Evidence from young children regarding emotional responses to music

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven John Holochwost ◽  
Carroll E. Izard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research

AbstractJuslin & Västfjäll (J&V) propose a theoretical framework of how music may evoke an emotional response. This commentary presents results from a pilot study that employed young children as participants, and measured musically induced emotions through facial expressions. Preliminary findings support certain aspects of the proposed theoretical framework. The implications of these findings on future research employing the proposed framework are discussed.

scholarly journals Who gets hooked on Facebook? An exploratory typology of problematic Facebook users

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracii Ryan ◽  
John Reece ◽  
Andrea Chester ◽  
Sophia Xenos
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Social Monitoring ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
High Engagement

Scholars have suggested that there are multiple pathways to problematic Facebook use, and each are linked to the types of activities that users engage in. However, these concepts have yet to be empirically explored. The present paper addresses this gap in the literature by presenting a pilot study based on a sample of 59 (50 females, 9 males) problematic Facebook users. Closed and open-ended data were collected using an online survey. Cluster analysis was then used to identify three types of problematic Facebook users: those with high engagement in social activities and browsing, those with low engagement in social activities but high engagement in browsing, and those with low engagement in both social activities and browsing, but moderate engagement in gaming. This paper presents an in depth discussion of the patterns of behavior identified within these clusters. In addition, four potential pathways to problematic Facebook use are proposed: online social enhancement, social monitoring, procrastination, and entertainment. This study contributes to the development of a much-needed theoretical framework of problematic Facebook use, and provides direction for future research.

scholarly journals HOW DESIGN PROPOSALS ARE EVALUATED - A PILOT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1715-1724
Author(s):  
Michael Deininger ◽  
Claus Thorp Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Potential Customers

AbstractIn addition to being functional and well-engineered, successful products in today's market are also desirable and appealing to customers. A decision to purchase a product or not is often influenced not only by facts, but also by emotions. Qualities like desirability and appeal that trigger an emotional response can be challenging to satisfy. These qualities can be difficult to quantify and measure and do not easily translate into requirements and specifications. Therefore, understanding the emotional responses of potential customers to product proposals would allow designers to adapt their design strategies. In this study, participants were invited to review a range of design proposals and asked to rank order them relative to one another. The participants were asked to record their comments while discussing their ranking. The findings show that study participants often made decisions about how good or bad they thought a design proposal was without providing rationale to support their rankings. In some cases the rankings were aligned with the comments, but sometimes they were in conflict. More work is needed to further explore the decision-making process and the criteria used when reviewing design proposals.

Influence of the Interests of Children with Autism on Everyday Learning Opportunities

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Dunst ◽  
Carol M. Trivette ◽  
Tracy Masiello
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Everyday Learning ◽  
Child Learning

Findings from a pilot study investigating the influence of the interests of young children with autism on parents' provision of everyday informal child learning opportunities are described. 17 children (13 boys, 4 girls) were divided into two groups that received everyday learning opportunities of Low interest and High interest, based on parents' bi-weekly ratings of the interestingness of the opportunities to the children, using an investigator-developed measure. A brief intervention of 12 to 14 weeks showed that the children in the High interest-based group were provided more learning opportunities than were the Low interest-based group, and that the parents indicated that their children benefited more from the learning opportunities. Implications for future research are described.

