scholarly journals Baseline reef health surveys at Bangka Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) reveal new threats

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Ponti ◽  
Francesca Fratangeli ◽  
Nicolò Dondi ◽  
Marco Segre Reinach ◽  
Clara Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Period ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Current Time ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Metal Mine ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Blast Fishing ◽  
Reef Decline

Worldwide coral reef decline appears to be accompanied by an increase in the spread of hard coral diseases. However, whether this is the result of increased direct and indirect human disturbances and/or an increase in natural stresses remains poorly understood. The provision of baseline surveys for monitoring coral health status lays the foundations to assess the effects of any such anthropogenic and/or natural effects on reefs. Therefore, the objectives of this present study were to provide a coral health baseline in a poorly studied area, and to investigate possible correlations between coral health and the level of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. During the survey period, we recorded 20 different types of coral diseases and other compromised health statuses. The most abundant were cases of coral bleaching, followed by skeletal deformations caused by pyrgomatid barnacles, damage caused by fish bites, general pigmentation response and galls caused by cryptochirid crabs. Instances of colonies affected by skeletal eroding bands, and sedimentation damage increased in correlation to the level of bio-chemical disturbance and/or proximity to villages. Moreover, galls caused by cryptochirid crabs appeared more abundant at sites affected by blast fishing and close to a newly opened metal mine. Interestingly, in the investigated area the percentage of corals showing signs of ‘common’ diseases such as black band disease, brown band disease, white syndrome and skeletal eroding band disease were relatively low. Nevertheless, the relatively high occurrence of less common signs of compromised coral-related reef health, including the aggressive overgrowth by sponges, deserves further investigation. Although diseases appear relatively low at the current time, this area may be at the tipping point and an increase in activities such as mining may irredeemably compromise reef health.

scholarly journals Thermal plasticity in coral reef symbionts is mediated by oxidation of membrane lipids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Botana ◽  
Adriano Chaves-Filho ◽  
Alex Inague ◽  
Arthur Guth ◽  
Flavia Saldanha-Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Reef Decline

Abstract The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is a common stress response across biomes with potential to trigger impairment of cell growth and reproduction. The oxidative stress theory of coral bleaching induced by global warming has been widely accepted to explain coral reef decline, but its underlying physiological mechanism remains under debate. Here we used lipidomic and population density data to examine cell cultures of three coral reef symbionts after a heat shock (sudden rise of 12 °C for 4 hours). Heat tolerance in S. microadriaticum and C. goreaui was characterized by preservation of thylakoid-derived glycolipids. Conversely, heat sensitivity in B. minutum was linked to elevated concentrations of oxidized PUFA esterified to glycolipids, suggesting that culture growth had ceased due to severe oxidative damage. Our findings provide a basis to further understand the role played by oxidative stress in coral bleaching and reveal novel biomarkers for the monitoring of symbiont-coral health.

scholarly journals Status of Coral Health and Disease in Kessilampe Waters, Kendari, South East Sulawesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ratna Diyah Palupi ◽  
Rahmadani Rahmadani ◽  
Ira Ira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Syndrome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Global Threat

Diseases of coral reef organisms have become a global threat to coral reefs and a major cause of reef deterioration. The presence of coral diseases influence marine resources productivity that interact with coral reefs. The purpose of this research is to identify coral disease types and prevalence which include coral health compromiser. Data collection was done by using 40 m2 belt transects at three observation stations. The result showed that the White Syndrome (WS), Bleaching, Ulcerative White Spot (UWS), Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB), White Patch (WP), and Non Focal Bleaching were found at research sites, while the coral health compromisers were Sediment damage, fish bite, invertebrate galls, flatworm infestation, and pigmentation response. In addition disease of White Syndrome (WS), Bleaching, and Ulcerative White Spot (UWS) were the main disease with prevalence of disease is approximately 4%, while the others were lower than 1%. Overall the prevalence of diseases (14,52%) is higher than compromise health (13,98%). A total of 186 coral colonies observed with 27 colonies were affected by diseases. Meanwhile, the waters quality (salinity, pH, and nitrate) were below the threshold quality standards for marine aquatic animal and not supported of coral organism was presume organisms against pathogens bacterial. Although the prevalence of coral disease is still in normal condition but the decrease of water quality can lead the risk. Good management is required from local government to improve the water quality especially from terrestrial impact.

