scholarly journals Flower, fruit phenology and flower traits inCordia boissieri(Boraginaceae) from northeastern Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Adrian Martínez-Adriano ◽  
Enrique Jurado ◽  
Joel Flores ◽  
Humberto González-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nectar Guide ◽  
Corolla Diameter

We characterized variations inCordia boissieriflowers and established if these variations occur between plants or between flowering events. Flowering and fruiting was measured for 256 plants. A GLM test was used to determine the relationship between flowering and fruit set processes and rainfall. We performed measurements of floral traits to detect variations within the population and between flowering events. The position of the anthers with respect to the ovary was determined in 1,500 flowers. Three out of four flowering events of >80%C. boissieriplants occurred after rainfall events. Only one flowering event occurred in a drought. Most plants flowered at least twice a year. The overlapping of flowering and fruiting only occurred after rainfall. Anthesis lasted three-to-five days, and there were two flower morphs. Half of the plants had longistylus and half had brevistylus flowers. Anacahuita flower in our study had 1–4 styles; 2–9 stamens; 6.5–41.5 mm long corolla; sepals from 4.5–29.5 mm in length; a total length from 15.5–59 mm; a corolla diameter from 10.5–77 mm. The nectar guide had a diameter from 5–30.5 mm; 4–9 lobes; and 5 distinguishable nectar guide colors. The highest variation of phenotypic expression was observed between plants.

scholarly journals Assessment of Rainfall-Induced Landslide Distribution Based on Land Disturbance in Southern Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Tseng ◽  
Yie-Ruey Chen ◽  
Chwen-Ming Chang ◽  
Yung-Sheng Chue ◽  
Shun-Chieh Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Image ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Land Disturbance ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Landslide Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the impact of rainfall on the followed-up landslides after a severe typhoon and the relationship between various rainfall events and the occurrence, scale, and regional characteristics of the landslides, including second landslides. Moreover, the influence of land disturbance was evaluated. The genetic adaptive neural network was used in combination with the texture analysis of the geographic information system for satellite image classification and interpretation to analyze land-use change and retrieve disaster records and surface information after five rainfall events from Typhoon Morakot (2009) to Typhoon Nanmadol (2011). The results revealed that except for extreme Morakot rains, the greater the degree of slope disturbance after rain, the larger the exposed slope. Extreme rainfall similar to Morakot strikes may have a greater impact on the bare land area than on slope disturbance. Moreover, the relationship between the bare land area and the index of land disturbance condition (ILDC) is positive, and the ratio of the bare land area to the quantity of bare land after each rainfall increases with the ILDC. With higher effective accumulative rainfall on the slope in the study area or greater slope disturbance, the landslide area at the second landslide point tended to increase.

scholarly journals Fin Length and Total Length Relationships of Silky Shark Carcharhinus falciformis Landed at Tanjung Luar Fish Landing Port, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Selvia Oktaviyani ◽  
Wanwan Kurniawan ◽  
Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Silky Shark ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fin Length

Shark fins are a very valuable product for international trade. This study aims to obtain the equations describing the relationship between fin length and the total length of silky shark. Using the total length at sexual maturity (Lm), the equation is then used to estimate the fin length associated with this Lm, which can then be included in the recommendation for international shark fin trades. Data collection was carried out from March 2018 to February 2019 at Tanjung Luar Fish Landing Port, West Nusa Tenggara. All data were collected from 2,837 individuals of silky sharks, consisting of 1,416 females and 1,421 males. The total length of silky shark ranges from 61 to 282 cm for females and 18-283 cm for males. The relationships of first dorsal fin length and total length is DFL=2.0151+0.1243 TL (both sexes). Furthermore, the relationships of pectoral fin length and total length were found to be PFL=-8.0098+0.2127 TL (both sexes). The first dorsal fin length and pectoral fin length at the time the silky shark sexually matures were 23 cm and 35 cm, respectively. This fin-total length relationship can be used by the fisheries authority to determine the allowed minimum size of silky shark fins for export.

