scholarly journals Exploring Marxist Perspective Amidst Exploitation and False Consciousness in Hosain’s The Old Man

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamzah Masood ◽  
Shahzeb Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Descriptive Method

History has witnessed the exploitation of working class at the hands of ruling class since the very beginning of mankind. This exploitation has always led the poor to the state of false consciousness. Karl Marx has pointed out this social injustice in his theory. This research is an attempt to find Marxist elements of exploitation and false consciousness in the short story The Old Man by Attia Hosain, which is written in the context of subcontinent. Current study has incorporated the textual method of analysis through the lens of the proposition of Karl Marx about the behaviour of the bourgeoisie towards the proletariat. The study is qualitative in nature where descriptive method of textual analysis is utilized to look for and examine the instances of exploitation and false consciousness. The major finding of research depicts that the upper class has always exploited the poor and the poor who have false consciousness bear all inhumane behaviour without any resistance. Thus, it is the view that exploitation and false consciousness pose difficulties and hardships for the poor class.

scholarly journals Marxism in Zakia Mashhadi's Death of an Insect

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (III) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatima ◽  
Aadil Ahmed ◽  
Shahzeb Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Rich

Poverty is the root cause of exploitation of the poor at the hands of the rich in the root structure of the society that leads the poor towards the state of self-pity. This study is an interlink between the domains of World Englishes, Freudo-Marxist Literature, Trauma Literature and Postcolonial Literature. The postcolonial context of the subcontinent amidst language appropriation is the major theme that witnesses the phenomenon of exploitation and poverty through the canvas of Freudo-Marxist Literature. The current study attempts to find Marxist themes, predominantly exploitation and poverty, from a short story Death of an Insect by Zakia Mashhadi. The textual qualitative method of analysis proceeds under the operational theoretical lens of Edgar W. Schneider and Karl Marx. The former deals with textual analysis through language appropriation, while the latter deals with thematic analysis through the behaviour of the bourgeoisie towards the proletariat, respectively. The study has found that the upper class, for their vested interests, even for the satisfaction of their ego, brutally exploit the poor working class, who have to suffer and bear all inhuman behaviour without any resistance. Thus, this continuous Vicious Circle of exploitation and poverty cause difficulties and hardships for the poor class.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONFLIK SOSIAL DALAM CERPEN “KETIKA CINTA TAK DIRESTUI” KARYA TARJOYO (TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yuti Mahrita
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak: Konflik merupakan pertentangan atau perbedaan antara dua orang atau kelompok.  Konflik politik terbentuk karena adanya penguasa politik.  Kekuasaan politik mempunyai cirri-ciri masyarakat secara keseluruhan sebagai objeknya. Konflik merupakan bagian kehidupan sosial, konflik sosial di latarbelakangi  oleh perbedaan ciri-ciri yang  dibawa individu dalam suatu interaksi. Konflik sosial yang terkandung dalam cerpen “Ketika Cinta Tak Direstui” karya Tarjoyo mengacu pada konflik eksternal khususnya pada konflik sosial.  Mulanya konflik ini terjadi karena adanya pertentangan antara keluarga Risky yang kaya raya dan keluarga Nana yang miskin.  Karena adanya perebedaan status sosial yang menghalangi cinta Nana dan risky yang membuat orang tua Risky tidak merestui Nana untuk mendampingi Risky.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif  kualitatif.  Data yang dihasilkan berupa kata-kata dalam bentuk kutipan-kutipan.Kata kunci: Konflik, konflik sosial, sastra, masyarakat,kekuasaan. Abstract: Conflict is dispute or contradiction between two or more people. Political conflict happened because there was political power. The character of political power is society as the object. Conflict is a part of social life which is happened because the difference of characters brought by individual when he/she has interaction. Social conflict in this short story “Ketika Cinta Tak Direstui” by Tarjoyo refers to external conflict especially social conflict. At first this conflict happens because there is contradiction of social status and social class between Rizky, the rich and Nana, the poor. Because of this status there is barrier between their love, Rizky and Nana, it makes Rizky’s parent doesn’t bless Nana to live with Rizky.This study uses qualitative descriptive method. The data are in the form of words and quotes.Key words: Conflict, political and sosial conflict, literature, society, power.