scholarly journals The coral reef health at surrounding blue swimming crab fishery sites in Mandangin Island, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
I Ardiansah ◽  
S A Hidayat ◽  
D F D Mutmainah ◽  
M C B Siahaan ◽  
M R Firdaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Coral Health

Abstract Blue swimming crab fishery activities very often do not put into account the environmental condition. Coral reef, as one of the blue swimming crab habitats, can be affected by these activities. This study aims to determine the effect of blue swimming crab fisheries on coral health in Mandangin Island, East Java, Indonesia. Data collection points are determined based on the results of interviews by participatory mapping. Water quality data includes visibility, temperature, salinity, pH, DO, current velocity. Collecting coral reef data were using Line Intercept Transect (LIT), while for reef fish Underwater Visual Census (UVC) were used. The coral health index was determined based on the relevance between benthic components and fish components. The average of Mandangin Island’s water quality is in accordance with the quality standards of the Indonesian Minister of Environment Decree No.51 of 2004. Hard coral cover and fish biomass are classified as low, but the value of resilience is high. The coral reef health index value on Mandangin Island is 3.

scholarly journals Distribution, habitat use, and nesting behavior of the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) in the Trashigang Forest Division, Eastern Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Bal Krishna Koirala ◽  
Dawa Tshering
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ophiophagus Hannah ◽  
King Cobra

The King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor 1836), is the longest venomous snake in the world; it is globally threatened and has been categorized as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List. Herein we describe distribution, habitats, and nesting behavior of the King Cobra in Trashigang Forest Division, Bhutan. We recorded a total of 18 King Cobras during the one-year survey period. The elevational distribution was 650–2,057 m but most sightings were at lower elevations. King Cobras did not appear to prefer or avoid any particular habitat type but most records were from areas where human disturbances were at a minimum. We monitored a nest containing 37 eggs that was actively guarded by a female. This study was the first of its kind in Trashigang Forest Division and we hope that the information obtained will help formulate appropriate conservation strategies for this globally threatened species.

Coral disease prevalence and coral health in the Wakatobi Marine Park, south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haapkylä ◽  
A.S. Seymour ◽  
J. Trebilco ◽  
D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Spot Disease ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Impact

This is the first study on coral diseases in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP), south-east Sulawesi. It aimed to provide baseline knowledge of coral disease prevalence and coral health in this remote region. Results indicate a low disease prevalence of 0.57% with only two known diseases occurring within the sampling unit, white syndrome (0.42%) and tumours (0.15%). They affected 15 taxonomic groups from a total of 32 taxonomic groups. The presence of black-band disease (BBD), skeletal eroding band (SEB) disease and Porites ulcerative white spot disease (PUWSD) was identified outside the study area. A large number of corals were affected by previously undescribed conditions (9.7% of colonies). The impact of lesions named as green spot, green band, pigmented spot, and flatworm infestation is not known and represents an important area for future studies.

scholarly journals Kondisi Kesehatan Karang Genus Porites di Perairan Jemeluk dan Penuktukan-Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Febbi Mellani ◽  
I Gede Hendrawan ◽  
Widiastuti Karim
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Plague ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Coral Health

