scholarly journals Serosurveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases: A look inside the pertussis experience

Biomédica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supl. 2) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Doracelly Hincapié ◽  
Marcela Acevedo ◽  
María Cristina Hoyos ◽  
Jesús Ochoa ◽  
Catalina González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Process ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Serological surveillance (serosurveillance) provides the most direct measure of herd immunity of vaccine-preventable diseases. Little is known about the opportunities and challenges of serosurveillance experiences, particularly pertussis.Objective: To describe the process of serosurveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases with an emphasis on the experience of pertussis in the metropolitan area of Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) in 2015 and 2016 and analyze the contributions and challenges for its sustainability.Materials and methods: We described the planning and conduction of serosurveillance of pertussis antibodies of mothers and in the umbilical cord at the time of delivery in eight hospitals based on random sampling and their capacity to advance the serosurveillance periodically. We compared the contributions and the challenges of this experience with other probabilistic and non-probabilistic programs.Results: We achieved the participation of hospitals and mothers respecting the delivery care process. We established a serum bank following ethical and technical guidelines. This program based on the random selection of hospitals and mothers has enabled the estimation of antibodies prevalence in mothers and in the umbilical cord, which has been possible given the high coverage of hospital care during childbirth at a lower cost and fewer risks than a population-based survey in conflictive areas. The main challenges for the sustainability of this program are the creation of stable jobs and access to funding and legal and methodological long-term frameworks.Conclusions: Hospital serosurveillance as described is an option to monitor the impact of vaccination on the population. Our experience could be reproduced in other regions under similar conditions if the above-mentioned challenges are solved.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pre- and Post-Stroke Statin Use on Stroke Severity and Long-Term Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Flach ◽  
Maria Elstad ◽  
Walter Muruet ◽  
Charles D.A. Wolfe ◽  
Anthony G. Rudd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statin Use

Background: The benefit of statins on stroke incidence is well known. However, data on the relationship between pre- and post-stroke statin use, recurrence, and survival outcomes are limited. We aim to investigate the short- and long-term relationships between statin prescription, stroke recurrence, and survival in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods: Data were collected from the population-based South London Stroke Register for the years 1995–2015. Patients were assessed at the time of first ever stroke, 3 months, and annually thereafter. Data on vascular risk factors, treatments prescribed, sociodemographic characteristics, stroke subtype, survival, and stroke recurrence were collected. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the relationship of statin prescriptions pre- and post-stroke on stroke severity, long-term recurrence and survival. Results: Patients prescribed statins both pre- and post-stroke showed a 24% reduction in mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.76, 0.60–0.97), those who were prescribed statins pre-stroke and then stopped post-stroke showed greater risk of mortality (aHR 1.85, 1.10–3.12) and stroke recurrence (aHR 3.25, 1.35–7.84) compared to those that were not prescribed statins at any time. No associations were observed between pre-stroke statin and severity of the initial stroke overall, though a protective effect against moderate/severe stroke (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12) was observed in those aged 75+ years (aOR 0.70, 0.52–0.95). Conclusions: Statins play a significant role in improving the survival rates after a stroke. Adherence to the National Guidelines that promote statin treatment, primary and secondary prevention of stroke should be monitored and a focus for quality improvement programs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Investment Decision and Funding on Financial Performance and Firm Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Hadi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Managers who are responsible for the management of companies are faced with two important decisions - investment and funding. The right investment decisions and choice of funding sources are important because they affect the company's financial performance. The selection of the types of assets to be invested and the right types of financing sources result in optimal returns for the company. It reflects good company performance and future prospects. In addition, optimal return is a good sign for investors. Companies that perform well experience increase in the value of their firm. This study examined the effect of investment decisions and the selection of appropriate sources of funds on the performance of the company and the consequent impact on the firm value. The study was conducted in two parts. The first part examined the effect of investment decisions on long-term assets with long-term funding on the rate of return and firm value. The second part examined the effect of investment decisions on the company's short-term assets and funding for financial performance and firm value. The case study used in this research is a consumer goods sub-sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2010 to 2017. Path analysis is the data analysis tools that was used. The results of data analysis showed that the asset structure has an effect on financial performance and firm value. The capital structure affects the financial performance but does not affect the firm value of the company. Financial performance was measured by ROI.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF ADVERTISING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NEW TRENDS OF CONSUMPTION AS A SOCIAL ACTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Reshetilova ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Kuvaieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
Ambiguous Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of advertising transformation under the influence of new trends of consumption as a social action. It is highlighted that the current socio-economic situation is creating new subjects for the analysis of already well-known objects. The place and role of advertising in modern society is certainly based on its market principles in the past, but today it is necessary to take into account a set of influencing factors that were previously mutually exclusive but are now indivisible. The greatest influence is exerted by the socio-cultural aspect of consumer behavior, which is based on values and motivators that come from the lifestyle in a qualitatively new external environment. It means that they are not limited to market transactions. Moreover, in today's conditions, social stratification has receded into the background and is not among the main factors of influence. This transformation of understanding the practice of consumption allows to reasonably recruit and use advertising tools to increase their effectiveness. It is determined that during forming an advertising campaign it is necessary to consider the impact on consumer behavior of modern information technology, namely the selection of the necessary information from the large amount that is available. A large amount of information creates an ambiguous situation for the consumer. This requires the integration of advertising tools. It is established that the parallel use of several advertising media allows to carry out the influence similarly to the technology of purposeful management. The availability of technical means that quickly realize the desire can be recommended for both long-term brand communication and for the short term.

