher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multiresistant Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
Bladder Catheter

Abstract Background Enterobacteria and multidrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli present a challenge in the management of invasive infections, leading to mortality rates due to their limited therapeutic arsenal. The objective of this work was to analyze risk factors that may be associated with these infections, for a better situational mapping and assertive decision-making in a university hospital in Brazil. Methods The study was conducted between January and September 2019, with 167 patients in contact isolation at a university hospital in Brazil. Potential outcome-related variables for wide-resistance Gram-negative bacteria (BGN) infections were evaluated. Risk factors were identified from univariate statistical analysis using Fisher’s test. Results 51 (30.5%) out of 167 patients in contact isolation evolved with wide-resistance BGN infection. Risk factors in univariate analysis were age, hospital unit and previous use of invasive devices. Patients aged up to 59 years were more likely to progress to infection than those aged over 60 years (p 0.0274, OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.5). Those admitted to the oncohematology (p < 0.001, OR 32.5, Cl 9.1-116.3) and intensive care unit (p < 0.001, OR 28.0, Cl 3.5-225.9) units were more likely to develop this type of infection. The least likely were those admitted to a kidney transplant unit (p 0.0034, OR 15.33, Cl 1.8-131.0). Prior use of mechanical ventilation (p 0.0058, OR 12.2, Cl 2.0-76.1) and delayed bladder catheter (p 0.0266, OR 5.0, Cl 1.2-20.1) in patients with respiratory and urinary tract infection, respectively, were also reported as risk factors related to these infections. The gender of the patients was not significant for the study. Conclusion This study determined that variables such as age, hospitalization unit, use of mechanical ventilation and delayed bladder catheter could be considered important risk factors in triggering the infectious process by wide-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Thus, the analysis of these factors becomes a great foundation to prevent the development of multiresistant pathogens through prevention strategies, prophylaxis management and more targeted empirical therapies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals CONSUMPTION AND BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO AMINOGLYCOSIDES AT SUDANESE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Einas A Bakheit ◽  
Kamal M Elhag ◽  
Abduelmula R Abduelkarem ◽  
Nada A Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Hospital Wards

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe patterns of antimicrobial resistance to gentamicin (Gen) and amikacin (Ak) among Gram-negative aerobic bacteria during 1-year period and to determine the association between antibiotic resistance and the consumption of Gen.Methods: Aminoglycosides consumption at Soba University Hospital wards was measured and susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria for the same period was evaluated. Consumption data were converted to defined daily doses (DDDs)/100 bed days based on DDD/anatomical therapeutic chemical the WHO system. The association between the frequency of strains resistant to Gen and Ak and their consumption was assessed by linear regression analysis using Spearman’s correlation. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: A total of 973 Gram-negative isolates were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to Gen and Ak. Resistance to Gen alone was found to be 19.42%; n=189, resistance to Ak alone was found to be 3.08%; n=30, and resistance to Gen plus Ak was found to be 5.24%; n=51. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant pathogen to Ak plus Gen (2.26%; n=22). A positive correlation between the increases in the use of Gen and the prevalence of bacterial resistance among hospital wards was found (correlation coefficient r=0.6; p=0.04).Conclusion: Gen and Ak are still highly active antimicrobial agents for the treatment of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria at times of intensified resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Monitoring the use of aminoglycosides is very important too. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of an overnight non-culture test for detection of viable Gram-negative bacteria in endoscope channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. E268-E273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Donald Duerksen ◽  
Gale Schultz ◽  
Carol Reidy ◽  
Pat DeGagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background and study aims Prevention of infection transmission from contaminated endoscopes would benefit from a rapid test that could detect low levels of viable bacteria after high level disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rapid NOW! (RN) test’s ability to detect endoscope contamination. Materials and methods The RN test kit and the accompanying fluorometer were evaluated. The manufacturer states that a fluorometer signal > 300 units is indicative of viable Gram-negative bacteria. Suspension testing of varying concentrations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were used to determine the RN test limit of detection. Simulated-use testing was done using a duodenoscope inoculated with 10 % blood containing approximately 35 CFU E. coli per channel. Samples were extracted from the duodenoscope instrument channel and tested using the manufacturer’s instructions. Results The RN test could consistently detect 10 CFU of E. coli and P. aeruginosa (fluorescent signal of 9,000 to 11,000 units) but not E. faecalis. Sensitivity and specificity for Gram-negative bacteria were 93 % and 90 %, respectively, using all of the suspensions in the study. Extraction of E. coli from an inoculated duodenoscope instrument channel repeatedly provided a positive signal (i. e. > 2,000 units). Conclusions The RN test can reliably detect low levels of Gram-negative bacteria in suspension as well as from samples extracted from endoscope channels. These preliminary findings are encouraging but further assessment of extraction efficacy, impact of organic residuals and clinical workflow are still needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of blaPER-1 and Integrons in Ceftazidime-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria at a University Hospital in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayrı Eraç ◽  
Mine Hoşgör-Limoncu ◽  
Şafak Ermertcan ◽  
Hüseyin Taşlı ◽  
Şöhret Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Comparative study of the beta-lactamase activity found in Achromobacter

