scholarly journals Places of Memory: Holocaust Memorials in Vidzeme and Their Symbolic Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Holocaust Memorials

In analysing the symbolic language of Holocaust memorials, the author uses the concept of lieux de mémoire, elaborated by the French historian Pierre Nora. Nora highlights the essential differences, even rupture, between history and memory and the growing importance of lieux de mémoire, places of memory that lie between memory and history. The task of these places is to return the event to the present, reviving it in both the individual memory and the memory of society. Therefore, a memorial can also be considered a lieu de memoire. Moreover, the memorial is a more complicated case with material, symbolic and functional significance, a lieu de mémoire and a historical text with changing relations between them. The paper will briefly describe the basic principles of Holocaust iconography and the history of the development of Holocaust memorials as a new genre of commemorative art. The author will look at the development of this genre in Latvia using the example of memorials dedicated to victims of Nazism in Vidzeme. The monument’s symbolic language and whether it has been influenced by the specific place and events or whether artists have followed a specific iconographic canon will be explained. The examples will also be considered from the point of view of the dialectics between a place of memory and a historical text, mentioned above.

The Chronological Development of Wisdom Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 372-388
Author(s):  
Markus Saur
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Short History ◽  
Ben Sira ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

In this article, the historical localization of Hebrew Bible Wisdom Literature is discussed firstly with regard to the literary development of the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes. By examining these books one can make several observations that help to reconstruct the history not only of the individual books, but also the history of Wisdom Literature as a whole. Wisdom Literature is understood in this context as the result of a process of discussion, interaction, and interdependence, and thus the documentation of a broader discourse surrounding Wisdom topics. This discourse is reflected in the whole of Wisdom Literature of the Hebrew Bible. From this point of view, the differentiation between the Wisdom books and some other Wisdom texts, such as the Wisdom Psalms or the book of Ben Sira, is finally placed within an era overview, and thus a short history of Wisdom Literature is presented.

scholarly journals Concept “Happiness” in the Autobiographical Prose of Vladimir Nabokov

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Nadezhda S. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Artistic Experience ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artistic Image

«Happiness» is one of the most significant cultural universals, semantically related to the concepts of the spiritual life of a man, the most important element performing meaning-forming and plot-forming role in an artistic work. The study of the reflection of notions about happiness in the autobiographical prose of V. Nabokov in the context of the literary and cultural situation of the first wave of Russian emigration is defined by the specifics of autobiography as a text that is created at the end of life and involves its recognition from the point of view of a person summing up intermediate or final results. The article analyzes the artistic concept «happiness» in the autobiographical prose of V. Nabokov; it determines its individual author’s content that is correlated with the general cultural content of the concept. The article is devoted to the study of the concept «happiness» as a complex emotional and value formation which reflects the universal artistic experience, recorded in the cultural memory, expresses the individual author’s understanding of the essence of objects and phenomena. The conceptual component of the word «happiness» in the creativity of V. Nabokov includes the harmonious fullness of life, freedom, the gift of creativity, the happiness of childhood, family, the hearth, the happiness of love and marriage, the enjoyment of life and its joys, a reflection of the personal history of upbringing and testing. The concept «happiness» implements not only semantic, but also axiological possibilities, reflecting both the own characteristics of the subject of the artistic image and the features of idiostyle of the writer.

scholarly journals Escrita, biografia e sensibilidade: o discurso da memória soviética de Svetlana Aleksiévitch como um problema historiográfico

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
João Camilo Grazziotin Portal
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Past Experiences

O presente artigo se debruça sobre a obra da jornalista e escritora ucraniana/bielorrussa Svetlana Aleksiévitch, ganhadora do Nobel de Literatura de 2015. Composta por milhares de testemunhos traumáticos, a obra se propõe escrever a história do “pequeno homem soviético” de maneira sensível, dando à memória individual valor reconstitutivo da experiência passada, de modo ao componente “memória” ser associado à “verdade”. Assim, com um olhar literário, e não historiográfico, a autora opõe, política e existencialmente, a memória biográfica à “gloriosa história da Vitória soviética”. Assim, busca-se investigar metodologicamente os usos da memória enquanto fonte em sua narrativa e trazer, a partir de uma preocupação biográfica, corporal e sensível, problematizações linguísticas e epistemológicas para a escrita da história contemporânea.Palavras-chave: Svetlana Aleksiévitch; Memória soviética; Linguagem; Escrita da história.Abstract The present paper aims at reflecting about the work of the ucranian/bielorussian journalist and writer Svetlana Aleksiévitch, winner of the 2015 Nobel of Literature. Composed by thousands of traumatic testimonials, her book proposes to write the history of the “little Sovietic man” in a sensitive way, giving the individual memory a reconstitutable value over the past experiences, in a way that “memory” is associated to “truth”. Thus, not within an historiographical perspective, but rather through a literary one, the author opposes, politically and existentially, a biographical memory to the “glorious history of the Soviet victory”. On these grounds, this paper targets to investigate methodologically the uses of memory as a source in Aleksiévitch’s narrative, and also to bring, through a biographical, corporal and sensible preoccupation, linguistical and epistemological questionings to the process of contemporary historical writing.Keywords: Svetlana Aleksiévich; Soviet memory; Language; Writing of history.

