scholarly journals Impact of lattice inclusion of Cu and Fe ions on thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium perchlorate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e1
Author(s):  
Savitha Nair ◽  
Suresh Mathew ◽  
Reghunadhan C.P. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Solid Rocket Propellant ◽  
Ballistic Properties ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fe Ions

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the universal oxidiser in use for all the solid rocket propellant motors used for space exploration due to its high available oxygen content and thermal decomposition without any solid residue. The inclusion of reactive species in AP directly affect the viscoelastic and ballistic properties of the propellant. Variations in lattice configuration of AP change its physical and thermal characteristics dramatically. In the present work AP was doped with Copper perchlorate and Iron perchlorate through co crystallisation. The impact of inclusion of these ionic species in the lattice on the thermal decomposition characteristics of AP was examined. The incorporation affected the physical as well as the ballistic characteristics of the resultant AP. The incorporation of foreign ions into AP crystals significantly changed the crystal morphology. The decomposition temperature decreased vis-a-vis with normal AP. The activation energy remarkably decreased for the doped AP crystals.

Facile Template Free Shape Controlled Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 Truncated Octahedral Microstructures for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayasree Haridas ◽  
Sankaran Sugunan ◽  
Binitha N. Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Solid Rocket

Background: The combustion behaviour of the solid rocket propellants is highly dependent on the thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and thus lowcost, facile and scalable preparation of the additive metal oxide based catalysts are highly desired for the AP decomposition. Objective: A template free one-step low-cost preparation of α-Fe2O3 for its use as a catalyst in the decomposition of AP. Methods: The catalyst is prepared by the simple heating of ferric chloride at 380 °C without any chemical treatment. The material is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The catalytic thermal decomposition of AP over α-Fe2O3 was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: The material exhibited pure α-Fe2O3 crystalline phase. Morphological investigations revealed the uniform formation of truncated octahedral microstructures of αFe2O3. DSC analysis confirmed the two step exothermic thermal decomposition of AP with decreased decomposition temperatures with the catalytic assistance of α-Fe2O3. Conclusions: With the catalytic assistance of present low-cost and easily prepared α-Fe2O3, the decomposition temperature is decreased by 30 ºC when compared to the pure ammonium perchlorate and a high decomposition heat release of 807 Jg-1 is observed.

scholarly journals The influence of VO2(B) nanobelts on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifu Zhang ◽  
Xianfang Tan ◽  
Changgong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric

Abstract The influence of vanadium dioxide VO2(B) on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) has not been reported before. In this contribution, the effect of VO2(B) nanobelts on the thermal decomposition of AP was investigated by the Thermo- Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). VO2(B) nanobelts were hydrothermally prepared using peroxovanadium (V) complexes, ethanol and water as starting materials. The thermal decomposition temperatures of AP in the presence of I wt.%, 3 wt.% and 6 wt.% of as-obtained VO2<B) nanobelts were reduced by 39 °C. 62 °C and 74 °C, respectively. The results indicated that VO2(B) nanobelts had a great influence on the thermal decomposition temperature of AP Furthermore, the influence of the corresponding V2Os, which was obtained by thermal treatment of VO2(B) nanobelts, on the thermal decomposition of AP was also investigated. The resufs showed that VO2(B) nanobelts had a greater influence on the thermal decomposition temperature of AP than that of V2Os.

Effect of Nano Cr2O3 in HTPB/AP/Al Based Composite Propellant Formulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Kshirsagar ◽  
Ramesh Kurva ◽  
Kashinath Dhabbe ◽  
Lalita Jawale ◽  
Sudhir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Composite Propellant ◽  
Ballistic Properties

<p>Different compositions have been prepared by incorporating nano sized chromium oxide from 0.25 % to 1 % in HTPB/AP/Al based composite propellant formulation having 86% of solid loading and studied its effect on viscosity build-up, thermal, mechanical and ballistic properties. The findings reveal that on increasing the percentage of nano Cr2O3 in the composition, there is an increase in end of mix viscosity, elastic modulus and tensile strength while elongation decreases accordingly. The data on thermal properties envisage the reduction in thermal decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate as well as formulations based on HTPB/AP/Al. The data on ballistic properties reveal that there is an enhancement in burning rate from 6.11 mm/s to 7.88 mm/s at 6.86 MPa, however, marginal increase in  pressure exponent (‘n’ values) from 0.35 to 0.53 with 1 wt % of nano Cr2O3 was observed  in comparison to reference composition without chromium oxide. </p><p> </p>

Preparation of Carbon-Coated Nano-Fe, Co Particles and their Effects on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Wei Liang Zhou ◽  
Fu Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Temperature Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Size And Morphology

