scholarly journals Bomb dating, age validation and quality control of age determinations of monodontids and other marine mammals

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E Campana ◽  
Robert EA Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Age Bias ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
Control Protocols ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Age Determinations

Methods for confirming the accuracy of age determination methods are reasonably well established in fishes, but the millions of routine age determinations which take place every year require their own quality control protocols. In contrast, methods for ensuring accuracy in age determination of monodontids and other marine mammals are still being developed. Here we review the basis and application of bomb radiocarbon to marine mammal age validation, highlighting its value for providing unambiguous estimates of age for belugas and other long-lived animals which form growth bands. Bomb radiocarbon is particularly useful for marine mammals, given that the age of an individual animal can be determined to within ±1-3 years, as long as it was alive during the 1960s. However, ongoing age determinations require careful monitoring to ensure that age interpretations remain consistent across ages and through time. Quality control protocols using reference collections of ageing material, in conjunction with age bias plots and measures of precision, are capable of detecting virtually all of the systematic ageing errors that often occur once age determinations of an animal become routine.

scholarly journals Bomb dating and age determination of large pelagic sharks

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E Campana ◽  
Lisa J Natanson ◽  
Sigmund Myklevoll
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Growth Band ◽  
Shortfin Mako ◽  
Growth Bands ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Vertebral Growth

Despite their notoriety and role as apex predators, the longevity of large pelagic sharks such as the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is unknown. Vertebral growth bands provide an accurate indicator of age in young porbeagle, but age validation has never been reported for any large shark species past the age of sexual maturity. Here, we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method for long-lived sharks based on date-specific incorporation of radiocarbon into vertebral growth bands. Our results indicate that porbeagle vertebrae recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s. Through comparison of radiocarbon assays in young, known-age porbeagle collected in the 1960s with the corresponding growth bands in old porbeagle collected later, we confirm the validity of porbeagle vertebral growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 26 years. The radiocarbon signatures of porbeagle vertebral growth bands appear to be temporally and metabolically stable and derived mainly from the radiocarbon content of their prey. Preliminary radiocarbon assays of shortfin mako vertebrae suggest that current methods for determining shortfin mako age are incorrect.

Rubidium and Strontium age determination of some Pre-Cambrian granitic rocks, S.E. Uganda

1971 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Old ◽  
D. C. Rex
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Age Determinations

SummaryWhole rock rubidium-strontium age determinations on granitic bodies in S.E. Uganda give ages of 2930 m.y. for the Masaba Granite and 2430 m.y. for the Buteba Granite and granitic gneisses. The former age is considered to represent the upper age limit of the post-Nyanzian orogeny, and 2430 m.y. the upper age limit of the post-Kavirondian orogeny. A second isochron age of 2100 m.y. for the Masaba Granite may reflect a second intrusion, or remobilization of part of the original granite associated with the Buganda–Toro orogeny. Tentative correlations are suggested between these age groups and others within the Tanzanian Shield and beyond.

scholarly journals Age validation of juvenile cod in the Western Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate McQueen ◽  
Josef Hrabowski ◽  
Uwe Krumme
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Individual Growth Rate ◽  
Peak Summer ◽  
Age Reading ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract The methods routinely used to estimate fish age are often un-validated and susceptible to errors and uncertainties. Despite numerous attempts, age determination of western Baltic cod (WBC, Gadus morhua) using otoliths is still unreliable, predominantly due to inconsistent interpretation of the first translucent zone (TZ). Length-frequencies of undersized (<38 cm) cod collected during 2013–2016 from pound nets near Fehmarn Island were analysed to understand TZ formation patterns. A clear minimum separated two cohorts within the length-frequency samples every year. The length-frequency information was combined with otolith edge analysis to observe the development of TZs in age-0 and age-1 cod otoliths, and to validate the timing of TZ formation, which was consistently completed between September and December. Mean TZ diameters of 4 917 juvenile cod otoliths varied between cohorts (mean diameters of the first TZ: 2.0 ± 0.5 mm; second TZ: 3.9 mm ± 0.5) and TZ diameter variation was found to be related to individual growth rate. The timing of formation of the first TZ was positively related to water temperature, and was confirmed as a “summer ring” rather than a “winter ring”. TZ formation and shallow-water occupancy suggest an influence of peak summer water temperatures on WBC ecology. An age reading guide for juvenile WBC otoliths is provided.

scholarly journals Age determination, validation and growth of Grand Bank yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen S Dwyer ◽  
Stephen J Walsh ◽  
Steven E Campana
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
Marginal Increment ◽  
Length Frequency Analysis

Abstract Yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (Storer, 1839) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland were traditionally aged using surface-read whole otoliths. Age determination of otoliths from recaptures of fish tagged in the early 1990s indicated that the traditional ageing technique was underestimating the ages of yellowtail flounder when compared with the time at liberty. Age comparisons between whole and thin-sectioned otoliths showed agreement in age readings up to 7 years; thereafter whole otoliths tended to give much lower ages than those estimated by thin sections. Length–frequency analysis of pelagic and demersal juveniles, captive rearing of juveniles and marginal increment analysis all corroborated age determination based on thin sections. Tag-recaptures and bomb radiocarbon assays validated age interpretations based on thin sections in young and old yellowtail flounder, respectively. Ages were validated up to 25 years for females and 21 years for males. However, because of increased narrowing of annuli in thin-sectioned otoliths from old fish, even thin sections may underestimate the true age of the fish. von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters (combined sexes) were L∞ = 55.6 cm total length, K=0.16 and t0=−0.003. These results challenge the conventional view that yellowtail flounder on the Grand Banks are a relatively fast growing, short-lived species.

