scholarly journals A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in crops with large genomes: Lessons from polyploid wheat

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M Adamski ◽  
Philippa Borrill ◽  
Jemima Brinton ◽  
Sophie A Harrington ◽  
Clémence Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Networks ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Functional Characterisation ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Made In

Understanding the function of genes within staple crops will accelerate crop improvement by allowing targeted breeding approaches. Despite their importance, a lack of genomic information and resources has hindered the functional characterisation of genes in major crops. The recent release of high-quality reference sequences for these crops underpins a suite of genetic and genomic resources that support basic research and breeding. For wheat, these include gene model annotations, expression atlases and gene networks that provide information about putative function. Sequenced mutant populations, improved transformation protocols and structured natural populations provide rapid methods to study gene function directly. We highlight a case study exemplifying how to integrate these resources. This review provides a helpful guide for plant scientists, especially those expanding into crop research, to capitalise on the discoveries made in Arabidopsis and other plants. This will accelerate the improvement of crops of vital importance for food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M Adamski ◽  
Philippa Borrill ◽  
Jemima Brinton ◽  
Sophie Harrington ◽  
Clemence Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Functional Characterisation

To adapt to the challenges of climate change and the growing world population, it is vital to increase global crop production. Understanding the function of genes within staple crops will accelerate crop improvement by allowing targeted breeding approaches. Despite the importance of wheat, which provides 20 % of the calories consumed by humankind, a lack of genomic information and resources has hindered the functional characterisation of genes in this species. The recent release of a high-quality reference sequence for wheat underpins a suite of genetic and genomic resources that support basic research and breeding. These include accurate gene model annotations, gene expression atlases and gene networks that provide background information about putative gene function. In parallel, sequenced mutation populations, improved transformation protocols and structured natural populations provide rapid methods to study gene function directly. We highlight a case study exemplifying how to integrate these resources to study gene function in wheat and thereby accelerate improvement in this important crop. We hope that this review provides a helpful guide for plant scientists, especially those expanding into wheat research for the first time, to capitalise on the discoveries made in Arabidopsis and other plants. This will accelerate the improvement of wheat, a complex polyploid crop, of vital importance for food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M Adamski ◽  
Philippa Borrill ◽  
Jemima Brinton ◽  
Sophie Harrington ◽  
Clemence Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Functional Characterisation

To adapt to the challenges of climate change and the growing world population, it is vital to increase global crop production. Understanding the function of genes within staple crops will accelerate crop improvement by allowing targeted breeding approaches. Despite the importance of wheat, which provides 20 % of the calories consumed by humankind, a lack of genomic information and resources has hindered the functional characterisation of genes in this species. The recent release of a high-quality reference sequence for wheat underpins a suite of genetic and genomic resources that support basic research and breeding. These include accurate gene model annotations, gene expression atlases and gene networks that provide background information about putative gene function. In parallel, sequenced mutation populations, improved transformation protocols and structured natural populations provide rapid methods to study gene function directly. We highlight a case study exemplifying how to integrate these resources to study gene function in wheat and thereby accelerate improvement in this important crop. We hope that this review provides a helpful guide for plant scientists, especially those expanding into wheat research for the first time, to capitalise on the discoveries made in Arabidopsis and other plants. This will accelerate the improvement of wheat, a complex polyploid crop, of vital importance for food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Diversity of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Landraces in Mozambique: New Opportunities for Crop Improvement and Future Breeding Programs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Figueira Gomes ◽  
David Draper ◽  
Nascimento Nhantumbo ◽  
Rafael Massinga ◽  
José C. Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a neglected crop native to Africa, with an outstanding potential to contribute to the major challenges in food and nutrition security, as well as in agricultural sustainability. Two major issues regarding cowpea research have been highlighted in recent years—the establishment of core collections and the characterization of landraces—as crucial to the implementation of environmentally resilient and nutrition-sensitive production systems. In this work, we have collected, mapped, and characterized the morphological attributes of 61 cowpea genotypes, from 10 landraces spanning across six agro-ecological zones and three provinces in Mozambique. Our results reveal that local landraces retain a high level of morphological diversity without a specific geographical pattern, suggesting the existence of gene flow. Nevertheless, accessions from one landrace, i.e., Maringué, seem to be the most promising in terms of yield and nutrition-related parameters, and could therefore be integrated into the ongoing conservation and breeding efforts in the region towards the production of elite varieties of cowpea.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA IKAN ASAP PINEKUHE DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Rofiyanto Bue ◽  
Jardie A. Andaki ◽  
Jeannette F. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Rate Of Profit ◽  
Made In

