scholarly journals A large and unusually colored new snake species of the genusTantilla(Squamata; Colubridae) from the Peruvian Andes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2767
Author(s):  
Claudia Koch ◽  
Pablo J. Venegas
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Human Interventions

A new colubrid species of the genusTantillafrom the dry forest of the northern Peruvian Andes is described on the basis of two specimens, which exhibit a conspicuous sexual dimorphism.Tantilla tjiasmantoisp. nov. represents the third species of the genus in Peru. The new species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of scalation characteristics and the unusual transversely-banded color pattern on the dorsum. A detailed description of the skull morphology of the new species is given based on micro-computed tomography images. The habitat of this new species is gravely threatened due to human interventions. Conservation efforts are urgently needed in the inter-Andean valley of the Maranon River.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Imaging of Liver Cancer Using MicroCT and Nanoparticle Contrast Agents in CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Liver Cancer Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110164
Author(s):  
Sang Bu An ◽  
Kwangmo Yang ◽  
Chang Won Kim ◽  
Si Ho Choi ◽  
Eunji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Parenchyma ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Micro-computed tomography with nanoparticle contrast agents may be a suitable tool for monitoring the time course of the development and progression of tumors. Here, we suggest a practical and convenient experimental method for generating and longitudinally imaging murine liver cancer models. Methods: Liver cancer was induced in 6 experimental mice by injecting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 plasmids causing mutations in genes expressed by hepatocytes. Nanoparticle agents are captured by Kupffer cells and detected by micro-computed tomography, thereby enabling longitudinal imaging. A total of 9 mice were used for the experiment. Six mice were injected with both plasmids and contrast, 2 injected with contrast alone, and one not injected with either agent. Micro-computed tomography images were acquired every 2- up to 14-weeks after cancer induction. Results: Liver cancer was first detected by micro-computed tomography at 8 weeks. The mean value of hepatic parenchymal attenuation remained almost unchanged over time, although the standard deviation of attenuation, reflecting heterogeneous contrast enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma, increased slowly over time in all mice. Histopathologically, heterogeneous distribution and aggregation of Kupffer cells was more prominent in the experimental group than in the control group. Heterogeneous enhancement of hepatic parenchyma, which could cause image quality deterioration and image misinterpretation, was observed and could be due to variation in Kupffer cells distribution. Conclusion: Micro-computed tomography with nanoparticle contrast is useful in evaluating the induction and characteristics of liver cancer, determining appropriate size of liver cancer for testing, and confirming therapeutic response.

First fossil representative of Cerylonidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea) described using X-ray micro-computed tomography, from Eocene Baltic amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5032 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
ANDRIS BUKEJS ◽  
ADAM ŚLIPIŃSKI ◽  
JERIT L. MITCHELL ◽  
RYAN C. MCKELLAR ◽  
MAURICIO BARBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
New Species ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Family

Based on material originating from five amber collections of Eocene Baltic amber, Protostomopsis pandema gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated using X-ray micro-computed tomography. It is the first formally described extinct species of Cerylonidae, and the first known Palaearctic representative of the subfamily Ostomopsinae. As such, the new species extends the temporal range of the family Cerylonidae by approximately 45 Ma.  

scholarly journals Five new species and one new genus of recent miliolid foraminifera from Raja Ampat (West Papua, Indonesia)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2157
Author(s):  
Meena Förderer ◽  
Martin R. Langer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Sample Material ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Nearshore Environments ◽  
West Papua

Raja Ampat is an archipelago of about 1,500 small islands located northwest off the Bird’s Head Peninsula of Indonesia’s West Papua province. It is part of the Coral Triangle, a region recognized as the “epicenter” of tropical marine biodiversity. In the course of a large-scale survey on shallow benthic foraminifera we have discovered one new genus and five new species of recent miliolid benthic foraminifera from the highly diverse reefal and nearshore environments. The new fischerinid genusDentoplanispirinellais characterized by its planispiral coiling and by the presence of a simple tooth, that differentiate it fromPlanispirinellaWiesner. It is represented in our sample material by the new speciesDentoplanispirinella occulta. The other four species described herein areMiliolinella moia, Miliolinella undina, Triloculina kaweaandSiphonaperta hallocki.All new species are comparatively rare and occur sporadically in the sample material. Detailed morphological descriptions, scanning electron microscopy pictures of complete and dissected specimens as well as micro-computed tomography images are provided.

