scholarly journals Professionalisation in Early Childhood Education in Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Yurchenko ◽  
Valery Mansurov
Keyword(s):  
Early Education ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Preschool Educators

The dialogue around preschool educators has increased as concerns about the quality of early education have been raised across the world. This paper contributes to a novel historical and contemporary understanding of the professionalisation of Russian preschool educators. This history bears similarities and differences to those of other nations, making this project of interest to cross-cultural comparisons. A particular emphasis is laid on the challenges of, and opportunities for, professionalisation by discussing the issue of professional knowledge and expertise, autonomy, and authority. Data for the study comes from two sources: (1) the historical analysis of preschool educators in Russia; (2) semi-structured interviews undertaken with 25 preschool educators from the major organisations representing them. The research showed the central role played by the state in all historical phases of the professionalisation of Russian early education. It was found that Russian preschool educators are discontented with their current professional standing, and look to the state to enhance it.

Competencies of preschool educators in Amsterdam: A Dutch perspective on language proficiency, language targets and didactic skills

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folkert Kuiken
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
National Level ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Preschool Educators ◽  
Didactic Skills ◽  
The City

AbstractSince the beginning of this century the Netherlands has invested much money and energy in the early education of two-and-a-half to six-year-old children in an effort to improve the quality of this type of education. In this paper we will focus on the measures that have been taken in the city with the largest number of preschools and early childhood educators in the Netherlands: Amsterdam. Great care is taken to fulfil the conditions for a successful early childhood education. What we have analyzed is the educators’ language proficiency level, their knowledge about language targets for the four to six-year-olds, and their didactic skills. A report of the schools inspectorate indicated that in many cases these competencies left much to be desired. Measures have therefore been taken in order to improve them. In this paper the contents of these measures and their results will be reported. It will become clear that constant interaction is going on between initiatives that have started on a local scale and measures that have been approved and are implemented at a national level.

The Chief Fallacy: A Commentary on Hostility to Hospitality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Fabian Winiger
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Life Measure ◽  
Structural Pluralism ◽  
The World

AbstractThis commentary takes issue with three central themes contained in Michael and Tracy Balboni’s Hostility to Hospitality: the argument against a ‘spirituality of immanence’ prevalent in biomedicine, the proposal for ‘structural pluralism’ as a model of institutional reform that addresses the alleged deficiencies of immanence, and the role of ‘chief love’ in the conceptualisation of a spirituality suitable to this form of pluralism. Drawing on a brief discussion of spiritualities which do not fit into the hermeneutic of ‘chief love’, we suggest that the Balbonis’ argument contains largely unexamined assumptions coloured by the authors’ own theological commitments. We contend that the success of ‘structural pluralism’ hinges on the extent to which the authors can credibly disentangle particular religious interests from their proposal for institutional reform, and that this requires broad consultation of spiritual experiences beyond ‘chief love’ and the critique of immanence. The World Health Organisation’s cross-cultural methodology employed in the development of a quality of life measure that incorporates “religiousness, spirituality and personal beliefs” (‘WHOQOL-SRPB’) is briefly discussed as an example of such consultation.

Zooësis and ‘Becoming with’ in India: The ‘Figure’ of Elephant inSahyande Makan: The Elephant Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
AMEET PARAMESWARAN
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The State ◽  
Theatrical Production ◽  
Donna Haraway ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Performance Challenges ◽  
Group Theatre

I analyseSahyande Makan: The Elephant Project(2008), a cross-cultural theatrical production in Malayalam and Japanese by the Kerala-based group Theatre Roots and Wings, as an instance of ‘zooësis’. The performance presents the state of an elephant in the space of a Kerala temple festival ritual,pooram. The elephant moves into a fantasy of the wild as it is under the physiological condition of musth. Approaching the question of the performing animal as intersectional, this performance challenges anthropocentrism and its assumed binary of human/animal, and draws a possible relation between domestic and wild, or the world of norms and freedom, both for elephants and for humans. I argue that by taking embodiment as the site of exploring discipline as well as imagining a freeing, and by positing an alternate way of ‘being worldly’ through affect and senses, the performance articulates what Donna Haraway has posited as the process of ‘becoming with’.

