scholarly journals Forestry and reindeer husbandry in northern Sweden – the development of a land use conflict

Rangifer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Widmark
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Land Use Conflict ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Both the forestry sector and reindeer herders in northern Sweden use the forest resources in northern Sweden, albeit for different purposes, and have adverse effects on each other. To reduce conflicts between them negotiations take place in so-called “consultations”, but the institutional arrangement does not seem to be working well; the conflicts have not been resolved, and the reindeer herders are generally more dissatisfied with the outcome than the forest companies. This paper provides an overview of the parallel development of forestry and reindeer herding in the region. In addition several issues that complicate the consultations and need to be resolved in order to secure the continued co-existence of the two activities are identified, based on an analysis of physical, societal and judicial aspects of the relationship between them.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:Skogsbruk och rennäringen i norra Sverige – utveckling av en markanvändningskonflikt Skogsresursen i norra Sverige nyttjas för bland annat timmerproduktion och renbete och skogsbruket respektive rennäring påverkar varandra negativt. För att minska konflikterna har samråd instiftats men processen fungerar inte tillfredsställande eftersom det finns ett missnöje bland renskötarna. Denna studie ger en översikt av den parallella utvecklingen av de två näringarna och deras inbördes relationer och därmed identifieras flera nyckelområden som komplicerar relationen mellan de båda näringarna och därmed även samråden. Genom att analysera de fysiska, sociala och juridiska aspekterna av relationen mellan rennäring och skogsbruk pekar studien på ett antal problem som måste lösas för att kunna säkerställa en fortsatt parallell existens.

Measuring Transaction Costs for Pastoralists in Multiple Land Use Situations: Reindeer Husbandry in Northern Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bostedt ◽  
C. Widmark ◽  
M. Andersson ◽  
C. Sandstrom
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Multiple Land Use

Conflict Resolution by Participatory Management: Remote Sensing and GIS as Tools for Communicating Land-use Needs for Reindeer Herding in Northern Sweden

AMBIO ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Sandström ◽  
Tina Granqvist Pahlén ◽  
Lars Edenius ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Olle Hagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Participatory Management ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Reindeer Herding

scholarly journals 2nd Nordic NJF Seminar on Reindeer Husbandry Research "Reindeer herding and land use management - Nordic perspectives"

Rangifer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Päivi Soppela ◽  
Jouko Kumpula ◽  
Kari Oinonen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Research Section

The 2nd NJF Seminar on Reindeer Husbandry Research was held at the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland from 19 to 21 October 2014. The seminar was organised under the framework of Reindeer Husbandry Research Section of NJF (Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists), established in 2012. Over 100 Nordic and international delegates including researchers, managers, educators, students and reindeer herders participated in the seminar. 

scholarly journals Fencing the forest: early use of barrier fences in Sami reindeer husbandry

Rangifer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Norstedt ◽  
Anna-Maria Rautio ◽  
Lars Östlund
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Whole Tree

Barrier fences are generally not considered to have been used in Sami reindeer husbandry in Sweden before the early 20th century. As a rule, they are thought to have been introduced with the transition from intensive to extensive herding that is assumed to have taken place at this time. However, in this study, we show that barrier fences were widely used in Gällivare, Jokkmokk and Arjeplog Municipalities from the mid-18th century onwards, especially in the forests. Until the early 20th century, these fences were built of local materials, mainly whole trees and boulders, and we therefore call them whole-tree fences. Some of the barrier fences were used during periods of loose supervision by herders who otherwise practised intensive methods, while others were built in a context of extensive herding, large herds and conflicts over land use. Extensive reindeer herding was thus practised in the area much earlier than usually presumed, and it overlapped with intensive herding in both time and space.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate warming on reindeer herding require new land-use strategies

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild C. Rosqvist ◽  
Niila Inga ◽  
Pia Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Societal Adaptation

AbstractClimate in the Arctic has warmed at a more rapid pace than the global average over the past few decades leading to weather, snow, and ice situations previously unencountered. Reindeer herding is one of the primary livelihoods for Indigenous peoples throughout the Arctic. To understand how the new climate state forces societal adaptation, including new management strategies and needs for preserved, interconnected, undisturbed grazing areas, we coupled changes in temperature, precipitation, and snow depth recorded by automatic weather stations to herder observations of reindeer behaviour in grazing areas of the Laevas Sámi reindeer herding community, northern Sweden. Results show that weather and snow conditions strongly determine grazing opportunities and therefore reindeer response. We conclude that together with the cumulative effects of increased pressures from alternative land use activities, the non-predictable environmental conditions that are uniquely part of the warming climate seriously challenge future reindeer herding in northern Sweden.