Vertebrate pollination of the endemic Trochetia granulata (Malvaceae) on Réunion

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Le Péchon ◽  
Mickaël Sanchez ◽  
Laurence Humeau ◽  
Luc D.B. Gigord ◽  
Li-Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Pollen Vector

Abstract:The pollination ecology and breeding system of Trochetia granulata (Malvaceae), an endemic tree species from Réunion were studied. In 2010–2011, compatibility studies were conducted on a total of 154 flowers from 35 different individuals using three different hand pollination treatments: (a) autofertility, (b) self-pollination and (c) cross-pollination. During the period, we also studied the pollination ecology of T. granulata. During 48 h of video recordings, we tracked flower visits to T. granulata in six different sites and studied the behaviour of the visitors. The results from the hand-cross experiments show that T. granulata is self-compatible (60.8% fruit set) but cannot produce fruit (5.4% fruit set) without the visit of a pollen vector. During surveys, four different visitors were reported: the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera), two endemic species of white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus borbonicus and Z. olivaceus) and the endemic Réunion day gecko (Phelsuma borbonica). This study documented a new case of vertebrate-pollination by lizard and birds in an insular context. These interactions might be linked to several uncommon floral traits of Trochetia species.

Analyse de l'étalement temporel de la floraison et influence sur la variabilité intra-arbre de la chute et de la croissance précoce des pêches

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Lescourret ◽  
O. Inizan ◽  
M. Génard
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Relationship

This study attempted to explain peach abscission and early growth variabilities. We assumed that flower anthesis variability was indicative of early competition for carbohydrates, presumedly determinant for fruit set and early growth. From this viewpoint, the fruits resulting from early flowers should be advantaged. In a first step, we described and analysed the pattern of flowering dates within peach trees. In a second step, we studied the relationship between this pattern and the variability of fruit abscission and growth. At the tree level, the flowers started opening from the base towards the top, but at the shoot level the flowers opened from the apex down to the base. Single flowers opened 1 d earlier than associated flowers, which opened independently. However, the relationships between either fruit set or growth and date of flowering did not fit our hypothesis. For example, fruits from the late flowers had the best set. Thus, the initial hypothesis should be rejected while the influence of other factors should be considered. Our observations suggest that post-bloom temperatures could affect fruit set and early growth. Key words: Peach, Prunus persica, flowering, fruit abscission, fruit growth, early stage of development

Discussion about initial runoff and volume capture ratio of annual rainfall

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1764-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Wu Che ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Capture Ratio ◽  
Design Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Runoff Pollution Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Runoff Pollution

In recent years, runoff pollution from urban areas has become a major concern all over the world. But there exists a worldwide confusion about how much stormwater should be captured for the purpose of runoff pollution control. Furthermore, the construction cost and pollution control efficiency are closely linked with the size of stormwater facilities, which is then related to the first flush (FF) phenomenon and volume capture ratio of annual rainfall (VCRa). Based on this background, analysis of the random and changeable characteristics of the occurrence of FF was carried out first, which was proved to vary with catchment characteristics and pollutant types. Secondly, the distribution of design rainfall depth toward 85% VCRa in China and its causes have been analyzed. Thirdly, the relationship between initial runoff and VCRa has been studied at both conceptual and numerical levels, and the change rule of VCRa along with design rainfall depth in different regions has been studied. The limitation of initial runoff has been illustrated from the perspective of runoff characteristics of single rainfall events in the first part, and from the perspective of regional differences in the two subsequent parts.

Balanced X; 22 Translocation in a Patient with Premature Ovarian Failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Banerjee ◽  
A. Kriplani ◽  
D. Takkar ◽  
K. Kucheria
Keyword(s):  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Autosome Translocation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA case of balanced X; autosome translocation 46, X, t (X; 22) (q 24; q 13) in a 25-year-old female with secondary amenorrhea and premature ovarian failure (POF) is described. The relationship between balanced X; autosome translocation [t (X; A)] and varied phenotypic expression observed in these women is discussed. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of these women in order to give them the best chance of conception in their oligohypomenorrhic phase before complete loss of gonadal function.

A hybrid between a resistant and a susceptible strain of mouse alters the pattern of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced white matter disease and favors oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Dal Canto ◽  
RW Melvold ◽  
BS Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Theiler’S Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Myelin Injury

