scholarly journals The rise of new university presses and academic-led presses in the UK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Stone
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
University Presses ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
The Uk

Watch the VIDEO here.The recent report, Changing publishing ecologies: A landscape study of new university presses and academic-led publishing, shows a discernible increase in new UK publishing initiatives entering the sector over the last few years. The new university press strand of the research consisted of a survey, which collected 43 responses, the academic-led press strand was informed by interviews with 14 scholar-led presses. Taking different approaches for these two types of press, the report captures the take-up, reasoning and characteristics of these initiatives, as well as their future plans. It complements previous research, such as OAPEN-UK, the UK National Monographs strategy, the Jisc/OAPEN Investigating OA monograph services project and the new Knowledge Exchange Landscape Study on Open Access Monographs which will be published in September 2017. These new publishing initiatives have a potentially disruptive effect on the scholarly communication environment, providing new avenues for the dissemination of research outputs and acting as pathfinders for the evolution of academic publishing and the scholarly record. The findings of the research carried out as part of this report provide an evidence base for future support for both new university presses and academic-led publishing initiatives to help create and maintain a diverse publishing ecology. The report concludes with a series of recommendations to help support and foster new developments in this space, share best practice, collaboration and the tools and services to facilitate further innovation. For example, the report recommends to support community building for both NUPs and ALPs, the establishment of guidelines for setting up a press, the provision of legal advice and guidelines for preservation and dissemination, and the development of future projects to support these new initiatives. In particular, the community professed a need for the development of a toolkit that would aid both existing NUPs and academic-led presses, as well as those universities and academics that are thinking about setting up their own publishing initiatives. This paper will precis the report, before exploring the progress made in establishing an infrastructure for UK university and academic-led presses. Finally, the author would like to encourage other European countries to build upon this research by adapting the questions asked in the research. This would allow for a more complete view of European NUPs and ALPs and the demand for shared approach, such as a wider set of best practice guidelines, workshops and a European Library Publishing Coalition for library presses.

scholarly journals Community services and transforming care: reflections and considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Barnoux
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Community Learning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the existing evidence base regarding community services for people with learning disabilities in the context of transforming care (TC). Design/methodology/approach Reflections and commentary on the provision of community services for people with learning disabilities following Washington et al.’s article on admissions and discharges from assessment and treatment units in England. Findings The existing evidence base pertaining to community learning disability teams in the UK is dated, sparse and methodologically weak. A greater focus on researching community services for people with learning disabilities is needed in order to inform best practice guidelines. Originality/value The success of the TC agenda is contingent on the provision of high quality community services. However, the focus has been on discharging individuals from hospital, rather than the support available to them once they leave.

Opioid crisis in primary care? An audit of high-dose opioid prescribing at Bangholm GP Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711581
Author(s):  
Charlotte Greene ◽  
Alice Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines

BackgroundOpioids are effective analgesics for acute and palliative pain, but there is no evidence base for long-term pain relief. They also carry considerable risks such as overdose and dependence. Despite this, they are increasingly prescribed for chronic pain. In the UK, opioid prescribing more than doubled between 1998 and 2018.AimAn audit at Bangholm GP Practice to understand the scale of high-strength opioid prescribing. The aim of the audit was to find out if indications, length of prescription, discussion, and documentation at initial consultation and review process were consistent with best-practice guidelines.MethodA search on Scottish Therapeutics Utility for patients prescribed an average daily dose of opioid equivalent ≥50 mg morphine between 1 July 2019 and 1 October 2019, excluding methadone, cancer pain, or palliative prescriptions. The Faculty of Pain Medicine’s best-practice guidelines were used.ResultsDemographics: 60 patients (37 females), average age 62, 28% registered with repeat opioid prescription, 38% comorbid depression. Length of prescription: average 6 years, 57% >5 years, 22% >10 years. Opioid: 52% tramadol, 23% on two opioids. Indications: back pain (42%), osteoarthritis (12%), fibromyalgia (10%). Initial consultation: 7% agreed outcomes, 35% follow-up documented. Review: 56% 4-week, 70% past year.ConclusionOpioid prescribing guidelines are not followed. The significant issues are: long-term prescriptions for chronic pain, especially back pain; new patients registering with repeat prescriptions; and no outcomes of treatment agreed, a crucial message is the goal is pain management rather than relief. Changes have been introduced at the practice: a patient information sheet, compulsory 1-month review for new patients on opioids, and in-surgery pain referrals.