Abstract Pinekuhe smoked fish business is often faced with the lack of capital and lack of management in an effort to increase production. The lack of efficient production processes in the suspect is a problem that arises due to ignorance of the fishermen in regulating the financial factors of production, that the maximum benefit is not achieved. Based on these things, then the problem can be formulated as follows: What are the factors that affect the business financial analysis of smoked fish Pinekuhe in the rate of business profits smoked fish Pinekuhe in Tahuna Sangihe Islands Regency. As well as how to optimize financial Pinekuhe smoked fish in order to achieve the maximum rate of profit. The purpose of this study, namely 1) make a financial analysis of smoked fish business Pinekuhe Tahuna on Sangihe Islands Regency and 3) to study the rate of profit on Pinekuhe smoked fish business. Basic research will be used is a case study, the research form by studying a particular case in which the object is limited (Widi, 2010). The results showed that the sale of smoked fish "pinekuhe" conducted only in the area of ​​Market Towo'e in Tahuna. Sales made in addition to the market Towo'o Tahuna also based on orders from customers. Based on the criteria of financial analysis efforts smoked fish "pinekuhe" in Tahuna eligible to run. Small-scale enterprises of smoked fish business "pinekuhe" causes the value of a little profit. Keywords: pinekuhe, smoked fish, financial analysis Abstrak Usaha ikan asap Pinekuhe seringkali dihadapkan pada keterbatasan modal dan kurangnya manajemen dalam upaya peningkatan produksi. Ketidak efisiennya proses produksi di duga merupakan suatu masalah yang timbul akibat ketidaktahuan nelayan dalam mengatur finansial pada faktor-faktor produksinya, sehingga keuntungan maksimal tidak tercapai. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut, maka dapat dirumuskan permasalahan sebagai berikut : Faktor apa saja yang berpengaruh pada analisis finansial usaha ikan asap Pinekuhe dalam tingkat keuntungan usaha ikan asap Pinekuhe di Tahuna Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Serta bagaimana cara mengoptimalkan finansial ikan asap Pinekuhe agar tercapai tingkat keuntungan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu 1) membuat analisis finansial usaha ikan asap Pinekuhe Tahuna di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe dan 3) mempelajari tingkat keuntungan pada usaha ikan asap Pinekuhe. Dasar penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah studi kasus, yaitu bentuk penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari suatu kasus tertentu pada obyek yang terbatas (Widi, 2010). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penjualan ikan asap “pinekuhe” dilakukan hanya di wilayah Pasar Towo’e di Tahuna. Penjualan dilakukan selain di Pasar Towo’o Tahuna juga dilakukan berdasarkan pesanan dari konsumen. Berdasarkan kriteria analisis finansial usaha ikan asap “pinekuhe” di Tahuna layak dijalankan. Skala usaha yang kecil dari usaha ikan asap “pinekuhe” menyebabkan nilai keuntungan sedikit. Kata kunci: pinekuhe, ikan asap, analisis financial

Abiotic stresses in rice production: Impacts and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (Special) ◽  
pp. 103-125
Author(s):  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Kutubuddin A Molla ◽  
Koushik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Production Technologies

Rice, a key staple food crop in the world and India, offers food and nutrition security to millions of the global population. Abiotic (water, soil, atmospheric) stresses affect yield and quality of rice. This necessitates stress-resilient rice production technologies sufficiently fortified by novel stress mitigation and adaptation strategies. Recent crop improvement strategy has partially managed to resolve the challenges presented by abiotic stresses such as high temperature, drought, salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging and mineral deficiency. The complication and multiplicity of abiotic stresses necessitate the use of extensive, integrative and multi-disciplinary techniques to achieve resilience. Crop improvement, along with the agronomic interventions, is essential to stabilise the productivity and profitability of rice production. This article gives an overview of the potential impacts of abiotic stress on rice and suggests the adaptation and mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals The impact of climate and societal change on food and nutrition security: A case study of Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hall ◽  
Jennie I. Macdiarmid ◽  
Pete Smith ◽  
Terrence P. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Societal Change ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Achieving food and nutrition security under rapid transformation in China and India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenggen Fan ◽  
Christopher Rue
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
China And India ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Rapid Transformation ◽  
Made In

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to set the stage for the proceeding articles with background of the impressive yet incomplete progress made in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in China and India. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides background of the progress and challenges to achieving food security and nutrition in China and India. It then highlights the lessons learned from this special issue, and concludes with remaining knowledge gaps. Findings – The paper summarizes findings from each article in the special issue. Originality/value – Comparing the experiences of these two countries is essential to share knowledge and accelerate progress in eliminating poverty, hunger, and malnutrition both within these countries and globally.

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