This research was conducted to determine the coral health condition of genus Porites at Jemeluk beach and Penuktukan beach with the different of reef geomorphology. Coral reef data was collected  for two days in Jemeluk beach (reef flats) in March 2017 and in Penuktukan beach (reef slope) in April 2017. Each observation location consisted of 3 stations parallel to the coastline. Observation of coral health data using belt transect method size 2 x 25 m with width of 1 meter each to left and right side. Photo documentation was performed on coral reefs of Porites and subsequently identified the types of diseases and forms of health problems using Coral Disease Handbook, Guidelines for Assessment, Monitoring and Management. The types of coral diseases found in both beaches are ulcerative white spot and white plague. The number of dominant colonies that infected with the disease was found on Jemeluk beach which has coastal morphology of coral reefs. The coral health conditions of the genus Porites found on Jemeluk and Penuktukan beaches are in an unhealthy condition. Compromised health is dominant in Jemeluk beach, this is estimated to be caused by the presence of river flow at observation sites which  is relatively high. In addition, the coral reef morphology in Jemeluk beach is reef flat causing the reefs in this area to be more susceptible to damage.

scholarly journals Composition of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbial Communities in Waters around the Florida Reef Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Peeter Laas ◽  
Kelly Ugarelli ◽  
Michael Absten ◽  
Breege Boyer ◽  
Henry Briceño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Florida Reef Tract ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Reef Tract

The Florida Keys, a delicate archipelago of sub-tropical islands extending from the south-eastern tip of Florida, host the vast majority of the only coral barrier reef in the continental United States. Abiotic as well as microbial components of the surrounding waters are pivotal for the health of reef habitats, and thus could play an important role in understanding the development and transmission of coral diseases in Florida. In this study, we analyzed microbial community structure and abiotic factors in waters around the Florida Reef Tract. Both bacterial and eukaryotic community structure were significantly linked with variations in temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total organic carbon values. High abundances of copiotrophic bacteria as well as several potentially harmful microbes, including coral pathogens, fish parasites and taxa that have been previously associated with Red Tide and shellfish poisoning were present in our datasets and may have a pivotal impact on reef health in this ecosystem.

Widespread occurrence of coral diseases in the central Maldives

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Montano ◽  
Giovanni Strona ◽  
Davide Seveso ◽  
Davide Maggioni ◽  
Paolo Galli
Keyword(s):  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Brown Band ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Local Host ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Reef Decline ◽  
Study Sites

Coral diseases are one of the most important causes of coral reef decline worldwide. Although they are well investigated in some areas of the Caribbean and the Great Barrier Reef, they have been poorly studied in the Indian Ocean, and particularly in the Maldives, where the presence of coral pathologies has been reported only recently. In order to fill this gap, we investigated the prevalence, local host range and distribution of five coral diseases, namely brown band disease, skeleton eroding band, black band disease (BBD), ulcerative white spot and white syndrome (WS), in the central part of the Maldivian Archipelago, focussing, in particular, on the dominant coral genus Acropora. We estimated an overall disease prevalence of approximately 1.51%. Malè North Atoll was the most affected area; however, coral diseases were present at all study sites. WS was the most widespread disease, whereas BBD affected the highest number of scleractinian genera. We found symptoms of disease on 18 genera belonging to eight families. Acropora was the most affected genus in terms of pathogen diversity. These results provide baseline disease levels for the Maldives and can therefore serve as gauge for monitoring future change.

Coral Diseases Cause Reef Decline

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 340 (6140) ◽  
pp. 1522.1-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Rogers ◽  
Jeff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Reef Decline

The CORALZOO project: a synopsis of four years of public aquarium science

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Osinga ◽  
Miriam Schutter ◽  
Tim Wijgerde ◽  
Buki Rinkevich ◽  
Shai Shafir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Coral Colony ◽  
Stony Corals ◽  
Public Aquarium ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Natural Coral

In order to improve the methodology for growing and maintaining corals in captivity, a consortium of European zoos, aquaria and academia executed a four-year public/private collaborative research and innovation project (CORALZOO) on the breeding and husbandry of stony corals. CORALZOO comprised the following topics: (1) sexual and asexual breeding of corals in captivity, including techniques for propagation, feeding and induction of natural coral colony morphogenesis; and (2) coral husbandry: development of generic bioassays to evaluate biotic and abiotic husbandry parameters and to monitor coral health, elaboration of methods for identification and treatment of coral diseases and optimization of transport and acclimation procedures. The results of this project are reviewed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document