scholarly journals Reward Responsiveness, Optimism, and Social and Mental Functioning in Children Aged 6-7: Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Vrijen ◽  
Mégane A. M. Ackermans ◽  
Anna Bosma ◽  
Tina Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: There is evidence that reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in adolescence and adulthood, but it is unknown if this is also the case for young children. Part of the reason for this gap in the literature is that the instruments that are used to assess reward responsiveness and optimism in adolescents and adults are usually not suitable for young children. Objective: Two behavioural tasks to assess reward learning, a questionnaire on reward responsiveness, and a questionnaire on optimism/pessimism will be tested on their feasibility and reliability in children aged 6-7 years. Depending on their feasibility and reliability, these instruments will also be used to investigate if reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in young children. Methods: For the present pilot study, we adapted a number of tasks and questionnaires to the needs of 6-7-year-old children, by simplification of items, oral rather than written assessment, and reducing the number of conditions and items. We will approach teachers and, with their help, aim to include 70 children aged of 6-7 years to assess the feasibility and reliability of the tasks and questionnaires. Feasibility measures that will be reported are: the proportion of children completing the task/questionnaire, the proportion of children that were able to explain the instructions in their own words to the researcher, and the proportion of children that correctly answered the control questions. The reliability of the scales will be assessed by computing Cronbach's alphas and item-total score correlations and the reliability of the tasks by correlations between different consecutive blocks of trials. Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences. Results: Data collection was originally planned in March and April 2020, but has been postponed due to Corona virus regulations. We expect to collect the data in the first half of 2021. The findings will be disseminated in preprints and peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions: The development of feasible and reliable instruments for assessing reward responsiveness and optimism in young children is expected to benefit future research on underlying mechanisms of mental and social functioning in young children. If the instruments assessed in the present study are usable with young children, it would be particularly interesting to include them in cohort studies because this would enable investigating not only concurrent associations, but also prospective associations between reward responsiveness and optimism early in life and mental and social functioning later in life. If, as we hypothesize, reward responsiveness and optimism are not only associated with (prospective) mental and social functioning in adults and adolescents but also in young children, this could provide a way of identifying vulnerable children already at an early stage.

scholarly journals Reward Responsiveness, Optimism, and Social and Mental Functioning in Children Aged 6-7: Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Vrijen ◽  
Mégane Alice Ackermans ◽  
Anna Bosma ◽  
Tina Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

BACKGROUND There is evidence that reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in adolescence and adulthood, but it is unknown if this is also the case for young children. Part of the reason for this gap in the literature is that the instruments that are used to assess reward responsiveness and optimism in adolescents and adults are usually not suitable for young children. OBJECTIVE Two behavioral tasks to assess reward learning, a questionnaire on reward responsiveness, and a questionnaire on optimism/pessimism will be tested on their feasibility and reliability in children aged 6-7. Depending on their feasibility and reliability, these instruments will also be used to investigate if reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in young children. METHODS For this cross-sectional pilot study, we adapted a number of tasks and questionnaires to the needs of 6-7-year-old children, by simplification of items, oral rather than written assessment, and reducing the number of conditions and items. We will approach teachers and, with their help, aim to include 70 children aged 6-7 to assess the feasibility and reliability of the tasks and questionnaires. Feasibility measures that will be reported are the proportion of children completing the task/questionnaire, the proportion of children that were able to explain the instructions in their own words to the researcher, and the proportion of children that correctly answered the control questions. The reliability of the scales will be assessed by computing Cronbach α and item-total score correlations and the reliability of the tasks by correlations between different consecutive blocks of trials. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences. RESULTS Data collection was originally planned in March and April 2020, but has been postponed due to Corona virus regulations. We expect to collect the data in the first half of 2021. The findings will be disseminated in preprints and peer-reviewed publications. CONCLUSIONS The development of feasible and reliable instruments for assessing reward responsiveness and optimism in young children is expected to benefit future research on underlying mechanisms of mental and social functioning in young children. If the instruments assessed in this study are usable with young children, it would be particularly interesting to include them in cohort studies because this would enable investigating not only concurrent associations, but also prospective associations between reward responsiveness and optimism early in life and mental and social functioning later in life. If, as we hypothesize, reward responsiveness and optimism are not only associated with (prospective) mental and social functioning in adults and adolescents but also in young children, this could provide a way of identifying vulnerable children already at an early stage. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/18902

scholarly journals Reward Responsiveness, Optimism, and Social and Mental Functioning in Children Aged 6-7: Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

