scholarly journals Lack of guilt, shame, and remorse following weight stigma expression: a real-time assessment pilot study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10294
Author(s):  
Paige J. Trojanowski ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
Sonakshi Negi ◽  
Joseph Wonderlich ◽  
Sarah Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time Assessment

Objective Weight stigma is pervasive and is associated with negative health and psychological outcomes. Few studies have examined weight stigma perpetration or the emotions individuals experience after perpetrating weight stigma. This study used experience sampling to explore the nature and frequency of weight stigma behaviors and cognitions and moral emotions (shame, guilt, remorse, pride) in the perpetrator following weight stigma perpetration. Methods Participants were college students (N = 31, 77.1% female). Participants completed baseline measures of anti-fat attitudes and one week of experience sampling phone prompts assessing: (1) weight stigma behaviors and cognitions and (2) moral emotions. Generalized estimating equation analyses were used to model trajectories of moral emotions after weight stigma events. Results Thirty-one participants reported 1,008 weight stigma events over 7.5 days. Feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse decreased after weight stigma perpetration. Individuals also reported feeling less proud after engaging in weight stigma. Conclusions Weight stigma occurs frequently as reported by perpetrators. A lack of remorse, guilt, and shame is evident in undergraduates after they express weight stigma; however, individuals in this study also reported feeling less pride after perpetration. This study highlights the need for future studies to explore the expression of weight stigma from the perspective of perpetrators instead of targets. Results highlight the pervasiveness and normative nature of weight stigma perpetration in everyday life and the need to better understand the emotional response following weight stigma perpetration as a potential mechanism of its perpetuation.

scholarly journals Feasibility Pilot Study of a Teaching Kitchen and Self-Care Curriculum in a Workplace Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Eisenberg ◽  
Allison C. Righter ◽  
Benjamin Matthews ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Workplace Setting ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To examine the feasibility of a prototype Teaching Kitchen (TK) self-care intervention that offers the combination of culinary, nutrition, exercise, and mindfulness instruction with health coaching; and to describe research methods whereby the impact of TK models can be scientifically assessed. Design. Feasibility pilot study. Subjects were recruited, screened, and consented to participate in 14- or 16-week programs. Feasibility was assessed through ease of recruitment and attendance. One-sample t tests and generalized estimating equation models were used to compare differences in groups. Setting. Workplace. Subjects. Two cohorts of 20 employees and their partners. Results. All 40 participants completed the program with high attendance (89%) and response rates on repeated assessments. Multiple changes were observed in biomarkers and self-reported behaviors from baseline to postprogram including significant (  P < .05) decreases from baseline to postprogram in body weight (−2.8 kg), waist circumference (−2.2 in.), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−7.7 and −6.3 mm Hg, respectively), and total cholesterol (−7.5 mg/dL). While changes in all of the aforementioned biomarkers persisted over the 12-month follow-up (n = 32), only changes in waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure remained statistically different at 12 months. Conclusions. These study findings suggest that a TK curriculum is feasible within a workplace setting and that its impact on relevant behavioral and clinical outcomes can be scientifically assessed.

scholarly journals High-intensity cannabis use and hospitalization: a prospective cohort study of street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Reddon ◽  
M.-J. Milloy ◽  
Evan Wood ◽  
Ekaterina Nosova ◽  
Thomas Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background There is concern that cannabis use negatively affects vulnerable groups such as youth; however, the relationship between cannabis use and health care utilization has not been well characterized in this population. We longitudinally evaluated the association between daily cannabis use and hospitalization among a prospective cohort of street-involved youth. Methods Data were collected from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS) in Vancouver, Canada, from September 2005 to May 2015. Participants were interviewed semi-annually and multivariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between daily cannabis use and hospitalization. Results A total of 1216 participants (31.2% female) were included in this analysis, and 373 (30.7%) individuals reported hospitalization at some point during the study period. In a multivariable GEE analysis, daily cannabis use was not significantly associated with hospitalization (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.17, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = 0.84, 1.65). We did observe a significant interaction between daily cannabis use and sex (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.77), whereby cannabis use was associated with a decreased odds of hospitalization among males (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.47, 0.78), yet was not significantly associated with hospitalization among females (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.84, 1.67). Conclusions The finding that daily cannabis use was not associated with hospitalization among street-involved youth is encouraging given the high rates of cannabis use in this population and the expansion of cannabis legalization and regulation. Future studies, however, are warranted to monitor possible changes in the consequences of cannabis use as cannabis legalization and regulation increase internationally.

Acceptability of Assisted Suicide in Patients With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sophie Gloeckler ◽  
Manuel Trachsel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Abstract. In Switzerland, assisted suicide (AS) may be granted on the basis of a psychiatric diagnosis. This pilot study explored the moral attitudes and beliefs of nurses regarding these practices through a quantitative survey of 38 psychiatric nurses. The pilot study, which serves to inform hypothesis development and future studies, showed that participating nurses supported AS and valued the reduction of suffering in patients with severe persistent mental illness. Findings were compared with those from a previously published study presenting the same questions to psychiatrists. The key differences between nurses’ responses and psychiatrists’ may reflect differences in the burden of responsibility, while similarities might capture shared values worth considering when determining treatment efforts. More information is needed to determine whether these initial findings represent nurses’ views more broadly.