Genocide and Memory

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Stone
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Life Narratives ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
With Memory

This article explores the history of genocide by looking at collective memories, from the point of view of Western culture. Western culture is suffused with autobiographies, especially with traumatic life narratives about the legacies of abusive childhoods. For the individual victims of genocide, traumatic memories cannot be escaped; for societies, genocide has profound effects that are immediately felt and that people are exhorted never to forget. The discussion shows how genocide is bound up with memory, on an individual level of trauma and on a collective level in terms of the creation of stereotypes, prejudice, and post-genocide politics. Despite the risks of perpetuating old divisions or reopening unhealed wounds, grappling with memory remains essential in order to remind the victims that they are not the worthless or less than human beings that their tormentors have portrayed them as such.

Sejarah Dekonsentrasi Di Indonesia Dan Agenda Kebijakan Kedepan

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tri Widodo W. Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Election System ◽  
History Of

Together with decentralization and assistance tasks (medebewind), deconcentration constitutes basic principles in managing central-local government relationships. From a historical point of view, the degree of deconcentration and decentralization has been up and down. Until recently, there is no single belief among Indonesian experts and officials regarding the best form of deconcentration. Therefore, deconcentration continues to transform and still searching for its best formula. Under such consideration, this paper tries to tracking back the history of deconcentration and its limitations. Before coming to conclusion, it proposes four agendas to recover the implementation of deconcentration in Indonesia, i.e. clarifying the position of the head of region, improving the election system, redesigning the deconcentration affairs and authorities, and explicating goals of decentralization and deconcentration.

scholarly journals Dulce bellum inexpertis. “Skøn er krigen for den, der ikke kender den.” Arild Huitfeldt og Christian 4.

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Heiberg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Just War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Arild Huitfeldt’s prefaces to the individual volumes of his Chronicles of Denmark (1595–1604) assume their character of political admonitions addressed to the young Christian IV. Harald Ilsøe has characterized Huitfeldt as a “secret” student of Machiavelli and has shown that the prefaces contain concealed quotations from the Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio. An undisguised ideal figure, whom Huitfeldt likes to quote, is Philippe de Commines. Huitfeldt, in his foreword to Hans Mogensen’s Danish translation of Philippe de Commines’ Memoirs (1605), accordingly adopts as his own ideal the analytical and “realistic” approach to writing history of Philippe de Commines and Guicciardini.Huitfeldt does more than simply paraphrase Machiavelli and de Commines. In his preface to King Hans’ history (1599), Huitfeldt, proceeding from this king’s efforts to reconquer Sweden, stresses that even a just war could go wrong. His arguments are political as well as moral and draw on undeclared references to Erasmus of Rotterdam’s antiwar essay Dulce bellum inexpertis – war is beautiful for those who do not know it – which is contained in his Adagia, a collection with commentaries of Greek and Latin sayings.Erasmus’ point is that war is often started by inexperienced princes, who lack insight.Huitfeldt’s use of such formulations in a preface to a young king, who desires an expansive foreign policy, must be seen as daring.By combining Erasmus and Machiavelli, Huitfeldt emphasizes that morality and realpolitik are not opposites; avoiding the devastation of war is a form of realpolitik.Relying one-sidedly on a military solution is a sign of inexperience, dulce bellum inexpertis. This point of view was reiterated at a meeting of the war council in 1604, where Huitfeldt and his supporters opposed the king’s war plans by explaining that politics is not simply a matter of having right on one’s side: he who aims to rule must be able to dissemble and to exercise self-discipline. One must take account of reality.

scholarly journals GENDERED DISCOURSE THROUGH PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY

HOMEROS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Nigiar ISGANDAROVA
Keyword(s):  
Fibonacci Sequence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Fixed Proportion ◽  
Dominant Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiral Shape ◽  
Literary Characters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functionalist Approach

