scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of insecticide trunk injections for control ofLatoia lepida(Cramer) in the sweet olive treeOsmanthus fragrans

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Huang ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiao-Hua Shi
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Injection Technology ◽  
Nettle Caterpillar ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The screening of suitable insecticides is a key factor in successfully applying trunk injection technology to ornamental plants. In this study, six chemical pesticides were selected and injected into the trunks ofOsmanthus fragransto control the nettle caterpillar,Latoia lepida(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), using a no-pressure injection system. The absorption rate of the insecticides, the leaf loss due to insect damage, and the mortality and frass amount ofL. lepidalarvae were evaluated after 77 and 429 days. The results showed that 4% imidacloprid + carbosulfan and 21% abamectin + imidacloprid + omethoate had the fastest conductivity and were completely absorbed into the trunkswithin14 days; however, the efficiencies of these insecticides in controllingL. lepidawere extremely low. Additionally, the treatment 10% emamectin benzoate + clothianidin and 2.5% emamectin benzoate was almost completely absorbed within 30 days and exhibited a longer duration of insecticide efficiency (>80% mortality) in the upper and lower leaves of the canopy. Treatment with these insecticides also resulted in significantly lower leaf loss and frass amounts. We conclude that emamectin benzoate and emamectin benzoate + clothianidin have a rapid uptake intoO. fragrans, and are effective as insecticides over long durations. Hence, they may be a suitable control option forL. lepidainO. fragransplants.

The Application of Fault Injection Using Circuit Simulation in Testability Verification

2013 ◽  
Vol 347-350 ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Yuan Wei Yin ◽  
Chao Xuan Shang ◽  
Yan Heng Ma ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Injection Technology ◽  
And Function

The fault injection technology is an important aspect in testability verification, because the actual fault injection in equipment can damage itself, so using circuit simulation fault injection method to instead. Research on the simulation method that based on PSPICE, using VC++ software to design a simulated fault injection system, its structure and function to achieve workflow introduced. Finally, taking a circuit for example uses the system to fault injection and analysis to prove the availability and correctness of the system.

Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Trunk Injection Against the Asian Long-Horned Beetle [Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)]

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hong Wang ◽  
Shao-Chen Che ◽  
Lan-Fen Qiu ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Jin-Li Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Anoplophora Glabripennis ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Fall Application

Abstract The efficacy of tree injected with emamectin benzoate (EB) against the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) was tested in a heavily infested willow forest in Beijing, China. In a 1.7-ha plot, 240 out of 310 trees were treated with two EB formulations at various rates. After fall application, the larval population decreased by 89% in the following spring and by >99% during the second year detected by monitoring new frass emission from marked holes. Consequently, the number of exit holes of emerging adults decreased to 0 in the second year. Re-infestation occurred in the third year after application. This high efficacy and lasting activity might be contributed to: a) a favorable translocation of EB in trees when injected into the sapwood; b) the high intrinsic activity against ALB larvae with LC50 of 20–30 ppb; and c) a reduced lifespan of ALB adults by over 60% when feeding on twigs of EB-treated trees. On untreated control trees, the larval population decreased during the first winter. In the second year after application, the larval population was wiped out during winter and a re-infestation started from border trees by adults flying in from outside the trial plot. This pattern indicates an eradication of the ALB population in the 1.7-ha plot can be expected 2 yr after EB treatment. The benefit of treating with EB on the surrounding population was observed in both the untreated trees and imidacloprid-treated trees, suggesting that treatment of EB benefits both the treated trees and the surrounding trees in the area.

Investigation of the genetic diversity of an invasive whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in China using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chu ◽  
C.S. Gao ◽  
P. De Barro ◽  
F.H. Wan ◽  
Y.J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Key Factor

AbstractIt is often considered that reduced genetic variation due to bottlenecks and founder effects limits the capacity for species to establish in new environments and subsequently spread. The recent invasion (during the past five years) of an alien whitefly, one member of Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex, referred to as Mediterranean (herein referred to as Q-type) in Shandong Province, China, provides an ideal opportunity to study the changes in genetic variation between its home range in the Mediterranean region and its invasion range. Using both the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) and nuclear (microsatellite) DNA, we show that Q in Shandong likely originated in the western Mediterranean. We also found that the haplotype diversity was low compared with its presumed geographic origin, whereas microsatellite allele diversity showed no such decline. A key factor in invasions is the establishment of females and so bottleneck and founder events can lead to a very rapid and considerable loss of mitochondrial diversity. The lack of haplotype diversity in Shandong supports the interpretation that, at one or more points between the western Mediterranean and China, the invading Q lost haplotype diversity, most probably through the serial process of establishment and redistribution through trade in ornamental plants. However, the loss in haplotype diversity does not necessarily mean that nuclear allelic diversity should also decline. Provided females can mate freely with whichever males are available, allelic diversity can be maintained or even increased relative to the origin of the invader. Our findings may offer some explanation to the apparent paradox between the concept of reduced genetic variation limiting adaptation to new environments and the observed low diversity in successful invaders.

