scholarly journals Natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in bats captured in Campeche and Yucatán, México

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Marco Torres-Castro ◽  
Naomi Cuevas-Koh ◽  
Silvia Hernández-Betancourt ◽  
Henry Noh-Pech ◽  
Erendira Estrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Introduction: Bats have been reported as hosts of the Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan, the etiologic agent of American trypanosomiasis, an endemic zoonotic disease in México.Objective: To describe T. cruzi infection in bats from the states of Campeche and Yucatán, México.Materials and methods: Captures were made from March to November, 2017, at three sites in Yucatán and one in Campeche. Up to four mist nets on two consecutive nights were used for the capture. The bats’ species were identified and euthanasia was performed to collect kidney and heart samples for total DNA extraction. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was detected by conventional PCR with the amplification of a fragment belonging to the T. cruzi DNA nuclear.Results: Eighty-six bats belonging to five families (Vespertilionidae, Noctilionidae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, and Molossidae) and 13 species (Rhogeessa aeneus, Noctilio leporinus, Pteronotus davyi, P. parnellii, Artibeus jamaicensis, A. lituratus, A. phaeotis, Glossophaga soricina, Carollia sowelli, Chiroderma villosum, Uroderma bilobatum, Sturnira parvidens, and Molossus rufus) were captured. Infection frequency by PCR was 30,2% (26/86) detected only in the renal tissue. The infected species were P. parnellii, G. soricina, A. lituratus, A. jamaicensis, S. parvidens, C. villosum, and R. aeneus.Conclusions: Our results confirmed the participation of several bat species as hosts in the T. cruzi transmission cycle in the region. Further studies are necessary to establish the importance of these animals in the zoonotic transmission of T. cruzi.

scholarly journals Investigation regarding the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and humans in rural households in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e54101018366
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Abreu ◽  
Hevillyn Fernanda Lucas da Silva ◽  
Marcella Paula Mansano Sarto ◽  
Giullia Ferreira Iunklaus ◽  
João Vitor Trovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
The State ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The North ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (CD), is transmitted by hematophagous insects belonging to the subfamily Triatominae. After elimination of Triatoma infestans, the infestation of human dwellings by secondary species of vectors continues to pose a risk of transmission of the parasite. Our aim was to investigate the T. cruzi presence in triatomines and humans in rural households in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. The capture of the insects was carried out by technicians of the municipalities after residents reported the outbreak. Five residents and 27 triatomines captured in four municipalities in the North and Midwest of the state were evaluated. The research of T. cruzi was carried out using parasitological, serological, and molecular techniques, in human blood, excreta, intestinal contents and insect macerate. Panstrongylus megistus, P. geniculatus and Triatoma sp.  were identified. Ten specimens of P. megistus were captured in a house in Mandaguari with five residents and presented an infection rate of 70% for T. cruzi like. All residents tested negative for T. cruzi infection. Another 15 P. megistus were captured in the peridomicile in Janiópolis and had 100.0% positivity. The only adult specimen of P. geniculatus captured in the intradomicile in Amaporã, as well as the nymph of Triatoma in the peridomicile in Paiçandu, were negative. The finding of P. megistus naturally infected by T. cruzi in households in rural area of Paraná demonstrates a potential risk of vector transmission of CD in these regions.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Mechanism of Trypanosoma cruzi Acquisition by Triatomine Insects: Evidence from a Large Field Survey of Triatoma infestans

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Aaron W. Tustin ◽  
Ricardo Castillo-Neyra ◽  
Laura D. Tamayo ◽  
Renzo Salazar ◽  
Katty Borini-Mayorí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Triatomine Bugs ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Blood-sucking triatomine bugs transmit the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. We measured the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in 58,519 Triatoma infestans captured in residences in and near Arequipa, Peru. Among bugs from infected colonies, T. cruzi prevalence increased with stage from 12% in second instars to 36% in adults. Regression models demonstrated that the probability of parasite acquisition was roughly the same for each developmental stage. Prevalence increased by 5.9% with each additional stage. We postulate that the probability of acquiring the parasite may be related to the number of feeding events. Transmission of the parasite does not appear to be correlated with the amount of blood ingested during feeding. Similarly, other hypothesized transmission routes such as coprophagy fail to explain the observed pattern of prevalence. Our results could have implications for the feasibility of late-acting control strategies that preferentially kill older insects.