This paper aims to articulate the problem of relationship between an individual and society and its outreach through literary texts. I argue that the paradigms of interrelation of women, men, and society, particularly in the communities with pivotal patriarchal status have been directly adapted to the concepts and theories of society development. In the history of philosophy and sociology, various paradigms of society have been developed; the most popular among them are associating society with a bio-organism, analyzing society and an individual from an anthropological point of view, constructing a functionalist approach to this problem. J.J. Rousseau, Spinoza, Diderot, R. Merton, E. Durkheim for centuries have attempted to define a society and highlight its essential features. In this research, the problem is developing through the literary texts of the prominent Azerbaijan writer Anar and his literary characters, focusing on their moral and ethical priorities. As a basis for our research, we have chosen the Robert Merton’s structural functionalism approach. In addition, I agree with many scholars who believe that the movement of history has a spiral shape and at each turn of this spiral, the assessment of the individual by society is equivalent to the totality of values determined by society itself. It is accepted that the number of moral values is stable, but their combination is changing, corresponding to the Fibonacci Sequence, where spirals have a fixed proportion determining their shape (Vauclair 2009). I propose that in all patriarchal societies, the mode of perception of a woman by a man occurs at the level of his genetic memory. Moreover, the memory dictates him the same values as it was centuries ago. The code has not been changed since the period of the Lost Paradise. We will trace this formula of stable genetic memory and changing forms of assessment in a male-dominant society on the examples of the literary characters in Anar’s “White harbor” and Edgar Poe’s “Ligeia”.

scholarly journals Means to support the object traces in the conceptual modeling systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Ismailova ◽  
S. V. Kosikov ◽  
V. E. Wolfengagen ◽  
J. V. Mazurova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intensional Logic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
To Receive

The paper considers the problem of conceptual modeling of the domains, in which a large number of changes takes place, possesses a number of specific features. Some of the features are connected to the nature of the ongoing changes. The problem becomes severe when the domain contains a large quantity of independently acting agents that can produce changes in various parts of the model, the sets of interrelated data being changed by different agents independently.Besides that, when supporting the dynamic nature models the possibilities of future changes in model objects might largely be deter- mined not only by their current state, but also by the past state - history of the objects in the model. The support to such history inside the current state of the object can be difficult, cumbersome or impractical for other reasons, which also stimulates the search for new ap- proaches to ensure the map of the changes of objects in the domain model.It is offered to receive the decision by single out the individual information identities, that can be called state trajectories from the con- ceptual point of view and object traces from the implementation point of view. They represent a sequence of changes in the state of mod- el objects essential for its support. The traces can fix not all changes of the corresponding objects, but only those which have an influence on the further behavior of the model. Various ways of supporting of traces are considered. The paper presents an approach to the deter- mination and the support to the traces, based on using a combination of methods of the intensional logic and applicative computational systems. 

The Study of African History

1950 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
J. W. Blake
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
African History ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Regional Histories

In speaking this afternoon on the study of African history, I am very conscious that the choice of subject is ambitious. Many aspects of African history are more and more attracting the close attention of scholars, and I wish to apply to the history of the African continent as a whole the experience gained by the study of some aspects of the history of one of the regions, the West Coast. For I have learned that there are dangers no less than securities in the pursuit in isolation of selected regional or topical studies. Authoritative regional histories—histories of the individual colonies of the European states in Africa—are badly needed. But it seems to me that such tasks of local specialized investigation should not be allowed, as they proceed, to throw out of focus the whole picture of African history. So I would respectfully suggest that a case exists for a broader and more integrated approach to the study of African history and for an interpretation of African events from the point of view not merely of the European but also of the Arab, the Indian, and above all the Bantu and the Negro. My appeal is for the study of African history mainly through African eyes and for its own sake.

Can we educate a genius? Deliberations on the margins of the writings of Nietzsche

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gurczyńska-Sady
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Process

The article deals with the issue of systemic education. The author asks a classic question of whether traditional education systems should concentrate on students with average abilities or maybe they should foster the most talented ones. Considerations on this subject are conducted with regard to the multi-layered thought of Nietzsche, whose position is so invaluable that in a possible polemic it is situated as an exceptionally radical. Writing down the natural history of mankind, Nietzsche formulates a thesis that the moment of the creation of the first human communities, the moment of the socialisation of man, was extremely unfavourable as far as man’s strength, ability and creativity are concerned. He presents socialisation, which is part of the education process, as beneficial for the community and detrimental to the individual. This situation in the course of history remains the same, which – after the adoption of Nietzschean assumptions – gives cause to adopt a radical position of those who deem the education system unfit to foster outstanding individuals. Nietzsche’s view, in comparison with other views, is so innovative that it considers the inability as genealogically founded. Although the educational system from the point of view of the majority contributes to the emergence of new content, ideas or values, it remains inefficient for individuals of genius.

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