Contacts between Greeks and Non-Greeks on the Lower Bug in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries bc

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. BUYSKIKH
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Settlement Period ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
Special Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Civilization

The region of the lower Bug is a special place among the areas of Greek settlement on the north coast of the Black Sea. In the seventh century BC, this region expanded and was integrated into the sphere of Greek culture. The lower Bug of Olbia posited a significant mark in the history of the whole Pontic basin. This chapter does not present a review of the extensive literatures on Greek-native contacts on the north coast of the Black Sea, rather it discusses the issue of Greek-native relationships during the settlement period, specifically in the establishment of the Olbian state. It aims to refute Solovyov' observations and interpretations of the ancient Olbia and Greek civilization in this region wherein he contended that the dug-out dwellings and the potteries of the Olbian region were predominantly the result of native ingenuity. In this chapter, the text looks to evidence by focusing on only two kinds of material, namely dwelling-types and potteries. Such studies that were limited to such artefacts lead to a skewed, partial, and unsupported account which caused misleading accounts and depictions of the nature of Greek and Non-Greek relationships on the ancient lower Bug and on the period where contacts between Greek colonists and barbarians were dominant.

The northern Black Sea and North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valenina Mordvinceva ◽  
Sabine Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Shore ◽  
Greek Colonization

This chapter surveys the Iron Age in the region extending from the western Black Sea to the North Caucasus. As in many parts of Europe, this was the first period in which written sources named peoples, places, and historical events. The Black Sea saw Greek colonization from the seventh century BC and its northern shore later became the homeland of the important Bosporan kingdom. For a long time, researchers sought to identify tribes named by authors such as Herodotus by archaeological means, but this ethno-deterministic perspective has come under critique. Publication of important new data from across the region now permits us to draw a more coherent picture of successive cultures and of interactions between different parts of this vast area, shedding new light both on local histories and on the role ‘The East’ played in the history of Iron Age Europe.

Royal Scythians and the Slave-Trade in Herodotus' Scythia

Antichthon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Braund
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
The North ◽  
Broad Theme ◽  
Large Background

Herodotus has a lot to say about slavery and about particular slaves and groups of slaves. The broad theme was, of course, central to his historical conception and presentation of the Persian Wars and of warfare in general, as well as being key to the contrasting nomoi whose range and significance he is concerned to explore. Against that large background, I wish to examine Herodotus' understanding of slavery and slave-trading on the north coast of the Black Sea, with a view to a fuller appreciation of his Histories and of exchange in the region. Three broad observations will assist.

Olbian–Scythian Trade: Exchange Issues in the Sixth to Fourth Centuries bc

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. LEYPUNSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Market Development ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on the trade between the Greek and the Scythian worlds on the north coast of the Black Sea. The majority of previous articles and topics on this subject tended to revolve around the issue of the significance for the Scythian society of exchange with Greek cities, ignoring the significance of such exchange and trade for the Greek cities particularly for Olbia. Furthermore, little work has been devoted to the change of such significance for Olbia over time. Hence, this chapter sheds a new and fresh look at the Olbian-Scythian relationships, their beginnings and their developments. Exchange relationships between Olbia and Scythia began in the early sixth century BC and persisted through the fifth and the fourth centuries BC. These trade exchanges resulted in significant economic development and a great deal of exchanges were made during the fourth century. This slowly waned towards the end of the fourth century. The diminished trade exchanges between Olbia and Scythia were caused by a number of complex factors. Although Olbia's economical and market development depended on trade exchanges, its whole economy was not truly defined by the city's exchange, rather it was based on agriculture.

Journeys into Slavery along the Black Sea Coast, c. 550-450 BCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-94
Author(s):  
Christopher Stedman Parmenter
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Sea Coast

This article argues that descriptions of the Black Sea found in the Archaic poets, Herodotus, and later geographers were influenced by commercial itineraries circulated amongst Greek slave traders in the north. Drawing on an epigraphic corpus of twenty-three merchant letters from the region dating between c. 550 and 450 BCE, I contrast the travels of enslaved persons recorded in the documents with stylized descriptions found in literary accounts. This article finds that slaves took a variety of routes into—and out of—slavery, and that fear of enslavement was widely felt even among Greeks. Law courts might have been as important as “barbarian” warfare in ensnaring captives for export, and even slave traders themselves risked enslavement alongside their victims. Reconstructing the travels of individual slaves allows us to pursue a study in the spirit of what Joseph C. Miller has called the “biographical turn” in the study of slavery, privileging the experiences of the enslaved over the accounts of their masters. Although the lands around the distant Black Sea were never the leading source of slaves for Aegean cities, the wealth of primary testimony from the region puts it at the forefront in the history of slavery in ancient Greece.

scholarly journals Arkhangelsky Andrei Dmitrievich (to the 140th anniversary of birth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
S.G. POLOVKA ◽  
S.I. MATKOVSKA ◽  
O.A. POLOVKA ◽  
S.M. DOVBISH
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
East European ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