Nano Metal/C (Metal=Fe, Co) composite materials, in which nano iron and cobalt particles were uniformly distributed in carbon matrix, was prepared by pyrolysis of M-exchanged cation exchange resin(M-PAA). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) results showed the particle size and morphology of nano iron and cobalt in M/C could be controlled by pyrolytic temperature. The particle size of Co and Fe in M/C obtained at 500 was respectively 15-40 nm and 10-35 nm. DTA was employed to test the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) in the M/C and AP mixture. Results indicated the decomposition temperature at high-temperature decomposition of AP was lowered with the addition of amount of M/C-500, and the high temperature decomposition peaks of AP respectively lowered as much as 145.2°Cand 68.3°C with adding amount of 5% of Co/C and Fe/C obtained at 500 . The high and low temperature decomposition peaks of AP overlapped with addition of Co/C.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Bio-Nanocomposites Consisting of Poly-L-lactic Acid and Self-Assembling Siloxane Nanoparticles with Three Phases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Iji ◽  
Naoki Morishita
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Breaking Strain ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Heat Distortion Temperature ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Three Phases

Biopolymer nanocomposites (bio-nanocomposite) consisting of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and siloxane nanoparticles with three phases, a high-density siloxane phase (plural cores), an elastomeric silicone phase, and a caprolactone oligomer phase, were developed to increase the mechanical properties of PLLA. The nanoparticles, average size of 13 nm, were self-assembled by aggregation and condensation of an organosiloxane with three units: isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane (IPTS), polymethylpropyloxysiloxane (PMPS), and a caprolactone oligomer (CLO), which form each phase. The bio-nanocomposite was produced using PLLA and the nanoparticles. Bending and tensile testing showed that the use of these nanoparticles (5 wt% in PLLA) greatly increases the tenacity (breaking strain) of PLLA while maintaining its relatively high breaking (maximum) strength. The elongation of the nanocomposite was more than twice that of PLLA while the elasticity modulus and breaking (maximum) strength were comparable to those of PLLA. The nanoparticles also increased the impact strength of PLLA. The use of the nanoparticles almost did not show adverse affect on the thermal resistance of PLLA. The nanocomposite’s heat resistance indicated by the glass transition temperature and heat distortion temperature was fairly kept. The decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite somewhat increased.

Synthesis of Rod-Like Porous MgFe2O4 Architectures as a Catalyst for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

NANO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run Chen ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Weiyang Bai ◽  
Shuang Bao ◽  
Zhiliang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Oxalate Precursor ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Composite Solid Propellant ◽  
Composite Solid

The development of highly active catalysts for the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of considerable importance for AP-based composite solid propellant. In the present study, we produced porous MgFe2O4 architectures by using a facile two-step strategy. A rod-like precursor of MgFe2(C2O[Formula: see text]O (diameter: 0.5–2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m; length: 2–15[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) was fabricated under solvothermal conditions using metal sulfates as raw materials and oxalic acid as the precipitant. Subsequently, porous MgFe2O4 architectures were obtained by the thermal treatment of the as-prepared oxalate precursor, during which the mesopores were formed in situ via the liberation of volatile gases, while the rod-like morphology was well preserved. The catalytic performances of the as-synthesized porous rod-like MgFe2O4 architectures with respect to the AP pyrolysis were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The results indicated that the high thermal decomposition temperature and the apparent activation energy of AP with 2[Formula: see text]wt.% MgFe2O4 addition decreased from 445.4[Formula: see text]C to 386.7[Formula: see text]C and from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kJ mol[Formula: see text], respectively. Meanwhile, the decomposition heat of AP with MgFe2O4 as the additive reached up to 1230.6[Formula: see text]J g[Formula: see text], which was considerably higher than that of its neat counterpart (695.8[Formula: see text]J g[Formula: see text]. Thus, porous rod-like MgFe2O4 architectures could be served as the catalyst for the AP pyrolysis.

Studies on the Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified with Novel Liquid Crystalline Polyurethane

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yi Huang ◽  
Shao Rong Lu ◽  
Zhi You Yang ◽  
Chun He Yu ◽  
Dong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unmodified Epoxy

Liquid crystal polyurethane (LCPBI) containing biphenylnate and imide units was synthesized and characterized and used to modify the conventional epoxy resin (E-51). Experimental results revealed that the impact strength of the epoxy resin modified with LCPBI was 2.5 times higher than that of unmodified epoxy resin, and the tensile strength as well as the bending strength was also improved. The thermal decomposition temperature of modified systems was also 15-20oC higher than that of the unmodified system, and the fracture structures of the blends was investigated by SEM.

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