‘It is astonishing how little literature has to show of the life of the poor’: Ford Madox Ford’s The English Review and D. H. Lawrence’s Early Short Fiction

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Annalise Grice
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Henry James ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Early Publication ◽  
The Poor ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Insight Into

Ford Madox Ford’s founding (but short lived) editorship of The English Review from 1908-1910 inspired and provided an early publication venue for the young D. H. Lawrence, who wrote several of his early stories and sketches to please his new literary mentor as he began to move in metropolitan literary circles. This chapter identifies a consistent focus on working-class themes across contributions to The English Review and outlines Ford’s interest in the conte, or what he termed ‘the real short story’, which was in Ford’s eyes best modelled by Henry James and the nineteenth-century European tradition of Maupassant and Balzac. These were writers Lawrence also admired and Ford deemed Lawrence’s earliest regional stories to be apposite for his cultural journal which called for more working class voices, an insight into the life of the poor and greater experimentation in the short form by English writers. The chapter also considers that Lawrence’s production of several (little-known) short sketches on his experiences as a schoolteacher in Croydon were intended for Ford’s journal.

scholarly journals Class Distinction in Zakia Mashhadi's The Cover Faces

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (IV) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Fatima Yousuf ◽  
Naveed Ahmad Taseer ◽  
Rukhshanda Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Class Distinction ◽  
Over Time

Society is a combination of the upper and the lower class:The upper class or Bourgeoisie is busy in their world endeavors and their quest for 'more and more; whereas, in contrast, the lower class or proletariat strives for a proper one-time meal. Over time, this disparity between the classes gets horrible. The drastic consequences of this disparity become observable in society in hatred and injustice. Different authors of colonial India have jotted down social imbalances of the subcontinent, including Zakia Mashhadi. Her short story, ‘The Cover Faces’,extracted from an English translated collection ‘In Search of Butterflies’ by Saeed Naqvi (2017), was taken for qualitative textual analysis under Lois Tyson’s (2006) ‘Theory of Class Distinction’. Zakia Mashhadi showed the two parallel classes in society, where Bourgeoisie have almost everything;however, in the same society, Bourgeoisie even deprived the proletariat of the fundamental rights and necessities of life

Classless and Clueless in NWSA: A History of the Poor and Working Class Caucus

NWSA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Lois Rita Helmbold
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of

Abdullah Quilliam

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Siddique Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Political Influences ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Class Struggles ◽  
Legal Advisor ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter explores the religious and political influences that shaped Abdullah Quilliam’s Muslim missionary activities, philanthropic work and scholarly writings in an attempt to shed light on his particular political convictions as manifest through his unique religiopolitical endeavors. It focuses especially on Quilliam’s Methodist upbringing in Liverpool and his support of the working classes. It argues that Quilliam’s religious and political activism, although primarily inspired by his conversion to Islam, was also shaped and influenced by the then newly emerging proletariat, revolutionary socialism. Quilliam’s continued commitment to the burgeoning working-class trades union movement, both as a leading member representative and legal advisor, coupled with his reputation as the "poor man’s lawyer" because of his frequent fee-free representations for the impoverished, demonstrates his empathetic proximity to working-class struggles.