Acute diet soda consumption alters brain responses to food cues in humans: A randomized, controlled, cross-over pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602199375
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Farr
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Diet Soda ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Carbonated Water ◽  
Soda Consumption ◽  
Visual Food Cues

Background: Diet soda consumption has frequently been linked to obesity and its comorbidities in epidemiological studies. Whether this link is causal and a potential mechanism remains to be determined. Aim/Methods: This randomized, cross-over, controlled pilot study sought to determine whether there may be changes in reward-related brain activations to visual food cues after acute consumption of diet soda versus regular soda or carbonated water using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Diet soda as compared to carbonated water consumption increased activation of reward-related caudate to highly versus less desirable food cues. Diet soda as compared to regular soda increased reward-related insula and decreased activation of cognitive control-related dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to food cues versus non-food cues. No changes in ratings of hunger an hour after beverage consumption were observed. Conclusions: These results may suggest a potential mechanism for diet soda to increase food palatability through activation of the reward system and suppression of inhibitory control that remains to be confirmed by future studies.

Models for Longitudinal Data: A Generalized Estimating Equation Approach

Biometrics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Zeger ◽  
Kung-Yee Liang ◽  
Paul S. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Equation Approach ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Evidence from young children regarding emotional responses to music

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven John Holochwost ◽  
Carroll E. Izard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research

AbstractJuslin & Västfjäll (J&V) propose a theoretical framework of how music may evoke an emotional response. This commentary presents results from a pilot study that employed young children as participants, and measured musically induced emotions through facial expressions. Preliminary findings support certain aspects of the proposed theoretical framework. The implications of these findings on future research employing the proposed framework are discussed.

Remittances and the Financing of Terrorism In Sub-Saharan Africa: 1974 - 2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet U. Elu ◽  
Gregory N. Price
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Financing Of Terrorism

AbstractRemittances have been recognized as an important determinant of economic growth for Sub-Saharan African economies as they can finance other determinants that constitute drivers of growth. To the extent that remittances finance terrorism, they can also inhibit economic growth as terrorism can constrain important drivers of growth such as investment and consumption expenditures. In this paper, we appeal to a theory of rational terrorism and consider whether remittances to Sub-Saharan Africa finance terrorism. We estimate the parameters of a static and dynamic terrorism incident supply function with maximum likelihood and Generalized Estimating Equation count data estimators for Sub-Saharan Africa between 1974 and 2006. Our parameter estimates suggest that for Sub-Saharan Africa, remittances are a source of finance for terrorism. We find that approximately one terrorism incident is financed in Sub-Saharan Africa for remittance inflows that range between approximately one quarter of a million dollars and one million dollars.

Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity and Mechanics During Walking With and Without Unilateral Weight

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kerri A. Graber ◽  
Kari L. Loverro ◽  
Mark Baldwin ◽  
Erika Nelson-Wong ◽  
Joshua Tanor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Hip Abductor

Pelvic drop is caused by decreased hip abductor muscle activity and is associated with lower-extremity injury. Hip abductor strengthening exercises are well established; however, no standard method exists to increase hip abductor activity during functional activities. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of walking with a unilateral weight. A total of 26 healthy adults walked on an instrumented treadmill with and without handheld weight (15%–20% body weight). Muscle activity, kinematic, and kinetic data were collected using surface electromyography, motion capture, and force plates, respectively. Average hip and trunk muscle activity, hip, pelvic, and trunk angles, and peak internal hip moments during stance were compared for each side (contralateral/ipsilateral to the weight) between conditions (unweighted/weighted) using a generalized linear model with generalized estimating equation correction. Interactions between condition and side were observed for muscle activity, frontal plane pelvic and trunk angles, and frontal plane hip moments (P ≤ .003). Compared with the unweighted condition, the weighted condition had higher hip abductor activity contralateral to the weight (P < .001), while no change was found ipsilateral to the weight (P ≥ .790). Similar changes were found for kinematic and kinetic variables. Walking with a unilateral weight may be a therapeutic option to increase functional hip abductor activity.

The relationship between remission and health-related quality of life in a cohort of SLE patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel W P Tsang-A-Sjoe ◽  
Irene E M Bultink ◽  
Maaike Heslinga ◽  
Lilian H van Tuyl ◽  
Ronald F van Vollenhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between remission and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with SLE in a longitudinal observational cohort. Methods HRQoL was measured at cohort visits using the physical and mental component score (PCS and MCS, respectively) of the Short Form 36 questionnaire. Definitions of Remission in SLE remission categories (no remission/remission on therapy/remission off therapy) were applied. Determinants of PCS and MCS were identified with simple linear regression analyses. Association between remission and HRQoL was assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Results Data from 154 patients with 2 years of follow-up were analysed. At baseline 60/154 (39.0%) patients were in either form of remission. Patients in remission had higher Short Form 36 scores in all subdomains compared with patients not in remission. PCS was positively associated with remission and employment, and negatively associated with SLICC damage index, ESR, medication, patient global assessment and BMI. MCS was positively associated with Caucasian ethnicity and negatively associated with patient global assessment. In generalized estimating equation analysis, a gradual and significant increase of PCS was observed from patients not in remission (mean PCS 36.0) to remission on therapy (41.8) to remission off therapy (44.8). No significant difference in MCS was found between remission states. Conclusion we show a strong and persistent association between remission and PCS, but not MCS. These results support the relevance (construct validity) of the Definition of Remission in SLE remission definitions and the further development of a treat-to-target approach in SLE.

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