scholarly journals Harmonization of income taxation of individuals in the Eurasian economic union countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Shmelev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Tax Systems

The development trends and the state of income tax systems in the world and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union have been analyzed. Their similarities and differences have been revealed. The problem of harmonization of the legislation of income taxation of individuals has been considered. The assessment of justice and efficiency of the existing systems of income taxation in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union has been carried out. The concept of harmonization has been proposed, which allows not only to unify the laws of the Eurasian Economic Union countries, but also to ensure an increase of the efficiency and fairness of the system of income taxation of individuals.

scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE IN SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF POSTINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Tetyana MELNYK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Intensity

The tendencies of development of Ukraine’s foreign trade in services in the period of transition to postindustrial society are researched. The share of exports of Ukraine’s services in 2017 amounted to 0.2% of the world exports and 0.1% of the world imports. The foreign trade in technologically capacious services is analyzed by criterion of science intensity, according to which the Eurostat allocates 4 groups of high-tech services: the highest level of science intensity, science-intensive market services, science-intensive financial services and other science-intensive services. In foreign trade, the share of high-tech services is 42%; the share of exports is 26%. Thus, Ukraine is a net exporter on the world market of high-tech services and has over US$ 1.6 billion positive balance. Educational services, which belong to the fourth group of science-intensive services, are characterized by competitive advantages. Ukraine has a high coefficient of the population coverage with higher education. The final consumer spending of households for education in 2016 amounted to 1.3% of total expenditures in actual prices. Despite the fact that the price policy of Ukrainian higher education institutions is quite loyal, the number of students who go abroad to study increases every year. According to the CEDOS Center, the number of Ukrainian students studying in foreign universities amounted to 72 thousand in 2016-2017 academic year. According to the State Migration Service data, in 2016, 13,621 people left abroad and only 1,958 people returned. Moreover, highly qualified specialists are leaving, which negatively affects the quality of education. Ukrainian higher education institutions rank in the second half of the list of the international rankings of universities, with 5.6 out of 289. A study of the level of total per capita expenditures for health care at purchasing power parity showed that in Ukraine this level is 1.8 times lower than the world one, and 2-3.1 times lower comparing with countries of the post-Soviet space. The state and population health care expenditures increase (in 2017, they amounted to 0.02% of GDP), but are not accompanied by an increase in quality of services. No more than 6% of Ukrainians apply for personal health insurance programs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop regulatory and legal standards in the sphere of services, harmonized with international standards.

scholarly journals Impacts of a large and decentralized telepathology network in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Paré ◽  
Julien Meyer ◽  
Marie-Claude Trudel ◽  
Bernard Têtu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Continuous Coverage ◽  
Virtual Slides ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Hospitals

Background: Telepathology is one of the fast growing segment of the telemedicine field and Canada is recognized as a world leader in this particular domain. . Introduction: We report a benefits evaluation study of a decentralized telepathology network deployed in Eastern Quebec. The project involves 18 hospitals, making it one of the largest telepathology networks in the world. Materials and Methods: We first conducted 43 semi-structured interviews with telepathology users and managers. Hard data on the impacts of the telepathology network (e.g. the number of service disruptions, the average time between initial diagnosis and surgery) was also extracted and analyzed, where available. Results: Users found the system to be easy to use and the quality of the virtual slides and images was also considered satisfactory by pathologists. A key objective was to provide continuous coverage of intraoperative consultations in hospitals with no pathologist. Our findings show that no service disruptions were recorded in the se sites. Surgeons agreed that the use of telepathology helped avoid second surgeries and improved accessibility to care services. Telepathology was also perceived by respondents as having positive impacts on remote hospitals’ ability to retain and recruit specialists. Discussion: The observed benefits should not leave the impression that implementing telepathology is a trivial matter. Indeed, many technical, human and organizational challenges may be encountered. Conclusions: Telepathology can be highly useful in regional hospitals that do not have a pathologist on site. More research is needed to investigate the challenges and benefits associated with this growing form of telemedicine.

