scholarly journals Anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan N Norwood ◽  
Qingguang Zhang ◽  
David Card ◽  
Amanda Craine ◽  
Timothy M Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Outflow Pathway ◽  
The Brain

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the brain, transporting chemical signals and removing waste. CSF production in the brain is balanced by a constant outflow of CSF, the anatomical basis of which is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the anatomy and physiological function of the CSF outflow pathway along the olfactory sensory nerves through the cribriform plate, and into the nasal epithelia. Chemical ablation of olfactory sensory nerves greatly reduced outflow of CSF through the cribriform plate. The reduction in CSF outflow did not cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), consistent with an alteration in the pattern of CSF drainage or production. Our results suggest that damage to olfactory sensory neurons (such as from air pollution) could contribute to altered CSF turnover and flow, providing a potential mechanism for neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan N. Norwood ◽  
Qingguang Zhang ◽  
David Card ◽  
Amanda Craine ◽  
Timothy M. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Outflow Pathway ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the brain, transporting chemical signals and removing waste. CSF production in the brain is balanced by a constant outflow of CSF, the anatomical basis of which is poorly understood. Here we characterized the anatomy and physiological function of the CSF outflow pathway along the olfactory sensory nerves through the cribriform plate, and into the nasal epithelia. Chemical ablation of olfactory sensory nerves greatly reduced outflow of CSF through the cribriform plate. The reduction in CSF outflow did not cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), consistent with an alteration in the pattern of CSF drainage or production. Our results suggest that damage to olfactory sensory neurons (such as from air pollution) could contribute to altered CSF turnover and flow, providing a potential mechanism for neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Author response: Anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan N Norwood ◽  
Qingguang Zhang ◽  
David Card ◽  
Amanda Craine ◽  
Timothy M Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Anatomical Basis

How Wnt Signaling Builds the Brain: Bridging Development and Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Noelanders ◽  
Kris Vleminckx
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role throughout all stages of brain development and remains important in the adult brain. Accordingly, many neurological disorders have been linked to Wnt signaling. Defects in Wnt signaling during neural development can give rise to birth defects or lead to neurological dysfunction later in life. Developmental signaling events can also be hijacked in the adult and result in disease. Moreover, knowledge about the physiological role of Wnt signaling in the brain might lead to new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases. Especially, the important role for Wnt signaling in neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells has received much attention as this might provide a cure for neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the versatile role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during neural development and discuss some recent studies linking Wnt signaling to neurological disorders.

The Impact of Phytosterols on the Healthy and Diseased Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 6750-6765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess Dierckx ◽  
Jeroen F.J. Bogie ◽  
Jerome J.A. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system (CNS) is the most cholesterol-rich organ in mammals. Cholesterol homeostasis is essential for proper brain functioning and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism can lead to neurological problems. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are examples of neurological diseases that are characterized by a disturbed cholesterol metabolism. Phytosterols (PS) are plant-derived components that structurally and functionally resemble cholesterol. PS are known for their cholesterol-lowering properties. Due to their ability to reach the brain, researchers have started to investigate the physiological role of PS in the CNS. In this review, the metabolism and function of PS in the diseased and healthy CNS are discussed.

Presence of aldosterone-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid in normotensive subjects

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Kageyama ◽  
Hiromichi Suzuki ◽  
Takao Saruta
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Brain

Accumulating evidence, including a wide distribution of specific receptors for aldosterone in the brain, has revealed a potential role of aldosterone in the central nervous system. However, whether or not aldosterone is present in cerebrospinal fluid remains unclear. We attempted to detect aldosterone in cerebrospinal fluid in 14 normotensive subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained by lumbar puncture. Aldosterone-like immunoreactivity was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (163±5 pmol/l, range 139-211 pmol/l) and was found to significantly correlate to both plasma aldosterone (r = 0.70, p<0.01) and plasma renin activity (r=0.68, p<0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between aldosterone-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid and the level of sodium or potassium in cerebrospinal fluid or mean blood pressure. Although we confirmed the presence of aldosterone-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of normotensive subjects, the physiological role of aldosterone in cerebrospinal fluid has yet to be elucidated. Further study will thus be needed to determine the role of cerebrospinal fluid aldosterone.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Lenck ◽  
Ivan Radovanovic ◽  
Patrick Nicholson ◽  
Mojgan Hodaie ◽  
Timo Krings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Outflow Pathway ◽  
The Brain

The recent discoveries of the glymphatic and lymphatic systems of the brain have helped advance our understanding of CSF physiology and may allow new insights in the understanding of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The clinical and radiologic presentations of IIH appear to be related to congestion of the glymphatic system associated with an overflow of the lymphatic CSF outflow pathway. By revisiting the role of “vascular arachnoid granulations” in the brain, we hypothesize that an initial impairment of the transport of interstitial fluid from the glymphatic system to the venous blood of the dural sinuses may trigger the hydrodynamic cascade of IIH. Furthermore, we speculate that, similar to other water-exchange systems in the brain, a specific subtype of aquaporin is involved in this transport. This theory may eventually help to provide an underlying explanation for IIH and its associated conditions, since in most of them, the expression of several aquaporins is altered.

scholarly journals Store-Operated Calcium Channels in Physiological and Pathological States of the Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Store Operated Calcium Entry ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Molecular Components

Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are widely expressed in excitatory and non-excitatory cells where they mediate significant store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), an important pathway for calcium signaling throughout the body. While the activity of SOCs has been well studied in non-excitable cells, attention has turned to their role in neurons and glia in recent years. In particular, the role of SOCs in the nervous system has been extensively investigated, with links to their dysregulation found in a wide variety of neurological diseases from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to pain. In this review, we provide an overview of their molecular components, expression, and physiological role in the nervous system and describe how the dysregulation of those roles could potentially lead to various neurological disorders. Although further studies are still needed to understand how SOCs are activated under physiological conditions and how they are linked to pathological states, growing evidence indicates that SOCs are important players in neurological disorders and could be potential new targets for therapies. While the role of SOCE in the nervous system continues to be multifaceted and controversial, the study of SOCs provides a potentially fruitful avenue into better understanding the nervous system and its pathologies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document