Participatory GIS to mitigate conflicts between reindeer husbandry and forestry in Vilhelmina Model Forest, Sweden

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (03) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Sandström ◽  
Camilla Sandström ◽  
Johan Svensson ◽  
Leif Jougda ◽  
Karin Baer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Participatory Gis

To improve communication between reindeer-herders and other land users, we developed and implemented a system to produce reindeer husbandry plans together with Sami reindeer-herding communities. A central component of our communications strategy was the introduction and use of a participatory GIS (pGIS). We evaluated the potential and limitations of pGIS as a tool for collaborative learning. We concluded that by merging traditional and scientific knowledge in a pGIS, the process of spatial communication has contributed to a more inclusive planning process, and to improved knowledge-sharing. Furthermore, the process has contributed to a more efficient long-term perspective where land use planning focuses on key areas but with solutions applied to the landscape. The Model Forest offered an appropriate platform to facilitate the process.

scholarly journals Fragmented Landscapes and Planscapes—The Double Pressure of Increasing Natural Resource Exploitation on Indigenous Sámi Lands in Northern Sweden

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Carl Österlin ◽  
Kaisa Raitio
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
Holistic Understanding

Human induced land-use change through natural resource extraction has significant ecological, social and cultural effects for indigenous communities. Indigenous rights, cultural practices and identities are strongly interconnected with traditional lands. In northern Sweden, the cumulative effects from natural resource extraction have become increasingly problematic for Sámi reindeer herding. Land use planning and permit processes are organized based on single projects or policy sectors, instead of the needs and rights involving reindeer herding. Existing research has demonstrated loss of ground and arboreal lichen, fragmentation of pastures and reindeer avoidance of otherwise valuable pastures due to disturbance caused by competing land uses. There is however a lack of synthesis of the amount and scale of encroachments on traditional Sámi territories in Sweden so far. Likewise, while research has looked at weaknesses of the sectoral regulations in terms of cumulative impact assessment and the inadequate recognition of Sámi reindeer herding rights, no studies have analyzed the meta-pressure caused by the fragmented planning regime as a whole, as the amount of regulations regarding different land use sectors and permitting processes increases with each new type of competing activity. Through the concept of double pressure caused by the inter-related processes of fragmented landscapes and fragmented ‘planscapes’, this study seeks to capture the actual pressure the affected communities are currently experiencing. Using multiple quantitative and qualitative data sets consisting of Geographical Information Systems, policy documents, workshops discussions and interviews, we study how natural resource extraction like mining and wind energy has increased on traditional indigenous Sámi lands in northern Sweden. By expanding the analytical focus from today’s landscapes to both planscapes and the pressure from not-yet realized future projects, our results highlight the need for a holistic understanding of the situation reindeer herding is facing, calling for more relevant and legitimate land use permitting and planning mechanisms to reduce the industrial pressure on the landscape, and to address the social injustices caused by today’s planscape.

scholarly journals Can management buffer pasture loss and fragmentation for Sami reindeer herding in Sweden?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Uboni ◽  
Birgitta Åhman ◽  
Jon Moen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Herd Structure ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
Psychosocial Costs

Abstract Today, climate change and competing land use practices are threatening rangelands around the world and the pastoral societies that rely on them. Reindeer husbandry practised by the indigenous Sami people is an example. In Sweden, approximately 70% of the most productive lichen pastures (important in winter) has been lost, either completely or because of a reduction in forage quality, as a result of competing land use (primarily commercial forestry). The remaining pastures are small and fragmented. Yet, the number of reindeer in Sweden shows no general decline. We investigated the strategies that have allowed reindeer herders to sustain their traditional livelihood despite a substantial loss of pastures and thus natural winter forage for their reindeer. Changes in harvest strategy and herd structure may partially explain the observed dynamics, and have increased herd productivity and income, but were not primarily adopted to counteract forage loss. The introduction of supplementary feeding, modern machinery, and equipment has assisted the herders to a certain extent. However, supplementary feeding and technology are expensive. In spite of governmental support and optimized herd productivity and income, increasing costs provide low economic return. We suggest that the increased economical and psychosocial costs caused by forage and pasture losses may have strong effects on the long-term sustainability of reindeer husbandry in Sweden.

‘Nature Has Its Own Soul and Speaks Its Own Language’

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Helena Ruotsala
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
The People ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

Nature and environment are important for the people earning their living from natural sources of livelihood. This article concentrates on the local perspective of the landscape in the Pallastunturi Fells, which are situated in Pallas-Ylläs National Park in Finnish Lapland. The Fells are both important pastures for reindeer and an old tourism area. The Pallastunturi Tourist Hotel is situated inside the national park because the hotel was built before the park was established 1938. Until the 1960s, the relationship between tourism and reindeer herding had been harmonious because the tourism activities did not disturb the reindeer herding, but offered instead ways to earn money by transporting the tourists from the main road to the hotel, which had been previously without any road connections. During recent years, tourism has been developed as the main source of livelihood in Lapland and huge investments have been made in several parts of Lapland. One example of this type of investment is the plan to replace the old Pallas Tourist hotel, which was built in 1948, with a newer and bigger one. It means that the state will allow a private enterprise to build more infrastructures for tourism inside a national park where nature should be protected and this has sparked a heated debate. Those who oppose the project criticise this proposal as the amendment of a law designed to promote the economic interests of one private tourism enterprise. The project's supporters claim that the needs of the tourism industry and nature protection can both be promoted and that it is important to develop a tourist centre which is already situated within the national park. This article is an attempt to try to shed light on why the local people are so loudly resisting the plans by a private tourism enterprise to touch the national park. It is based on my fieldwork among reindeer herding families in the area.

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