The material in the article contains biographical information from the life and scientific activity of the doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor, academician Academy of Sciences of the USSR A.D. Arkhangelsky. A wide range of the scientist is shown and a description of the main directions of research in the field of regional geology, fauna and stratigraphy of the Paleogene and Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Volga and Central Asia, lithology and paleography, issues of tectonics and the relationship of gravitational and magnetic anomalies with the geological structure of the territory of the USSR is given. The main attention is paid to his work in the study of the geology of oceans and seas. The main contribution of the scientist to the study of Mesozoic bauxites, their structure and mineral composition is described. On this basis, the scientist developed and substantiated a new sedimentary theory of their formation. This theory opened the possibility for geologists to approach the study of bauxite as sedimentary rocks; this played an important role in the search for new deposits of this valuable mineral. The complex of geological and geophysical work carried out by him on expeditions along the East European Plain provided an answer to important questions about the distribution of oil, coal and iron ores on the territory of the Russian Platform. Much attention was paid to the study of the geology of the Black Sea. Processing materials collected by a hydrographic expedition and a comparative study of the columns of the Black Sea silt and oil-bearing sediments of the Crimean-Caucasian region led the scientist to important conclusions about the conditions of accumulation of oil-producing suites. Long-year research A.D. Arkhangelsk sediments of the Black Sea, their lithology, geochemistry, structure, subsequent changes and deformations were summarized in a number of works, among which are “Conditions for the formation of oil in the North Caucasus” (1927), “Geological history of the Black Sea” (1932), “Geological structure and the history of the development of the Black Sea“ (1938), written together with N.M. Strakhov. In 1926—1928 Arkhangelsky lead the field geological survey work on the Kerch Peninsula for the study of oil fields.

scholarly journals Ingvar the Far-Travelled: between the Byzantium and Caucasus. A Maritime Approach to Discussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Marcin Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The Journey to the East of the Viking Ingvar the Far-Traveled is one of the events that fit into the history of medieval relations of the Scandinavians with the world of Byzantium. It was a fateful expedition taking place between 1036 and 1041, and to this day it is a source of many controversies and speculations of researchers. The findings of the present paper suggest that the journey did not necessarily proceed to the lands of the Saracens or Byzantium but may have been part of the game played by Constantinople with its ally Tmutarkan, which opposed Jaroslav the Wise, these events unfolding in the north-eastern waters of the Black Sea.

scholarly journals Formation of new approaches to the research practice and preservation of architectural and archaeological monuments of the North Black sea area (Comparative castellology and digital technologies)

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Светлана Беляева ◽  
Ольга Коцюбанская ◽  
Сергей Куценко
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Positive Results

The article is dedicated to the investigation of the current tasks of the modern study and preservation of the architectural and archaeological heritage of the peoples of Eastern Europe in the North Black Sea area based on comparative castellology and digital technologies. The comparative analysis of two outstanding monuments - the Belgorod fortress in the western part of the region and the Tyagin fortress in the eastern part, which historically go back to the history of the Moldavian and Grand Lithuanian principality of the XIV-XV centuries, is made and general trends and features in the planning structure and the architecture of the monuments are considered. The positive results of the work of scientific teams, representing scientists from different countries of the world united by special projects to study outstanding monuments, the use of modern methods of studying architectural complexes, including modeling individual objects and creating computer models of monuments in general, are presented. Questions were raised about the need for joint efforts for the preservation and tourist use of the cultural heritage, the development of good neighborly relations between the countries of the Black Sea region and Europe as a whole.

The Byzantine Fortifications of Amastris in Paphlagonia

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 251-265
Author(s):  
James Crow ◽  
Stephen Hill
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Adjacent Island

This article is chiefly concerned with the chronology of the Byzantine fortifications of Amastris, which are the subject of current research by the authors, but, in order to set the settlement at Amasra and its fortifications into their context in the Black Sea area, the present study must commence with a brief account of some aspects of the monuments and history of the city in the Hellenistic and Classical periods.The present Turkish town of Amasra on the south coast of the Black Sea (Fig. 1; Pl. XXXVII a) occupies the site of the ancient city of Amastris which has a long history extending as least as far back as the period of Milesian colonisation in the Black Sea zone from the seventh century B.C. Like the more famous city of Sinope to the east, the settlement at Amasra stood on the isthmus of a peninsula projecting into the Black Sea. At Amasra the isthmus leads to the upstanding promontory rock, Zindan Kalesi (Dungeon Castle) on which part of the Byzantine fortification stands, and which protects the east harbour. The whole site is further protected by the closely adjacent island of Boz Tepe which encloses the northern side of the west harbour. The site was doubtless chosen for settlement because of its good natural harbours which, as will be seen, have been of central importance throughout the history of Amasra.

scholarly journals Three Vaulted Basilicas in Cyprus

1946 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Megaw
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Coast ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Village

Sir George Hill, in his History of Cyprus, refers to a group of early churches in the Island in the following passage: ‘It seems improbable that any important buildings can have been put up during the periods of the Arab raids, that is, from the middle of the eighth century to 965. Churches, for instance, like those at Aphendrika, which have been attributed on the one hand to the sixth or seventh century, on the other to the “Romanesque,” would not have been built at a time when the population of places like Ayios Philon and Lambousa was moving inland to escape the raiders. Whether the earlier or the later date is to be preferred must be left to the specialists.' In a footnote, he recorded my own opinion that the vaulted basilicas of the Aphendrika type should be dated after the Byzantine reconquest. The purpose of this article is to present some evidence in support of that opinion. It concerns three ruined churches, all in the village lands of Rizokarpaso: the Panayia and Asomatos churches at Aphendrika, the site, which Hogarth identified as Urania, near the north coast 5 miles north-east of the village, and the Panayia at Sykha, some 6 miles south-west of the village, on the south side of the Karpas peninsula.

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