Importance of Wind Waves for Spatial Distribution of Seagrass along the North Coast of Nesebar Bay (the Black Sea )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elitsa Hineva
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North

Variability of mesozooplankton spatial distribution in the North Aegean Sea, as influenced by the Black Sea waters outflow

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Siokou-Frangou ◽  
Soultana Zervoudaki ◽  
Epaminondas D. Christou ◽  
Vassilis Zervakis ◽  
Dimitrios Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
North Aegean Sea

Royal Scythians and the Slave-Trade in Herodotus' Scythia

Antichthon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Braund
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
The North ◽  
Broad Theme ◽  
Large Background

Herodotus has a lot to say about slavery and about particular slaves and groups of slaves. The broad theme was, of course, central to his historical conception and presentation of the Persian Wars and of warfare in general, as well as being key to the contrasting nomoi whose range and significance he is concerned to explore. Against that large background, I wish to examine Herodotus' understanding of slavery and slave-trading on the north coast of the Black Sea, with a view to a fuller appreciation of his Histories and of exchange in the region. Three broad observations will assist.

Olbian–Scythian Trade: Exchange Issues in the Sixth to Fourth Centuries bc

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. LEYPUNSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Market Development ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the trade between the Greek and the Scythian worlds on the north coast of the Black Sea. The majority of previous articles and topics on this subject tended to revolve around the issue of the significance for the Scythian society of exchange with Greek cities, ignoring the significance of such exchange and trade for the Greek cities particularly for Olbia. Furthermore, little work has been devoted to the change of such significance for Olbia over time. Hence, this chapter sheds a new and fresh look at the Olbian-Scythian relationships, their beginnings and their developments. Exchange relationships between Olbia and Scythia began in the early sixth century BC and persisted through the fifth and the fourth centuries BC. These trade exchanges resulted in significant economic development and a great deal of exchanges were made during the fourth century. This slowly waned towards the end of the fourth century. The diminished trade exchanges between Olbia and Scythia were caused by a number of complex factors. Although Olbia's economical and market development depended on trade exchanges, its whole economy was not truly defined by the city's exchange, rather it was based on agriculture.

Contacts between Greeks and Non-Greeks on the Lower Bug in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries bc

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. BUYSKIKH
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Settlement Period ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
Special Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Civilization

The region of the lower Bug is a special place among the areas of Greek settlement on the north coast of the Black Sea. In the seventh century BC, this region expanded and was integrated into the sphere of Greek culture. The lower Bug of Olbia posited a significant mark in the history of the whole Pontic basin. This chapter does not present a review of the extensive literatures on Greek-native contacts on the north coast of the Black Sea, rather it discusses the issue of Greek-native relationships during the settlement period, specifically in the establishment of the Olbian state. It aims to refute Solovyov' observations and interpretations of the ancient Olbia and Greek civilization in this region wherein he contended that the dug-out dwellings and the potteries of the Olbian region were predominantly the result of native ingenuity. In this chapter, the text looks to evidence by focusing on only two kinds of material, namely dwelling-types and potteries. Such studies that were limited to such artefacts lead to a skewed, partial, and unsupported account which caused misleading accounts and depictions of the nature of Greek and Non-Greek relationships on the ancient lower Bug and on the period where contacts between Greek colonists and barbarians were dominant.

scholarly journals Influence of water area depth on wind waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Vitalii V. Yakovlev ◽  
Volodymyr A. Voskoboinick ◽  
Vitalii V. Khomicky ◽  
Viktor O. Tkachenko ◽  
Oleksandr A. Voskoboinyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
North Eastern

A semi-empirical technique for calculating the parameters of wind waves at variable sea depths along the wind acceleration has been developed and presented. This technique allows you to determine the average values of wind wave heights, their length and period depending on the wind velocity, taking into account and without taking into account the heaping of water by wind. Within the framework of the described method, the calculations of wind wave parameters suitable for isobaths d = 20 m were performed for a specific study area of the Bistre (Novostambulske) branch of the Danube estuary, for the north-eastern and eastern wind directions. Numerical simulations were performed for the Black Sea in the location of the protection dam of the Maritime approach channel of the Danube-Black Sea deep-sea navigation. Numerical calculations of wind wave transformation in the water area near the protection dam for the most dangerous wind directions in stormy conditions were performed. For mathematical simulation, the maximum values of wind velocity and wave height were used, which were observed during the whole period of research of the Black Sea water area in the region of the dam. Within the framework of refraction theory, wave transformation calculations have been performed for the most wave-hazardous wind acceleration directions, namely, the north-eastern and eastern wind directions. It is shown that taking into account the heaping of water by wind leads to an increase in the parameters of gravitational waves. The results of numerical simulations have shown that with the increase of wind acceleration exceeding the limit values, the parameters of the waves reach constant values. These values depend on the bathymetry of the seabed, wind velocity and direction. It was found that the increase in the deviation of the free surface of the sea from the undisturbed level significantly depends on the heaping of water by wind. It was found that the relative increase in the wave parameters is observed higher in the east wind direction than in the northeast wind direction in the study area of the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Wind waves on the Black Sea: results of a hindcast study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1193-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Arkhipkin ◽  
F. N. Gippius ◽  
K. P. Koltermann ◽  
G. V. Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
The North ◽  
Wave Parameters

Abstract. In this study we describe the wind waves fields on the Black Sea. The general aims of the work were the estimation of statistical wave parameters and the assessment of interannual and seasonal storm variability. The domain of this study was the entire Black Sea. Wave parameters were calculated by means of the SWAN wave model on a 5 km × 5 km rectangular grid. Initial conditions (wind speed and direction) for the period between 1948 and 2010 were derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. In our calculations the average significant wave height on the Black Sea does not exceed 0.7 m. Areas of most significant storminess are the south-western and the north-eastern corners as expressed in the spatial distribution of wave heights, wave lengths and periods. Besides that, long-term annual variations of storminess were estimated. Thus, linear trends of the annual total duration of storms and of their quantity are nearly stable over the reanalysis period. However, an intensification of storm activity is observed in the 1960s–1970s.

Modeling of ecological conditions in the Euxine Basin in the Sarmatian and Maeotian by methods of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
Eleonora P. Radionova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
North West ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The North

The associations and ecological conditions of the existence of modern diatoms of the North-West (Pridneprovsky), Prikerchensky and Eastern regions of the subtidal zone of the Black Sea are considered. Based on the unity of the composition of the Present and Sarmatian-Meotian diatom flora, an attempt has been made to model some of the ecological c situation of the Late Miocene Euxinian basin.

Influx of streaming methane into anoxic waters of the Black Sea basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-963
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Artemov ◽  
V. N. Egorov ◽  
S. B. Gulin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Anoxic Waters ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Methane Budget

Based on data on the spatial distribution and fluxes of streaming (bubbling) methane within the Black Sea, the rate of dissolved methane inflow to Black Sea deep waters was assessed. Calculations showed that gas bubble streams annually replenish the methane budget in the Black Sea by 1.2 109 m3, or 0.9 Tg, which is considerably less than determined by known biogeochemical estimates of components of methane balance in the Black Sea.

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