10.2196/18902 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e18902
Author(s):  
Charlotte Vrijen ◽  
Mégane Alice Ackermans ◽  
Anna Bosma ◽  
Tina Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background There is evidence that reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in adolescence and adulthood, but it is unknown if this is also the case for young children. Part of the reason for this gap in the literature is that the instruments that are used to assess reward responsiveness and optimism in adolescents and adults are usually not suitable for young children. Objective Two behavioral tasks to assess reward learning, a questionnaire on reward responsiveness, and a questionnaire on optimism/pessimism will be tested on their feasibility and reliability in children aged 6-7. Depending on their feasibility and reliability, these instruments will also be used to investigate if reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in young children. Methods For this cross-sectional pilot study, we adapted a number of tasks and questionnaires to the needs of 6-7-year-old children, by simplification of items, oral rather than written assessment, and reducing the number of conditions and items. We will approach teachers and, with their help, aim to include 70 children aged 6-7 to assess the feasibility and reliability of the tasks and questionnaires. Feasibility measures that will be reported are the proportion of children completing the task/questionnaire, the proportion of children that were able to explain the instructions in their own words to the researcher, and the proportion of children that correctly answered the control questions. The reliability of the scales will be assessed by computing Cronbach α and item-total score correlations and the reliability of the tasks by correlations between different consecutive blocks of trials. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences. Results Data collection was originally planned in March and April 2020, but has been postponed due to Corona virus regulations. We expect to collect the data in the first half of 2021. The findings will be disseminated in preprints and peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions The development of feasible and reliable instruments for assessing reward responsiveness and optimism in young children is expected to benefit future research on underlying mechanisms of mental and social functioning in young children. If the instruments assessed in this study are usable with young children, it would be particularly interesting to include them in cohort studies because this would enable investigating not only concurrent associations, but also prospective associations between reward responsiveness and optimism early in life and mental and social functioning later in life. If, as we hypothesize, reward responsiveness and optimism are not only associated with (prospective) mental and social functioning in adults and adolescents but also in young children, this could provide a way of identifying vulnerable children already at an early stage. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18902

scholarly journals Deep Affect: Using objects, scenes and facial expressions in a deep neural network to predict arousal and valence values of images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Image Features ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arousal And Valence

Images are extremely effective at eliciting emotional responses in observers and have been frequently used to investigate the neural correlates of emotion. However, the image features producing this emotional response remain unclear. This study sought to use biologically inspired computational models of the brain to test the hypothesis that these emotional responses can be attributed to the estimation of arousal and valence of objects, scenes and facial expressions in the images. Convolutional neural networks were used to extract all, or various combinations, of high-level image features related to objects, scenes and facial expressions. Subsequent deep feedforward neural networks predicted the images’ arousal and valence value. The model was provided with thousands of pre-annotated images to learn the relationship between the high-level features and the images arousal and valence values. The relationship between arousal and valence was assessed by comparing models that either learnt the constructs separately or together. The results confirmed the effectiveness of using the features to predict human emotion alongside their ability to augment each other. When utilising the object, scene and facial expression information together, the model classified arousal and valence to accuracies of 88% and 87% respectively. The effectiveness of our deep neural network of emotion perception strongly suggests that these same high-level features play a critical component in producing humans’ emotional response. Moreover, performance increased across all models when arousal and valence were learnt together, suggesting a dependent relationship between these affective dimensions. These results open up numerous avenues for future work, whilst also bridging the gap between affective Neuroscience and Computer Vision.

A Pilot Study of Mobile Telephone Message Interventions with Suicide Attempters in China

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Brian L. Mishara ◽  
Xiao Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
To Receive

Background: In China, where follow-up with hospitalized attempters is generally lacking, there is a great need for inexpensive and effective means of maintaining contact and decreasing recidivism. Aims: Our objective was to test whether mobile telephone message contacts after discharge would be feasible and acceptable to suicide attempters in China. Methods: Fifteen participants were recruited from suicide attempters seen in the Emergency Department in Wuhan, China, to participate in a pilot study to receive mobile telephone messages after discharge. All participants have access to a mobile telephone, and there is no charge for the user to receive text messages. Results: Most participants (12) considered the text message contacts an acceptable and useful form of help and would like to continue to receive them for a longer period of time. Conclusions: This suggests that, as a low-cost and quick method of intervention in areas where more intensive follow-up is not practical or available, telephone messages contacts are accessible, feasible, and acceptable to suicide attempters. We hope that this will inspire future research on regular and long-term message interventions to prevent recidivism in suicide attempters.

Suicide after Deployment in UN Peacekeeping Missions—A Danish Pilot Study

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hansen-Schwartz ◽  
G. Jessen ◽  
K. Andersen ◽  
H.O. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Summary: This pilot study looks at the frequency of suicide among Danish soldiers who took part in the UN mandated forces (UNMF) during the 1990's. In a contingent of nearly 4000 Danish UN soldiers four suicides were documented, two of whom committed suicide less than one month before deployment and two who committed suicide within a year after discharge from mission. Contributing factors, prevention strategies, and implications for future research are discussed.

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