Long-Term Implications of the Infomedic during the COVID-19 Pandemic to US Adolescents’ HPV Vaccination Rates: Maternal Engagement with Pro- and Anti-vaccine Social Media Posts and Overarching Vaccine Hesitancy (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Argyris ◽  
Yongsuk Kim ◽  
Won Song
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The propagation of vaccine misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that the pandemic may pose long-term harm on public health via depressed immunization rates. Between February 2020 and April 2020, the uptake rates of the HPV vaccine have decreased by 73%. Missing the critical age for HPV vaccination (i.e., 11-12 years old) will make adolescents susceptible to HPV-associated cancers in the next 20-30 years. Despite the importance, very few pro-vaccine interventions conducted on SM have succeeded in increasing HPV vaccination rates. OBJECTIVE Our overall objective is to identify the reasons why anti-vaccine messages effectively lower HPV vaccination rates while pro-vaccine messages do not increase such rates. In so doing, we suggest that overarching vaccine hesitancy is a reason for the discrepant outcomes of anti- vs. pro-vaccine SM posts. Our objective is pursued in two specific aims: we compare anti- and pro-vaccine posts in terms of (i) their roles in fostering overarching vaccine hesitancy among mothers (the main HPV vaccine decision-makers), and (ii) accompanying HPV vaccination rates among their adolescent children. METHODS In late December of 2019-mid January of 2020, we conducted a population-based survey among 426 mothers of US adolescents aged 13–18. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus in China occurred in December 2019, and awareness regarding the virus was increasing in the US during this time. Therefore, our data collected during this time allow us to infer the impact of increasing overarching vaccine hesitancy on HPV vaccination rates, while excluding the effects of access restrictions to healthcare facilities imposed since March of 2020. We developed a rigorous scale for engagement with anti- and pro-vaccine SM posts, measured adolescents’ HPV vaccination rates along the series initiation to completion, and conducted path analyses to assess the associations among them. RESULTS Our survey results show that mothers’ engagement with anti-vaccine content is negatively associated with their children’s HPV vaccine vaccination rates via their increased overarching vaccine hesitancy. In contrast, maternal engagement with pro-vaccine SM content is not associated with either overarching vaccine hesitancy or HPV vaccine vaccination rates. These results remained significant after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and accessibility factors, suggesting that mothers’ engagement with anti-vaccine messages on SM explains above and beyond what other known factors explain. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increasing overarching vaccine hesitancy, heightened by the infodemic, can substantially reduce HPV vaccination rates, even after accessibility factors are controlled. Our results imply that the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be extended for many years to come through depressed HPV vaccination rates. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop interventions to increase HPV vaccination rates and to address vaccine hesitancy among mothers who feel emotionally challenged during the pandemic. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Long-term central venous catheters and infections in older adults with cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Allison Nicole Lipitz Snyderman ◽  
Kent Sepkowitz ◽  
Elena B. Elkin ◽  
Laura C. Pinheiro ◽  
Peter Bach
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Central Venous Catheters ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

125 Background: Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs) facilitate venous access to administer intravenous fluids and treatments such as chemotherapy. However, CVCs can also be a source of harmful bloodstream infections, a risk that may be underappreciated. Our objective was to assess the impact of long-term CVC use on the risk of infections in a population-based cohort of cancer patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis using the population-based SEER-Medicare dataset for patients over age 65, diagnosed from 2005 to 2007 with invasive colorectal cancer (n = 36,272), head and neck cancers (n = 8,459), lung cancer (n = 56,770), pancreatic cancer (n = 10,536), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 14,432), or invasive or non-invasive breast cancer (n = 42,271). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the impact of CVC use on infection risk, with CVC exposure treated as a time-varying predictor. We used multivariable analysis and propensity score methods to control for patient characteristics. Results: Adjusting for demographic and disease characteristics, long-term CVCs significantly increased the risk of infection by at least 40%, across all cancer types (Table). The greatest effect of CVCs on infection risk was in patients with breast cancer. Conclusions: Long-term CVC use is associated with an increased risk of infections for older adults with cancer. Careful assessment of the need for long-term CVCs, and targeted strategies to reduce infections for patients requiring their use, are critical to improving cancer care quality. [Table: see text]