Best practice for chronic oedema in community settings: what can we learn?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 610-614
Author(s):  
Garry Cooper-Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Tissue Viability ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Specialist Nurses ◽  
The Uk

There are various opportunities and challenges in the delivery of care to those diagnosed with chronic oedema/lymphoedema. Service provision is not consistent within the UK, and non-specialist nurses and other health professionals may be called on to fill the gaps in this area. The latest best practice guidance on chronic oedema is directed at community services that care for people within their own homes in primary care. This guide was developed in order to increase awareness, knowledge and access to an evidence base. Those involved in its creation cross specialist fields (lymphoedema and tissue viability), resulting in the document covering a number of areas, including an explanation of chronic oedema, its assessment and management and the association between chronic oedema and wet legs. The document complements existing frameworks on the condition and its management and also increases the available tools within chronic oedema management in the community. The present article provides an overview of the guidance document and discusses its salient features.

scholarly journals Implications of changing from grazed or semi-natural vegetation to forestry for carbon stores and fluxes in upland organo-mineral soils in the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Carbon Reservoir ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. In the UK, as organo-mineral soils are a significant store of soil organic carbon (SOC), they may become increasingly favoured for the expansion of upland forestry. It is important, therefore, to assess the likely impacts on SOC of this potentially major land use change. Currently, these assessments rely on modelling approaches which assume that afforestation of organo-mineral soils is "carbon neutral". This review evaluates this assumption in two ways. Firstly, UK information from the direct measurement of SOC change following afforestation is examined in the context of international studies. Secondly, UK data on the magnitude and direction of the major fluxes in the carbon cycle of semi-natural upland ecosystems are assessed to identify the likely responses of the fluxes to afforestation of organo-mineral soils. There are few directly relevant measurements of SOC change following afforestation of organo-mineral soils in the UK uplands but there are related studies on peat lands and agricultural soils. Overall, information on the magnitude and direction of change in SOC with afforestation is inconclusive. Data on the accumulation of litter beneath conifer stands have been identified but the extent to which the carbon held in this pool is incorporated into the stable soil carbon reservoir is uncertain. The effect of afforestation on most carbon fluxes is small because the fluxes are either relatively minor or of the same magnitude and direction irrespective of land use. Compared with undisturbed moorland, particulate organic carbon losses increase throughout the forest cycle but the data are exclusively from plantation conifer forests and in many cases pre-date current industry best practice guidelines which aim to reduce such losses. The biggest uncertainty in flux estimates is the relative magnitude of the sink for atmospheric carbon as trees grow and mature compared with that lost during site preparation and harvesting. Given the size of this flux relative to many of the others, this should be a focus for future carbon research on these systems.

scholarly journals ASPiH standards for simulation-based education: process of consultation, design and implementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makani Purva ◽  
Jane Nicklin
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
The Uk

There is widespread enthusiasm and emerging evidence of the efficacy of simulation-based education (SBE) but the full potential of SBE has not been explored. The Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPiH) is a not-for-profit membership association with members from healthcare, education and patient safety background. ASPiH’s National Simulation Development Project in 2012 identified the lack of standardisation in the approach to SBE with failure to adopt best practice in design and delivery of SBE programmes. ASPiH created a standards project team in 2015 to address this need. The article describes the iterative process modelled on implementation science framework, spread over six stages and 2 years that resulted in the creation of the standards. The consultation process supported by Health Education England resulted in a unique document that was driven by front line providers while also having strong foundations in evidence base. The final ASPiH document consisting of 21 standards for SBE has been extensively mapped to regulatory and professional bodies in the UK and abroad ensuring that the document is relevant to a wide healthcare audience. Underpinning the standards is a detailed guidance document that summarises the key literature evidence to support the standard statements. It is envisaged the standards will be widely used by the simulation community for quality assurance and improving the standard of SBE delivered.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review to Determine Best Practice Reporting Guidelines for AFO Interventions in Studies Involving Children with Cerebral Palsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ridgewell ◽  
Fiona Dobson ◽  
Timothy Bach ◽  
Richard Baker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Studies which have examined the effects of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) on children with cerebral palsy (CP) often report insufficient detail about the participants, devices and testing protocols. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the level and quality of detail reported about these factors in order to generate best practice guidelines for reporting of future studies. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify studies which examined any outcome measure relating to AFO use in children with CP. A customized checklist was developed for data extraction and quality assessment. There was substantial variability in the level and quality of detail reported across the 41-paper yield. Many papers reported insufficient detail to allow synthesis of outcomes across studies. The findings of this review have been used to generate guidelines for best practice of reporting for AFO intervention studies. It is important to ensure homogeneity of gait pattern in a subject sample or to subdivide a sample to investigate the possibility that heterogeneity affected results. It is also important to describe the orthosis in sufficient detail that the device can be accurately replicated because differences in designs have been shown to affect outcomes. These guidelines will help researchers provide more systematic and detailed reports and thereby permit future reviewers to more accurately assess both the reporting and quality of orthotic interventions, and will facilitate synthesis of literature to enhance the evidence base.