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) produces a chronic disease in its natural host, the mouse, characterised by primary inflammatory demyelination of the spinal cord. This viral infection is considered a very good model for human MS because the pathogenesis of myelin injury is mediated through the host immune response. Susceptibility and/or resistance to the demyelinating disease depend on multiple genes both in and outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The pathological lesions in animals with different degrees of susceptibility vary in both their severity and in their ability to become remyelinated. In general, animals with intermediate levels of susceptibility show the best potential for remyelination. Most crosses of susceptible animals with resistant strains carrying the H-2b haplotype are resistant with only a couple of exceptions. One such exception is the (SJL/J × C57L/J)Fl hybrid, which is susceptible to the disease. To study whether the resistant genotype of C57L/J mice could modify the phenotypic expression of pathological lesions characteristic of the highly susceptible SJL/J mouse, we performed a light microscopical and ultrastructural study of the spinal cord of both parental strains and their Flprogeny. We focused particularly on the relationship between severity of inflammation, and especially macrophage infiltration, and the subsequent remyelinating potential of lesions. The results show a dramatic difference between the ability to remyelinate lesions by infected SJL/J mice vs similarly infected (SJL/L × C57L/J)Fl hybrids, and suggest an important influence by resistant genes in modulating the phenotypic expression of disease, including the ability to stimulate oligodendroglia-mediated remyelination.

Abnormal and Unusual Inflorescences of Taro, Colocasia esculenta (Araceae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ivancic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Flowering Ability

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) breeding success depends strongly on hybridisation. The main problem in artificial hybridisation of taro is the irregularity of flowering and the occurrence of abnormal floral structures. Abnormal inflorescences appear continually in cultivated and wild taro populations in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Their frequency and phenotypic expression are strongly influenced by the environment and cannot always be distinguished from unusual types which are influenced less or not at all by the environment. The frequency of abnormal inflorescences increases with the application of flower-inducing hormones which are frequently used in breeding programs. Abnormal and unusual inflorescences are classified into 16 groups. Several types can be efficiently used in hybridisation. Some of the genotypes characterised by unusual or abnormal floral traits represent a potential genetic source for future improvement of taro. They may be used as genetic markers, as the source of the genetic variation for ornamental characteristics or for the improvement of flowering ability.

scholarly journals Lengths at maturity and conversion factors for skates (Rajidae) around the British Isles, with an analysis of data in the literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophy R. McCully ◽  
Finlay Scott ◽  
Jim R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract McCully, S. R., Scott, F., and Ellis, J. R. 2012. Lengths at maturity and conversion factors for skates (Rajidae) around the British Isles, with an analysis of data in the literature. –ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1812–1822. Biological data on skates (Rajidae) from around the British Isles were collected between 1992 and 2010. The relationship between total length and weight for nine species (Amblyraja radiata, Dipturus batis-complex, Leucoraja fullonica, L. naevus, Raja brachyura, R. clavata, R. microocellata, R. montagui, and R. undulata) are provided for each sex and ICES ecoregion (when significantly different). Conversion factors for disc width to total length are provided. The lengths at first maturity and of the largest immature skates are reported for each sex, and the lengths at 50% maturity are estimated. Spatial differences in the length at maturity of R. clavata (females only) and L. naevus (both sexes) were observed. The lengths at maturity are discussed in relation to the results of earlier studies, and methodological differences are considered to have influenced reputed decreases in the length at maturity. A more standardized approach to collecting and reporting maturity information is required if potential spatial differences and temporal changes are to be investigated.

A suitable methodology for assessing impacts of successive rainfalls infiltration on road slope stability

2013 ◽  
Vol 184 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Hugues Georges Rameau ◽  
Claude Prepetit ◽  
Jean-Claude Verbrugge
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Apparent Cohesion ◽  
National Road ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Water precipitation in road slopes, pavements, and shoulders may cause disturbances such as erosion, increase of the water table level, decrease of the carriageway bearing capacity, and so on. Roads are normally equiped with drainage systems that are sized and implemented in accordance with the rules of art. These equipments are used for the collection and quick evacuation of water precipitation estimated on the basis of the return period that is taken into account. Despite that, rainwater can still infiltrate unprotected cut or fill slopes, and pavements for repeated and intense rainfalls, which may cause a raise in pore-water pressure and a decrease of the factor of safety of road slopes. Using laboratory rainfall simulation techniques, infiltration measurements were made on intact samples to determine with respect to soil properties, how cumulative rainfalls cause decrease in apparent cohesion and lead to slope failure. This paper focuses on describing the relationship between the rainfall characteristics, the changes in soil water profile, and the changes in apparent cohesion for sandy clay samples collected on the national road RN3 located in Haiti. For a set of consecutive rainfall events at around an interval of 24 hours, the results prove that when wetting front depth approaches 2 meters or more, the risk of landslide is proportionally high in a soil with apparent cohesion (Ca) initially high and an effective cohesion (c′) relatively low.

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