scholarly journals Murciélagos generalistas de Costa Rica: descripción macroambiental de sitios de captura, características de hospedero y caracterización molecular de Leishmania spp. y Trypanosoma spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Randall Rubí-Chacón ◽  
Andrea Urbina-Villalobos ◽  
Marco Herrero ◽  
Gaby Dolz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Los Grupos

Los murciélagos constituyen uno de los grupos de mamíferos más beneficiosos para los ecosistemas,ya que contribuyen con la dispersión de semillas, polinización de plantas y control de insectosplaga y portadores de microorganismos transmisores de enfermedades. En otros países, algunosmurciélagos han sido detectados con diversos agentes infecciosos por lo que es importante conocersi alojan parásitos de Leishmania spp. y Trypanosoma cruzi, agentes endémicos en nuestro país. Elobjetivo de este estudio fue detectar Leishmania spp. y Trypanosoma spp., en murciélagos generalistas,al describir características del huésped, factores macroambientales de sitios de captura e identificarmolecularmente los hemoparásitos para estudiar las relaciones huésped, agente, ambiente y posiblesrelaciones filogenéticas.Se realizó un estudio transversal en 11 localidades de Costa Rica, donde se capturó un total de 98murciélagos. De cada individuo se anotó el peso, sexo, grupo etario y condición reproductiva y se tomómuestras de sangre. Mediante PCR se amplificó una región del gen 18S para determinar la presencia deLeishmania spp. y Trypanosoma spp. Se realizó un análisis de las características macroambientales delos sitios de captura mediante el uso de capas vectoriales del Atlas de Costa Rica, 2014 y se analizaronrelaciones filogenéticas con secuencias de otros tripanosomátidos descritas anteriormente. Se determinópresencia de Leishmania spp. y Trypanosoma spp. en murciélagos Glossophaga soricina, Carolliasowelli, C. perspicillata y Artibeus jamaicensis. El peso y la precipitación se muestran como posiblesvariables relacionadas con la presencia de estos tripanosomátidos. Se comprueba, por primera vez ennuestro país, Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi y T. minasense sin evidencia de afectación de losmurciélagos. El análisis filogenético apoya la separación de T. minasense de T. rangeli, y T. cruzi y unaposible relación con tripanosomátidos suramericanos. Esta investigación contribuye al entendimientode las relaciones filogenéticas de los hemoflagelados asociados a quirópteros del continente americano.

Influence of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) Infection on Mortality of the Sylvatic Triatomine Vector, Mepraia spinolai (Heteroptera: Reuviidae), Under Fasting

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1384-1388
Author(s):  
Vanessa Garcia ◽  
Johsmar Graterol ◽  
Angélica López ◽  
Sylvia Ortiz ◽  
Aldo Solari
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Hematophagous Insect ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract The etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted by hematophagous insect vectors that subsist on repeated blood meals over their lives separated by periods of fasting. Using naturally infected Mepraia spinolai, we measured the influence of parasite infection on this host vector’s mortality during regular feeding and after fasting. After their capture, the insects were fed twice with uninfected mice to evaluate parasitic infection in their fecal samples by microscopic observation and PCR. Then the insects were subjected to a fasting period, followed by a third (final) feeding. After each feeding, a fecal sample was obtained to evaluate T. cruzi infection. To determine its progress through ontogeny, mortality and ecdysis of the infected and uninfected nymphs and adults were recorded on three occasions, over 140 d, and analyzed. Detections of infection by T. cruzi between the two first feedings increased, but this detection level was generally reduced after final feeding unless reinfected. For nymphs (stages III–V), their mortality was highest when infected after the fasting period, whereas adults were equally resistant to death after fasting when infected with T. cruzi. Metacyclic trypomastigotes were principally excreted in the fecal samples. Our results confirm that T. cruzi is pathogenic to its invertebrate hosts under nutritional stress conditions, when nymphs’ mortality is higher while infected than uninfected when they were hungry. These results are epidemiologically important because T. cruzi harms the fasting vector M. spinolai, reducing its lifespan and competence as a disease vector, and thereby its rates of parasite transmission.

Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Prevalence and Bloodmeal Analysis in Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease From Rural Peridomestic Locations in Texas, 2013–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodion Gorchakov ◽  
Lillian P. Trosclair ◽  
Edward J. Wozniak ◽  
Patricia T. Feria ◽  
Melissa N. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
High Infection ◽  
History Of

Abstract Protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, which affects millions of people in Latin America. Recently, the disease has been gaining attention in Texas and the southern United States. Transmission cycle of the parasite involves alternating infection between insect vectors and vertebrate hosts (including humans, wildlife, and domestic animals). To evaluate vector T. cruzi parasite burden and feeding patterns, we tested triatomine vectors from 23 central, southern, and northeastern counties of Texas. Out of the 68 submitted specimens, the majority were genetically identified as Triatoma gerstaeckeri (Stal, 1859), with a few samples of Triatoma sanguisuga (LeConte, 1855), Triatoma lecticularia (Stal, 1859), Triatoma rubida (Uhler, 1894), and Triatoma protracta woodi (Usinger, 1939). We found almost two-thirds of the submitted insects were polymerase chain reaction-positive for T. cruzi. Bloodmeal sources were determined for most of the insects, and 16 different species of mammals were identified as hosts. The most prevalent type of bloodmeal was human, with over half of these insects found to be positive for T. cruzi. High infection rate of the triatomine vectors combined with high incidence of feeding on humans highlight the importance of Chagas disease surveillance in Texas. With our previous findings of autochthonous transmission of Chagas disease, urgent measures are needed to increase public awareness, vector control in and around homes, and Chagas screening of residents who present with a history of a triatomine exposure.

scholarly journals 1357. A Combination of Itraconazole and Amiodarone Is Highly Effective Against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S415-S416
Author(s):  
Gabriele Sass ◽  
Roy Madigan ◽  
Adriana Bozzi ◽  
Nazish Sayed ◽  
Joseph Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Abstract Background Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, which can result in severe cardiomyopathy. Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic to the Americas, and of particular importance in Latin America. In the United States and other nonendemic countries, rising case numbers have been observed. The only drugs available so far are benznidazole and nifurtimox, which have limited efficacy during chronic infection. We repurposed itraconazole, originally an antifungal, in combination with amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic, with the goal to interfere with Tc infection. Both drugs inhibit sterol synthesis, while amiodarone also inhibits calcium metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods Human pluripotent stem cells (HiPSC) were differentiated to cardiomyocytes (HiPSC-CM). Vero cells or HiPSC-CM were infected with the T. cruzi trypomastigotes Y strain in the presence of itraconazole and/or amiodarone. After 48 hours, infection and multiplication were evaluated by Giemsa stain. Benznidazole was used as a reference compound. Cell viability was verified by XTT assay. Results Itraconazole and amiodarone showed dose-dependent interference with T. cruzi infection of Vero cells or HiPSC-CM. The combination of itraconazole and amiodarone was more potent than the single substances, or benznidazole at therapeutic concentrations, without affecting host cell metabolism. In addition to effects on infection, itraconazole, or amiodarone affected T. cruzi multiplication. Here, itraconazole/amiodarone combinations were more potent than either alone, both, in Vero cells, and HiPSC-CM. Conclusion Our in vitro data suggest that a combination of itraconazole and amiodarone might serve as an effective new treatment option for Chagas disease, particularly cardiac involvement, in human and animal patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Advances in understanding the role of adipose tissue and mitochondrial oxidative stress in Trypanosoma cruzi infection

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi F. Nagajyothi ◽  
Louis M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Chagasic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, causes a latent infection that results in cardiomyopathy. Infection with this pathogen is a major socio-economic burden in areas of endemic infection throughout Latin America. The development of chagasic cardiomyopathy is dependent on the persistence of this parasite in host tissues. Pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy is multifactorial and research indicates that it includes microvascular dysfunction, immune responses to host and parasite antigens, and various vasoactive and lipid mediators produced by both the host and parasite. It has been demonstrated that T. cruzi persists in adipose tissue and uses fat as a nutritional niche in infected hosts. This chronic infection of adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis and persistence of this infection and involves mitochondrial stress responses as well as the production of various anti-inflammatory adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines by both white and brown adipose tissue. The changes in diet in endemic regions of infection have resulted in an epidemic of obesity that has significant implications for the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and the development of chagasic cardiomyopathy in infected humans.

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