Mary Barton

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Elizabeth Gaskell ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Deep Sympathy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Class Community

‘It's the masters as has wrought this woe; it's the masters as should pay for it.’ Set in Manchester in the 1840s - a period of industrial unrest and extreme deprivation - Mary Barton depicts the effects of economic and physical hardship upon the city's working-class community. Paralleling the novel's treatment of the relationship between masters and men, the suffering of the poor, and the workmen's angry response, is the story of Mary herself: a factory-worker's daughter who attracts the attentions of the mill-owner's son, she becomes caught up in the violence of class conflict when a brutal murder forces her to confront her true feelings and allegiances. Mary Barton was praised by contemporary critics for its vivid realism, its convincing characters and its deep sympathy with the poor, and it still has the power to engage and move readers today. This edition reproduces the last edition of the novel supervised by Elizabeth Gaskell and includes her husband's two lectures on the Lancashire dialect.

Transforming Labour: From the Workers’ State to the Post-Socialist Re-Organization of Industry and Workplace Communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-438
Author(s):  
Eszter Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Social ◽  
East German

Abstract The article seeks to place the workers’ road from socialism to capitalism in East Germany and Hungary in a historical context. It offers an overview of the most important elements of the party’s policy towards labour in the two countries under the Honecker and the Kádár regime respectively. It examines the highly paternalistic role of the factory as a life-long employer and provider of workers’ needs for the large industrial working class which the regime considered to be its main social basis. Given that the thesis of the working class as the ruling class was central to the legitimating ideology of the state socialist regimes, dissident intellectuals challenging this thesis were effectively marginalized or forced into exile. After the change of regimes, the “working class” again became an ideological term associated with the discredited and fallen regime. The article analyses the changes within the life-world of East German and Hungarian workers in the light of life-history interviews. It argues that in Hungary, the social and material decline of the workers – alongside the loss of the symbolic capital of the working class – reinforced ethno-centric, nationalistic narratives, which juxtaposed “globalization” and “national capitalism”, the latter supposedly protecting citizens from the exploitation by global capital. In the light of the sad reports of falling standards of living and impoverishment, the Kádár regime received an ambiguous, often nostalgic evaluation. While the East Germans were also critical of the new, capitalist society (unemployment, intensified competition for jobs, the disintegration of the old, work-based communities), they gave more credit to the post-socialist democratic institutions. They were more willing to reconcile the old socialist values which they had appreciated in the GDR with a modern left-wing critique than their Hungarian counterparts, for whom nationalism seemed to offer the only means to express social criticism.

Communism: The Philosophical Foundations

Philosophy ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (257) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Flew
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Ludwig Feuerbach ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
Predicate Expression

‘Karl Marx was a German philosopher.’ It is with this seminal sentence that Leszek Kolakowski begins his great work on The Main Currents of Marxism: its Rise, Growth and Dissolution (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978). Both the two terms in the predicate expression are crucial. It is most illuminating to think of Marx as originally a philosopher, even though nothing in his vastly voluminous works makes any significant contribution to philosophy in any academic understanding of that term. It is also essential to recognize that for both Marx and Engels philosophy was always primarily, indeed almost exclusively, what they and their successors called classical German philosophy. This was a tradition seen as achieving its climactic fulfilment in the work of Hegel, and one which they themselves identified as a main stimulus to their own thinking. Thus Engels, in Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, claimed that ‘The German working-class movement is the inheritor of German classical philosophy’.

"Us" vs. "Them". Communist Dialectical Images from Interwar Europe and Soviet Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adri Kácsor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Interwar Europe

Brawny male workers vs. bulging bourgeois men. Working-class mothers burdened by the hardship of poverty and childcare vs. elegant upper-class women enjoying a lifestyle of privilege. Such juxtaposed images of workers and the rich were prevalent in the visual culture of communism throughout the twentieth century, appearing on posters, illustrations, and other genres of political propaganda across countries and continents. Although these didactic propaganda images have rarely been considered in histories of modernism and the avant-garde, this article argues that they were among the key visual inventions of twentieth-century communist visual culture given their highly innovative aesthetics and juxtaposed structure that provided them a potential to become dialectical. Drawing on examples from interwar Europe and Soviet Russia, this article examines how didactic juxtapositions could become dialectical images, triggering political transformations while also making revolutionary class consciousness visible for the viewer.

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