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Levesque ◽  
Robert Letarte ◽  
Jean-Claude Pechère
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Chromosomal Origin ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A survey of 21 clinical isolates of Achromobacter species demonstrated a high level of β-lactamase activity in all strains tested. The β-lactamases were characterized by isoelectric focusing, purification by affinity chromatography, determination of molecular weight, immunological identity, and genetic analysis. At least three distinct patterns of β-lactamases were found in 19 strains. The kinetic values Km and Vmax measured by a microacidimetric method showed that all three types of enzymes are cephalosporinases and did not hydrolyse oxacillin, cloxacillin, and methicillin. Two of the three types of cephalosporinases studied, namely MULB 901 (isoelectric point (pI) 7.4) and MULB 905 (pI 9.3) are enzymes mediated by genes of chromosomal origin. The MULB 906 (pI 8.1) enzyme, however, which has been previously shown to be mediated by an 8.2 MDal nonconjugative plasmid, showed hydrolysis of cefoxitime, cefotaxin, and moxalactam by the bioassay. In all cases, β-lactamase synthesis appeared constitutive. This study confirms that β-lactamase activity is commonly found in Achromobacter and that these enzymes are different and of clinical interest when compared with those observed in other Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Alkylaminoquinolines inhibit the bacterial antibiotic efflux pump in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates

2003 ◽  
Vol 376 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique MALLÉA ◽  
Abdallah MAHAMOUD ◽  
Jacqueline CHEVALIER ◽  
Sandrine ALIBERT-FRANCO ◽  
Pierre BROUANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibiotic Efflux

Over the last decade, MDR (multidrug resistance) has increased worldwide in microbial pathogens by efflux mechanisms, leading to treatment failures in human infections. Several Gram-negative bacteria efflux pumps have been described. These proteinaceous channels are capable of expelling structurally different drugs across the envelope and conferring antibiotic resistance in various bacterial pathogens. Combating antibiotic resistance is an urgency and the blocking of efflux pumps is an attractive response to the emergence of MDR phenotypes in infectious bacteria. In the present study, various alkylaminoquinolines were tested as potential inhibitors of drug transporters. We showed that alkylaminoquinolines are capable of restoring susceptibilities to structurally unrelated antibiotics in clinical isolates of MDR Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic efflux studies indicated that 7-nitro-8-methyl-4-[2´-(piperidino)ethyl]aminoquinoline acts as an inhibitor of the AcrAB–TolC efflux pump and restores a high level of intracellular drug concentration. Inhibitory activity of this alkylaminoquinoline is observed on clinical isolates showing different resistance phenotypes.

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