Long-Term Survival of Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: The Impact and Selection of Repeat Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1848-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Yoh ◽  
Etsuro Hatano ◽  
Satoru Seo ◽  
Yukihiro Okuda ◽  
Hiroaki Fuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract WMP53: Sex Differences n Long-term Mortality and Disability After Stroke: The International Stroke Outcomes Study

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang T Phan ◽  
Mathew J Reeves ◽  
Leigh Blizzard ◽  
Amanda Thrift ◽  
Dominique Cadilhac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: It is uncertain why women suffer worse long-term outcomes after stroke than men. We examined sex differences in mortality and disability 1 and 5 years after stroke and identified factors contributing to these differences. Methods: Individual patient data pooling study of incident strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic) from 1987-2013 obtained from 12 population-based cohorts from Australasia, Europe, South America and the Caribbean. Data on socio-demographics, stroke-related factors and pre-stroke health were obtained for each patient and harmonized between studies. Poisson modelling estimated the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for women compared to men at 1 year (12 studies) and 5 years (7 studies) post-stroke. Log binomial regression estimated the relative risk (RR) of poor outcome (modified Rankin scale>2 or Barthel Index <20) for women compared to men at 1 year (9 studies) and 5 years (6 studies) after stroke. Multivariable models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, pre-stroke dependency, stroke severity and comorbidities. Results: A total of 16557 first-ever-stroke patients with follow-up data to 1 year and 12,839 with follow-up to 5 years were included. The pooled crude mortality was greater in women than men at 1-year (MRR 1.37 95% CI 1.27-1.48) and 5 years (MRR 1.25 95% CI 1.13-1.39). However, these sex differences were reversed after adjustment for confounders at both 1 year (MRR 0.94 95% CI 0.82-1.06) and 5-years post stroke (MRR 0.74 95% CI 0.66-0.84). Similarly, the pooled crude RR for disability after stroke was greater in women than men at 1-year (RR 1.28 95% CI 1.17-1.39 and 5-year (RR 1.32 95% CI 1.18-1.47), but these sex differences disappeared after adjustment at both 1 year (RR 1.08 95%CI 0.98-1.18) and 5-years post stroke (RR 1.08 95% CI 0.97-1.20). The key contributors to worse outcomes in women were greater age, pre-stroke dependency, severe strokes and atrial fibrillation (AF, mortality only) compared with men. Conclusion: Worse outcomes in women were mostly due to age and potentially modifiable factors of stroke severity and AF providing potential targets to reduce the impact of stroke in women.

scholarly journals Venous thromboembolism in the elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (05) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Gore ◽  
Darleen Lessard ◽  
Cathy Emery ◽  
Luigi Pacifico ◽  
George Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Recurrent Vte ◽  
The Impact

SummaryWhile the magnitude of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases dramatically with advancing age,relatively little is known about the contemporary management of VTE in the elderly and the impact of age on associated short- and long-term outcomes. The objectives of this population-based study were to compare the clinical characteristics,treatment practices,and outcomes of subjects ≥65 years with VTE to those of younger patients.The medical records of residents of the Worcester (MA, USA) metropolitan area with ICD-9 codes consistent with VTE during 1999, 2001, and 2003 were independently validated and reviewed by trained data abstractors. Information about patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, hospital management practices, and hospital and long-term outcomes was collected. There were a total of 1,897 validated events of VTE – 1,048 (55%) occurred in patients ≥65 years of age. Patients ≥65 years were less likely to have “unprovoked” VTE than younger patients.They were less likely to receive parenteral anticoagulation or warfarin as acute treatment. Rates of recurrent VTE did not differ significantly between patients 65 years of age or older compared to younger patients but the adjusted rates of major bleeding were increased approximately two-fold in older patients. In conclusion, advancing age is not a predictor of recurrent VTE but is associated with a significant increase in major bleeding episodes. Physicians treating elderly patients with VTE should continue to base their decisions on clinical characteristics previously shown to impact the risk of recurrent VTE. These decisions must be tempered by our observation that major bleeding occurs frequently in these patients.

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