scholarly journals Bomb radiocarbon analyses validate and inform age determination of longnose skate (Raja rhina) and big skate (Beringraja binoculata) in the north Pacific Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. King ◽  
T. Helser ◽  
C. Gburski ◽  
D.A. Ebert ◽  
G. Cailliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
The North ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Raja Rhina

scholarly journals Image-enhanced burnt otoliths, bomb radiocarbon and the growth dynamics of redfish (Sebastes mentella and S. fasciatus) off the eastern coast of Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana ◽  
Alexandra E. Valentin ◽  
Shayne E. MacLellan ◽  
Joanne B. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
North West ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
Sebastes Mentella ◽  
Age Determinations

Many past attempts to age deep-water redfish (Sebastes mentella) and Acadian redfish (S. fasciatus) in the north-west Atlantic have been stymied by inappropriate ageing methods, the absence of age validation and the failure to differentiate among species. Herein we report substantial improvements in methods for ageing Sebastes spp. by linking the established ‘crack and burn’ method to modern sectioning and image-enhancement protocols. Bomb radiocarbon assays of the otolith core and monitoring of year-class progression confirmed the accuracy of the resulting age determinations to an age of 46 years. The use of microsatellite DNA to confirm species identity eliminated past confusion caused by species mixtures. Age determinations of 1252 redfish from the eastern coast of Canada demonstrated the presence of significant differences in growth rate and longevity both between the two redfish species and among populations and stocks, with a maximum observed longevity of 70 years. Even within species and stocks, an individual fish with a fork length of 38cm could be anywhere between 15 and 50 years of age, highlighting a near cessation of somatic growth after sexual maturation. In keeping with other deep-water species, sustainable management will require more attention to the low productivity expected of redfish stocks, rather than the high initial biomass that can support short-term but high catch rates.

scholarly journals Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romney P. McPhie ◽  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Vertebral Centra ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract McPhie, R. P., and Campana, S. E. 2009. Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 546–560. Recent declines in abundance of skates off the eastern coast of Canada have heightened the need for validated age and growth estimates in the region. In all, 502 winter (Leucoraja ocellata), little (Leucoraja erinacea), thorny (Amblyraja radiata), and smooth (Malacoraja senta) skate vertebral centra collected seasonally between 1999 and 2004 were sectioned using a mass processing method, then used to reconstruct growth in each species. Bomb radiocarbon (Δ14C) analysis was used to provide evidence of annual band-pair deposition in thorny skates. Estimates of L∞ from traditional von Bertalanffy growth models (VBGM) ranged from 60.6 cm (little skate) to 89.7 cm (thorny skate), and K estimates from 0.07 (thorny skate) to 0.19 (little skate). A modified two-parameter VBGM (Lmax = 94.1 cm) fitted to winter skate length-at-age data yielded a value of K of 0.15. Maximum observed ages ranged from 12 (little skate) to 19 years in both winter and thorny skates. The year-specific incorporation of Δ14C milled from thorny and winter skate vertebral sections closely resembled shark-derived reference chronology values from the Northwest Atlantic. Pre-bomb Δ14C in a thorny skate collected in 1988 and aged at 23 years appeared to validate age interpretations and suggested that thorny skate reach an absolute age of at least 28 years, the oldest validated age reported for any species of batoid.

Analysis of Fibronectin and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Novita ◽  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo ◽  
Abdul H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Wound Age ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tgf Β1

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. The scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression in both antemortem and postmortem wounds. This study was an experimental with completely randomized design.  The skin wounds (vital and postmortem) were taken from fourty Wistar rats and divided into 10 groups of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds. The result showed that in 30 minutes after antemortem wound infliction, all of samples showed weak reactivity for fibronectin and TGF-β1 (100%).  In first hour after wound infliction, 3 samples (75%) showed weakly positive and 1 sample (25%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 2 hour after wound infliction, 1 sample (25%) showed weakly positive and 3 sample (75%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 3 and 4 hour after wound infliction, all of samples strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In postmortem wound, all of samples showed negativity for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, fibronectin and TGF-β1 may be useful in the determination of wound vitality. Keywords: wound, fibronectin, TGF-β1, vitality

UV spectroscopic method for determination of phenytoin in bulk and injection forms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Routine Quality Control

Recent study was conducted to develop a simple UV spectrophotometric method to determine Phenytoin in bulk and injection form according to official requirement and validate as per ICH guidelines. λmax of Phenytoin was found 202 nm. Linearity existed perceived in the concentration assortment 2-8 μg/ml (r2 = 0.999) for the method. The method was validated pertaining to linearity, precision and accuracy studies, LOD and LOQ consistent with ICH guidelines. The existent method was establish to be simple, linear, precise, accurate as well as sensitive and can be applied for routine quality control enquiry for the analysis of Phenytoin in bulk and injection form.

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