scholarly journals COMMON-SENSE LEGITIMATION OF INFORMAL PRACTICES IN PRESENT-DAY SERBIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
MILOŠ JOVANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Orientation ◽  
Informal Practices

As a part of a larger research within the Horizon 2020 project Closing the Gap Between Formal and Informal Institutions in the Balkans, 38 semi-structured interviews with citizens of Serbia have been conducted in the period  July – October 2017. These comprise the database used for analysis of “narratives of informality” – stories of how the research participants legitimize (or rationalize) informal practices (using connections and acquaintances to “get things done”, giving/receiving bribe, exchange of favors, etc.), supplemented by the analysis of participants’ attitudes towards informal practices, particularly when using them themselves. An insight into the respondents’ ideas of informality was gained through describing and understanding doxa – beliefs of an individual as “a quasi-perfect correspondence between the objective order and the subjective principles of organization (with which) the natural and social world appear as self-evident” (Bourdieu) or senso comune (Gramsci) – “naturalized”, unreflected, practical knowledge taking the form of self-explanatory content of common sense, that which is taken for granted, what “everybody knows“, the knowledge of the world that is undisputed – “just the way it is”, the domain of indefinite beliefs and incoherent views of the world, the knowledge which “legitimizes with the absence of legitimizing”. The assumption is that the “quality” of doxa, in the sense of its positive or negative orientation, has a large impact on the possibility of changes in formal practices and procedures – in some cases serving as a stimulus for change, and as an obstacle to changes in others – situations in which the new/imported rules remain “empty shells” with little influence in social life.

scholarly journals Body consciousness of people with intestinal stomach: A phenomenological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Dean Barbosa Marques ◽  
Rosendo Freitas de Amorim ◽  
Fátima Luna Pinheiro Landim ◽  
Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira ◽  
July Grassiely de Oliveira Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Bodily Awareness ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the bodily awareness of people with stomies. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out in the Ostomized Association of the State of Ceará, through semi-structured interviews with ten people with intestinal stomies, according to Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological thinking. Results: two categories of analysis emerged: The body that I have, in which the sensations of deficiency, imperfection and bad odor add to the feeling of strangeness towards one's own body, affecting the way of being in the world of each deponent; and The body that others perceive, in which the stoma is seen as an embarrassing and complex experience, since it hampers daily activities and conviviality with other people. Final considerations: The corporeal consciousness of Being-Stomp-in-the-world requires the movement to reconstruct the senses of the body from the body I have and from that which others perceive.

scholarly journals “I love my work but...” The Professionalization of Early Childhood Education

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Early Education And Care ◽  
Professional Development Training ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Relationship

There are two separate but related issues that have challenged advocates, researchers and practitioners in the field of early education and care work for decades : improving the quality of children’s programs and increasing the wages and benefits of the workers. The solution has been framed as a need for professionalizing the workforce – professional development training, higher education and enhanced skills. While seeking professional status is expected to improve the quality of childcare programs and worker compensation, the relationship between quality, compensation and professional development training has not been fully explored. Through in - depth interviews with 32 early childhood educators I explored the relationship between educational qualifications and experience , with teacher pay and condition s of employment. Although the majority saw their work as “valuable and meaningful” they did not intend to remain in early childhood education. They experienced poverty wages, few benefits, high work related expenses and job insecurity. Their narratives highlight a crisis in early childhood education that requires radical change within the profession of early education . To retain the most qualified and motivated early childhood educators , pay and working conditions must be improved. Obtaining professional status and credentials for early education and care workers is not enough . Substantial increases in wages and benefits must be central to this movement; anything less suggests exploitation not professionalization.

scholarly journals Becoming a Complete Person : Discussing the Aim of Confucian Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Wen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The World

The Confucian idea of humanness (Ren) is most commonly translated as “benevolence”. The aim of enhancing one’s virtue such as benevolence is to perform one’s occupation; to position oneself in the world; and to managing the state. Through teaching archery, charioteering(truth), rites(good), and poetry(beauty), the Confucian education aims at cultivate consummate individuals with complete characteristics. The application of Confucian education in the current early childhood education will be discussed.

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