scholarly journals RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SOME CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AGAINST JUTE HAIRY CATERPILLAR (SPILOSOMA OBLIQUA W.) IN TOSSA JUTE (CORCHORUS OLITORIUS L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Sahin Polan ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder ◽  
Md. Mia Muku
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Treated Plot

Pesticides have been a major contributor to the growth of agricultural productivity and food supply. Pesticides were a key factor in significant agricultural productivity growth during the last century and continue to be a critical factor in reducing crop damage. Fifteen insecticides were investigated to select their effective and economic doses against Hairy caterpillar in a Tossa Jute variety during April-October’ 2020 at the Department of Entomology, Manikganj and Narayanganj, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Bangladesh following Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. All new insecticides with a standard were found effective for controlling jute hairy caterpillar giving 95.38, 94.55, 95.19, 92.85, 93.59, 94.22, 93.49, 93.62, 89.84, 95.72, 93.56, 93.38, 94.42, 95.39, 91.34 and 95.41 % at Manikganj; 95.78, 93.32, 93.97, 93.18, 92.09, 92.49, 93.74, 92.93, 92.29, 93.69, 93.95, 93.17, 95.31, 94.99, 92.11 and 94.53 % reduction of infestation at Narayanganj at 5th day after spray over control plot respectively. In Manikganj, the highest fibre yield (3.66 t/ha) was found in the plot treated with Rock 20 EC and the lowest (2.96t/ha) was found in Reset 20WDG treated plot. In case of Narayanganj, the highest fibre yield (3.85 t/ha) was found in the plot treated with Proxy 20 EC and the lowest (2.79t/ha) was found in Daman treated plot. These insecticides can be recommended for the farmer’s use to control jute hairy caterpillar.

Genotoxicity of Diesel Particulate Matter Emitted by Port-Injection of Hydrous Ethanol and N-Butanol

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Cadrazco ◽  
John R. Agudelo ◽  
Luz Y. Orozco ◽  
Verónica Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Load Mode ◽  
Intake Stroke ◽  
Injection Technology ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol

This work evaluated the genotoxic potential of the soluble organic material (SOM) extracted from the particulate matter (PM) emitted by an automotive diesel engine. The engine was modified to operate with a home-made multipoint-port injection system to substitute 10% of ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel in energy basis by hydrous ethanol (h-Et) or n-butanol (n-Bu) injected into the manifold during the intake stroke. A low engine load mode named M4 (43 Nm at 2410 min−1) and a medium-load mode M2 (95 Nm at 2410 min−1) were selected from the vehicle homologation cycle. PM was collected with a stainless steel filter located 1.5 m downstream the exhaust manifold. The SOM of the PM was extracted to evaluate the genotoxic activity on human lymphocytes using the Comet assay. Results indicated that independently of the mode, the SOM coming from alcohols led more genotoxicity than ULSD, following the order h-Et > n-Bu > ULSD. The low engine load operation exhibited much more DNA damage than mode M2, especially the PM produced by hydrous ethanol port-injection. Although further research is still necessary, these findings suggest that the biology activity of the SOM coming from alcohols PM could be a barrier for the implementation of alcohol port-injection technology.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis population dynamics and quantification of spores after inoculation on ornamental plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Vincent Charron-Lamoureux ◽  
Maude Thérien ◽  
Assena Konk ◽  
Pascale B. Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Over Time

Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are used in organic agriculture as an alternative to chemical pesticides to fight against phytopathogen organisms. These Gram-positive soil-dwelling bacteria are able to resist harsh conditions and survive by differentiating into endospores. Few studies have examined how bacterial populations change on plants over time, and whether they remain active or enter a dormant state. Nonetheless, these characteristics are strikingly important to determine the usage of B. subtilis and B. velezensis and their efficacy in environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the population dynamics of B. subtilis NCIB3610 and B. velezensis QST713 when applied as spores on different ornamental plants. We report that on all the plants studied (Echinacea purpurea ‘Salsa red’, Echinacea purpurea ‘Fatal attraction’, and Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidecote blue’), spores rapidly germinated and colonized the rhizoplane, maintaining a relatively low proportion of spores in the population over time, whereas the bacterial population on the leaves rapidly declined. Bacteria in the surrounding soil did not germinate and persisted as spores. Taken together, these results suggest that only cells found at the rhizosphere remain metabolically active to allow the formation of a lasting relationship with the plant, making possible beneficial effects from the inoculated bacteria.

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