scholarly journals Developing best practice guidelines for designing living environments for people with dementia and sight loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISON BOWES ◽  
ALISON DAWSON ◽  
CORINNE GREASLEY-ADAMS ◽  
LOUISE MCCABE
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Research Findings

ABSTRACTThe paper considers a process of developing evidence-based design guidelines to be used in environments where people with dementia and sight loss are living. The research involved a systematically conducted literature review and a series of consultations with people affected by dementia and/or sight loss who lived or worked in care homes or in domestic settings. Findings from the literature and the consultations were used in an iterative process to develop the guidelines. The process is outlined, providing examples from the guidelines about lighting and colour and contrast. In discussing the research findings and the development process, the authors consider implications of the work including the weakness of the evidence base, the challenges of improving this and the need for innovative approaches to understanding the complexities of design for people with dementia and sight loss. They highlight the emphasis in the literature on independence for people with sight loss and the focus on control of people with dementia, arguing that this falls short of a genuinely person-centred approach, which recognises the active participation of people with dementia and sight loss.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study Examining the Management of Bowen’s Disease in the United Kingdom and Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Morley ◽  
J. H. Matthews ◽  
I. Verpetinske ◽  
G. A. Thom
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Bowen’S Disease ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Bowen's Disease ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Surgery Department

Background and Aim. The optimum management of Bowen’s Disease (BD) is undefined. A review of current practice is required to allow the development of best practice guidelines.Methods. All BD cases, diagnosed in one UK centre and one Australian centre over a year (1 July 2012–30 June 2013), were analysed retrospectively. Patients with BD were identified from histopathology reports and their medical records were analysed to collect demographic data, site of lesion, and treatment used.Results. The treatment of 155 lesions from the UK centre and 151 lesions from the Australian centre was analysed. At both centres BD was most frequently observed on the face: UK had 70 (45%) lesions and Australia had 83 (55%) lesions (P=0.08). The greatest number of lesions was managed by the plastic surgery department in the UK centre, 72 (46%), and the dermatology department in the Australian centre, 121 (80%). The most common therapy was surgical excision at both centres.Conclusions. In both UK and Australia, BD arises on sun-exposed sites and was most commonly treated with surgical excision despite a lack of robust evidence-based guidelines.

scholarly journals Assessment and Management of Dysphagia in Acute Stroke: An Initial Service Review of International Practice

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Carol A. Fairfield ◽  
David G. Smithard
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Effortful Swallow ◽  
The Us ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia ◽  
The Impact

The international approach to the assessment and management of dysphagia in the acute phase post stroke is little studied. A questionnaire was sent to clinicians in stroke services that explored the current practice in dysphagia screening, assessment, and management within the acute phase post stroke. The findings from four (the UK, the US, Canada, and Australia) of the 22 countries returning data are analysed. Consistent approaches to dysphagia screening and the modification of food and liquid were identified across all four countries. The timing of videofluoroscopy (VFS) assessment was significantly different, with the US utilising this assessment earlier post stroke. Compensatory and Postural techniques were employed significantly more by Canada and the US than the UK and Australia. Only food and fluid modification, tongue exercises, effortful swallow and chin down/tuck were employed by more than fifty percent of all respondents. The techniques used for assessment and management tended to be similar within, but not between, countries. Relationships were found between the use of instrumental assessment and the compensatory management techniques that were employed. The variation in practice that was found, may reflect the lack of an available robust evidence base to develop care pathways and identify the best practice. Further investigation and identification of the impact on dysphagia outcome is needed.

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