scholarly journals A New Validation Methodology for In Silico Tools Based on X-ray Computed Tomography Images of Tablets and a Performance Analysis of One Tool

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bollmann ◽  
Peter Kleinebudde
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
In Silico Tools

In silico tools which predict the dissolution of pharmaceutical dosage forms using virtual matrices can be validated with virtual matrices based on X-ray micro-computed tomography images of real pharmaceutical formulations. Final processed images of 3 different tablet batches were used to check the performance of the in silico tool F-CAD. The goal of this work was to prove the performance of the software by comparing the predicted dissolution profiles to the experimental ones and to check the feasibility and application of the validation concept for in silico tools. Both virtual matrices based on X-ray micro-computed tomography images and designed by the software itself were used. The resulting dissolution curves were compared regarding their similarity to the experimental curve. The kinetics were analysed with the Higuchi and Korsmeyers–Peppas plot. The whole validation concept as such was feasible and worked well. It was possible to identify prediction errors of the software F-CAD and issues with the virtual tablets designed within the software.

scholarly journals 3D Morphological Processing for Wheat Spike Phenotypes Using Computed Tomography Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Xiong ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shengwu Xiong ◽  
Chengde Lin ◽  
Xiaohui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Progressive Technology ◽  
Wheat Spike

Wheat is the main food crop today world-wide. In order to improve its yields, researchers are committed to understand the relationships between wheat genotypes and phenotypes. Compared to progressive technology of wheat gene section identification, wheat trait measurement is mostly done manually in a destructive, labor-intensive and time-consuming way. Therefore, this study will be greatly accelerated and promoted if we can automatically discover wheat phenotype in a nondestructive and fast manner. In this paper, we propose a novel pipeline based on 3D morphological processing to detect wheat spike grains and stem nodes from 3D X-ray micro computed tomography (CT) images. We also introduce a set of newly defined 3D phenotypes, including grain aspect ratio, porosity, Grain-to-Grain distance, and grain angle, which are very difficult to be manually measured. The analysis of the associations among these traits would be very helpful for wheat breeding. Experimental results show that our method is able to count grains more accurately than normal human performance. By analyzing the relationships between traits and environment conditions, we find that the Grain-to-Grain distance, aspect ratio and porosity are more likely affected by the genome than environment (only tested temperature and water conditions). We also find that close grains will inhibit grain volume growth and that the aspect ratio 3.5 may be the best for higher yield in wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Pseudocolor Filter in Micro-computed Tomography Images for Detection of Proximal and Occlusal Caries Lesions in Primary Molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Sérgio AP Freitas ◽  
Francine K Panzarella ◽  
Roseli H Karia ◽  
Mariana RM Cavaletti ◽  
José Luiz C Junqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Caries Lesions

scholarly journals Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Paredes-León ◽  
Angélica María Corona-López ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
Víctor Hugo Toledo-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Epiphytic Bromeliads

A survey of the camerobiid mites living on epiphytic bromeliads and the forest floor of a Mexican tropical dry forest was carried out. We found three new species of the genus Neophyllobius, which are described in this paper; the first two, namely N. cibyci sp. nov. and N. tepoztlanensis sp. nov., were both found inhabiting bromeliads (Tillandsia spp.) and living on two tree species (Quercus obtusata and Sapium macrocarpum); the third, N. tescalicola sp. nov., was found in soil and litter under Q. obtusata. These three new species can be differentiated from other species in the genus by a combination of morphological characters in adult females, mainly those setae on femora and genua I. The idiosoma and leg setal ontogeny of a camerobiid mite is presented for the first time in this paper, illustrating chaetotaxic notations and their relative positions in N. cibyci sp. nov. larva, protonymph and adults (female and male), and establishing setal homologies among instars. Setal homology with other species in the cohort Raphignathina is briefly discussed. Additionally, a compilation and an identification key to all known species of camerobiid mites in Mexico is provided.

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